维基专题:传统百科全书条目/语言学名词
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本页列出了中文维基百科所缺少的《語言學名詞》(ISBN:978-7-100-06871-0)中的语言学相关条目。
数据更新在WikiProject:传统百科全书条目/语言学名词/data.json。
53.3% 完成
理论语言学
[编辑]学科
[编辑]- 语言学 Linguistics
 - 理论语言学 theoretical linguistics
 - 应用语言学 applied linguistics
 - 普通语言学 general linguistics
 - 历史语言学 historical linguistics
 - 比较语言学 comparative
 - 历时语言学 diachronic linguistics; historical linguistics
 - 共时语言学 synchronic linguistics
 - 描寫语言学 descriptive linguistics
 - 符号学 semiotics
 - 语符学 giossematics
 - 语言哲学 linguistic philosophy; philosophy of language
 - 哲理语言学 philosophical linguistics
 - 语文学 philology
 - 比较语文学 comparative philology
 - 句法学 syntax
 - 语素学 morphemics
 - 形态学 morphology
 - 屈折形态学 inflectional moiphology
 - 派生形态学 derivational morphology
 - 语用学 pragmatics
 - 词汇语用学 lexical pragmatics
 - 带连字符语言学 hyphenated linguistics
 - 计量语言学 quantitative linguistics
 - 数理语言学 mathematical linguistics
 - 统计语言学 statistical linguistics
 - 计算语用学 computational pragmatics
 - 结构类型学 structural typology
 - 语言类型学 language typology; linguistic typology
 - 人类文化诗学 ethnopoetics
 - 人类学语言学 anthropological linguistics
 - 人类文化语言学 ethnolinguistics
 - 人类文化语义学 ethnosemantics
 - 言语人种学 ethnography of speaking
 - 空间关系学 proxemics
 - 认知语言学 cognitive linguistics
 - 生物语言学 biolinguistics; biological linguistics
 - 体态语言学 kinesics
 - 心理语言学 psycholinguistics
 - 神经语言学 neurolinguistics; neurological linguistics
 - 神经认知语言学 neurocognitive linguistics
 - 语言病理学 speech-language pathology
 - 语言发生学 glossogenetics
 - 元语言学 melalinguistics
 
学派
[编辑]- 新弗斯学派 Neo-Firthian
 - 新语法学派 Neogrammarians
 - 结构语言学派 structural linguistics; structuralist linguistics
 - 布拉格学派 Prague School
 - 生成语言学派 generative linguistics
 - 解释语义学派 interpretive semantics
 - 生成语义学派 generative semantics
 - 词汇学派 lexicalism
 
理论与方法
[编辑]- 笛卡尔语言学 Cartesian linguistics
 - 语言决定论 linguistic determinism
 - 萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说 Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
 - 天賦说 innateness hypothesis
 - 规定主义 prescriptivism
 - 现实主义 realism
 - 心智主义 mentalism
 - 形式主义 formalism
 - 功能主义 functionalism
 - 传统语法 tradilional grammar
 - 层次语言学 stratificational linguistics
 - 法位学 tagmemics
 - 弧对语法 arc pair grammar
 - 形式语言学 formal linguistics
 - 非形式语言学 informal linguistics
 - 结构主义 structuralism
 - 直接成分分析法 immediate constituent analysis
 - 分布分析法 distributional analysis
 - 田野调查 field study
 - 普遍语法 universal grammar
 - 转换生成语法 transformational-generative grammar ; TG
 - 标准理论 standard theory
 - 扩展标准理论 extenede standard theory; EST
 - X杠理论 X bar theory; X-bar theory; X'theory
 - 语迹理论 trace theory
 - θ理论 theta-theory; thematic theory; θ-theory
 - 最简方案 minimalist program
 - 词汇映射理论 lexical mapping theory; LMT
 - 词汇主义假说 lexicalist hypothesis
 - 语义主义 semanticism
 - 括号表示法 bracketing
 - 蒙太格语法 Montague grammer
 - 蒙太格语义学 Montague semantics
 - 对比语言学 contrastive linguistics
 - 跨語言研究 cross-linguistics research
 - 语言年代学 glottochronology
 - 单一母语说 monogenesis
 - 多母语说 polygenesis
 - 波浪理论 wave theory
 - 配价理论 valence theory
 - 原型理论 prototype theory
 - 原型语义学 prototype semantics
 - 呈现语法 emergent grammar
 - 功能句子观 functional sentence perspective
 - 话语表现理论 discourse representation theory
 - 施为句假说 performative hypothesis
 
核心术语
[编辑]- 语言 langue
 - 言语 parole
 - 副语言 paralanguage
 - 共时 synchrony
 - 历时 diachrony
 - 任意性 arbitrariness
 - 能产性 productivity
 - 系统 system
 - 形式 form
 - 意义 meaning
 - 语言单位 linguistic unit
 - 语言模型 linguistic model
 - 语言直觉 linguistic intuition
 - 经济原则 economy principle
 - 口语 speech
 - 书面语 written language
 - 中介语 interlanguage
 - 手势语 sign language; gesture language
 - 声调语言 tonal language; tone language
 - 无声调语言 non-tonal language
 - 构型语言 configurational language
 - 非构型语言 non-configurational language
 - 语言获得机制 language acquisition device; LAD
 - 外化语言 externalized language; E-language
 - 内化语言 internalized language; I-language
 - 语法层级 grammatical hierarchies
 - 语法缺失症 agrammatism
 - 标记性 markedness
 - 成分分析 constituent analysis
 - 观察充分性 observational adequacy
 - 描写充分性 descriptive adequacy
 - 解释充分性 explanatory adequacy
 - 自主句法 autonomous syntax
 - 合语法性 grammaticality
 - 语言能力 competence; language competence; linguistic competence
 - 语言运用 performance; linguistic per-formance
 - 形式化 formalization
 - 有限状态语言 finite-state language
 - 上下文无关语言 context-free language
 - 上下文相关语言 context sensitive language
 - 阻断效应 blocking effect
 - D结构 D-structure
 - S结构 S-Structure
 - 语迹 trace
 - 零形式 zero form
 - 管辖 government
 - 语障 barrier
 - 照应语 anaphor
 - 回指 anaphora
 - 题元角色 theta role
 - 轻动词 light verb
 - 格标记系统 case marking system
 - 作格现象 ergativity
 - 法位 tagmeme
 - 形式意义 formal meaning
 - 层次网络模型 hierarchical network model
 - 格系统 case system
 - 语义三角 semiotic triangle
 - 预设 presupposition
 - 蘊涵 entailment
 - 话语 discourse
 - 话语分析 discourse analysis
 - 话语表现结构 discourse representation structure
 - 型 type
 - 例 token
 - 合成度 indexoisynthesis
 - 融合度 index of fusion
 - 有理据词 motivated word
 - 无理据词 unmotivated word
 - 语言共性 language universal linguistic universal
 - 分布共性 distribvlional universal
 - 绝对共性 absolute universal
 - 蕴涵共性 implicational universal
 - 非蕴涵共性 non-implicational universal
 - 形式共性 formal universal
 - 实质共性 substantive universal
 - 孤立语 isolating language
 - 屈折语 inflecting language; infleclional language; inflected language
 - 黏著語 agglutinative language; agglutinating language
 - 综合语 synthetic language
 - 主-宾-动语序语言 SOV language
 - 主-动-宾语序语言 SVO language
 - 动-主-宾语序语言 VSO language
 
交叉学科术语
[编辑]- 行为主义 behaviourism
 - 实证主义 positivism; pragmatism
 - 经验主义 empiricism
 - 理性主义 rationalism
 - 概念主义 conceptualism
 - 天赋论 nativism
 - 连通论 connectionism
 - 建构论 constructivism
 - 编码 encoding
 - 解码 decoding
 - 文本 text
 - 生成 generate
 
文字学
[编辑]总论
[编辑]- 文字学 graphology
 - 普通文字学 general graphology
 - 古文字学 palaeographology; palaeography
 - 汉字学 Chinese graphology; study of Chinese script
 - 中国古文字学 study of ancient Chinese script
 - 甲骨学 study of bone inscriptions
 - 甲骨文字学 graphology of bone in-scriptions
 - 金石学 epigraphy
 - 传统汉字学 classical Chinese graphology
 - 汉字字源学 graphic etymology of Chinese script
 - 汉字文化学 sludy of Chinese ficripi culture
 - 现代汉字学 study of contemporary Chinese character
 - 比较文字学 comparative graphology; comparative grammatology
 - 文字 script; writing
 - 文字画 graphic picture
 - 刻划符号 scratch-mark symbol
 - 象形文字 pictographic script
 - 表音文字 phonetic script
 - 音索文字 phonemic script
 - 音节文字 syllabic script
 - 表意文字 semantic script; ideography
 - 语素文字 morphemic script
 - 意音文字 semanto-phonetic script
 - 自源文字 self-initiated script
 - 他源文字 other-initiated script
 - 古文字 ancient script; ancient writing
 - 汉字 Hanzi; Chinese character; Chinese script; sinogram
 - 字形 graphic form
 - 字音 pronunciation of a script
 - 字义 semantic meaning of a script
 - 古汉字 ancient Chinese script
 - 近代汉字 modem Chinese character
 - 现代汉字 contemporary Chinese charcter
 - 文字改革 script refonn; writing reform
 
汉字的起源和发展演变
[编辑]- 陶符 pottery symbol
 - 简化 simplification
 - 简体 simplified form
 - 借笔 stroke loan
 - 草书楷化 regularization of cursive form into standard script
 - 同音代替 homophonic substitution
 - 合文 compound graph
 - 繁化 complexity
 - 繁体 complex form
 - 累增字 cumulative graph
 - 声化 phoneticization
 - 訛變 corruption
 - 义近形旁通用 interchange new meaning components
 - 分化 differentiation
 - 分化字 differentiated graph
 - 同源字 cognate graph; paronymy graph
 - 源字 malrigraph
 - 字原 basic character
 - 类化 nalogization; assimilation.
 
汉字的结构
[编辑]- 汉字结构 structure of Chinese character
 - 独体字 single-element character
 - 合体字 composite character; compound-element character
 - 笔画 stroke
 - 笔形 stroke form
 - 笔顺 stroke order
 - 部件 component part
 - 偏旁 graphic component; side component
 - 部首 radical
 - 字符 graphic symbol
 - 意符 semantic symbol
 - 义符 pictographic symbol
 - 音符 phonetic symbol
 - 记号 sign
 - 结构类型 structure category
 - 六书 Six Scripts; six categories of character construction
 - 象形 pictographic method
 - 象形字 pictograph
 - 指事 deictic method; indicative method
 - 指事字 deictograph; indicative character
 - 指事符号 deictic symbol
 - 会意 syssemantographic method; associative method
 - 会意字 syssemantograph; associative character
 - 亦声 semanto-phoneric inclusion
 - 形声 picto-phonelic method
 - 形声字 picto-phonetic character
 - 省形 signiflc symbol abbreviation
 - 省声 phonetic symbol abbreviation
 - 形旁 semantic component; signific component
 - 声旁 phonetic component
 - 右文说 theory of the right-side graphic element; youwen theory
 - 会意兼形声字 syssemantographic and picto-phonetic character
 - 转注 notative method
 - 转注字 notative character
 - 假借 borrowing method
 - 形借 borrowing of graphic form
 - 假借字 loangraph; borrowed character
 - 通假 phonological borrowing
 - 通假字 borrowed graph
 - 本字 oithograph
 - 后起本字 younger orthograph
 - 表意字 semantogram
 - 变体字 form-altered graph
 - 表音宇 phonogram
 - 变体表音字 form-altered phonogram
 - 合音字 phonetic fusion graph
 - 记号字 sign graph
 - 半记号字 semi-sign graph
 - 六书说 theory of Six Scripts
 - 三书说 theory of Three Scripts
 - 四体二用说 theory of four-principle and two-use for Six Scripts
 - 六书三耦说 theory of three pairs for Six Scripts
 
汉字的形体
[编辑]- 书体 script figure
 - 字体 script style
 - 甲骨文 oracle bone inscription; carapace and bone script
 - 金文 bronze inscription
 - 族名金文 bronze clan inscription
 - 鸟虫书 bird and insect script
 - 战国文字 Warring States script
 - 秦系文字 Qin system script
 - 六国文字 Six States script
 - 简帛文字 bambooslip and silk script
 - 陶文 pottery inscription
 - 蛮印文字 seal inscription
 - 石刻文字 stone inscription
 - 墓志文字 grave-tablel inscription
 - 碑別字 vulgar form of stele inscription
 - 封泥文字 sealing~clay inscription
 - 货币文字 coin inscription
 - 瓦当文字 eaves tile inscription
 - 古文 guwen script
 - 籀文 zhouwen script
 - 奇字 odd script
 - 传抄古文 transcribed ancient script
 - 隶定古文 clerically transcribed ancient script
 - 三体石经 Tri-script Stone Classics
 - 小篆 small seal script
 - 隶书 clerical script
 - 古隶 ancient clerical script
 - 汉隶 Han clerical script
 - 隶变 clerical change
 - 隶定 clerical transcription
 - 新隶体 neo-clerical script
 - 草书 cursive script
 - 章草 zhangcao script
 - 今草 modem cursive script
 - 狂草 deranged cursive script
 - 行書 semi-cursive script; running script
 - 楷書 standard script
 - 魏碑体 Wei stele style
 - 秦书八体 eight script-styles in Qin
 - 汉初六体 six script-styles in early Han
 - 行款 script arrangement; script format
 - 印刷体 printed form
 - 新字形 new printed form
 - 旧字形 old printed form
 - 手写体 handwritten form
 - 饰笔 decorative mark
 - 合文符号 compound graph mark
 - 重文符号 repeating mark
 - 区别符号 distinctive mark
 
汉字系统内部关系
[编辑]- 同形字 homograph
 - 形似字 near homograph
 - 单音字 monophonic character
 - 多音字 polyphonic character
 - 多音多义字 heteronymic character
 - 异读字 heterophonic character
 - 同音字 homophonous character
 - 单义字 monosemic character
 - 多义字 polysemic character
 - 同义字 synonymic character
 - 同义换读 synonymic interchange
 - 正体字 standard form; proper character
 - 俗体字 vulgarism; vulgar form
 - 错别字 wrong and inappropriate charcter
 - 古今字 ancient and modem graphs
 - 初文 protoform
 - 后起字 younger graph; later graph
 - 传承字 transmissive character
 - 新增字 neo-emerging character
 - 异体字 allograph; variant character
 - 避讳字 taboo character
 
汉字政策、应用研究等
[编辑]- 汉字改革 Chinese character reform
 - 拉丁化新文字 Latinizational New Writing System
 - 注音字母 Mandarin Phonetic Alphabet
 - 国语罗马字 National Romanization; GR Alphabetic Syste
 - 汉语拼音方案 Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet
 - 现代汉字规范化 standardization of contemporary Chinese character
 - 正字法 orthography
 - 汉字整理 Chinese character systematization
 - 规范汉字 normative character
 - 汉字简化方案 Scheme for Simplifying Chinese Characters
 - 简化字 simplified Chinese character
 - 简化字总表 General Table of Simplified Characters
 - 繁体字 traditional Chinese character
 - 简体字 convenient character
 - 类推简化 analogical simplification
 - 汉字应用 Chinese character application
 - 常用字 everyday character
 - 通用字 current character
 - 专用字 specialized character
 - 罕用字 rarely used character
 - 废弃字 obsolete character; dead character
 - 社会用字 character popular among people
 - 字量 script quantity
 - 字形数 number of character forms
 - 字种 character type
 - 字频 frequency of character
 - 高频趋简律 simplication tendency of high frequency character
 - 字序 script order; character order
 - 汉字检字法 Chinese character referencing method
 - 字样学 study of character model
 - 偏旁分析法 component analysis
 - 辞例推勘法 contextual inference
 
语音学
[编辑]一般语音学
[编辑]- 语音学 phonetics
 - 实验语音学 experimental phonetics
 - 语音 speech sound
 - 辅音 consonant
 - 辅音丛 consonant cluster
 - 清辅音 voiceless consonant; unvoiced consonant
 - 濁輔音 voiced consonant
 - 元音 vowel
 - 正则元音 Cardinal vowels
 - 元音图 vowel chart
 - 长元音 long vowel
 - 短元音 short vowel
 - 单元音 monophthong
 - 复合元音 compound vowel
 - 二合元音 diphthong
 - 三合元音 triphthong
 - 阻音 obstruent
 - 响音 sonorant
 - 音节 syllable
 - 开音节 open syllable
 - 闭音节 closed syllable
 - 音节结构 syllable structure
 - 音节首 onset; initial
 - 韵基 rime; rhyme; final
 - 音节核 nucleus
 - 音节尾 coda
 - 聲调 tone
 - 调類 tonal category
 - 调值 tonal value
 - 语调 intonation
 - 调群 tone group
 - 调冠 prehead
 - 调头 head
 - 调核 nucleus
 - 调尾 tail
 - 重读 stressed
 - 重音 stress
 - 词重音 word stress
 - 主重音 primary stress
 - 次重音 secondary stress
 - 句重音 sentence stress
 - 语法重音 grammatical stress
 - 对比重音 contrastive stress
 - 强调重音 emphatic stress
 - 轻读 unstressed
 - 节奏 rhythm
 - 停顿 pause。
 - 填声停顿 filled pause
 - 无声停顿 silent pause
 - 标音 transcription
 - 音位标音 phonemic transcription
 - 语音标音 phonetic transcription
 - 国际音标 International Phonetic Alphabet; IPA
 - 附加符號 diacritic
 - 语流音变 contextual variation
 - 増音 epenthesis; insertion
 - 减音 deletion
 - 元音融合 synaloepha
 - 同化 assimilation
 - 异化 dissimilation
 - 清化 devoicing
 - 濁化 voicing
 - 央化 centralization
 - 鼻化 nasalization
 - 连读变调 tone sandhi
 - 送气 aspirated
 - 不送气 unaspirated
 
汉语语音学
[编辑]- 声母 initial
 - 濁聲母 voiced initial
 - 清聲母 voiceless initial
 - 零聲母 zero initial
 - 韵母 final
 - 单韵母 simple final
 - 复合韵母 compound final
 - 复合元音韵母 diphthongal final
 - 鼻韵母 nasal final
 - 儿化 rhotacized; er diminutive
 - 儿化韵 rhotacized final; er diminutive final
 - 单字调 citation tone
 - 轻声 neutral tone
 - 五度标调法 5-letter tone system; a system of tone-letters
 
发音语音学
[编辑]- 发音语音学 articulatory phonetics
 - 言语产生 speech production
 - 调音 articulation
 - 成阻 approach; closing
 - 持阻 hold; closure
 - 除阻 release
 - 收紧 constriction
 - 收紧点 constriction point
 - 收紧度 degree of stricture
 - 主要发音(动作)primary articulation
 - 次要发音(动作)secondary articulation
 - 发音叠接 articulatory overlap
 - 协同发音 coarticu]ation
 - 气流机制 air stream mechanism
 - 发音器官 vocal organs
 - 主动發音器官 active articulator
 - 被动發音器官 passive articulator
 - 声道 vocal tract
 - 共鸣腔 resonant cavity
 - 唇 lip
 - 圆唇 rounded
 - 不圆唇 unrounded
 - 舌 tongue
 - 舌尖 tongue tip; apex
 - 舌叶 tongue blade; laminal
 - 舌面 dorsum
 - 舌根 tongue root; radical
 - 腭 palate
 - 硬腭 hard palate
 - 软腭 soft palate
 - 小舌 uvula
 - 声带 vocal folds; vocal coids
 - 声门 glottis
 - 喉 larynx
 - 发音部位 place of articulation
 - 双唇音 bilabial
 - 唇齿音 labio-dental
 - 舌尖-齿音 apico-dental
 - 舌尖-齿齦音apico-alveolar
 - 舌尖-龈后音 apico-postalveolar
 - 舌叶-齿龈音 lamino-alveolar
 - 舌面-腭前音 dorso-prepalatal
 - 舌面-腭后音 dorso-postpalatal
 - 舌面-軟齶音 dorso-velar
 - 小舌音 uvular
 - 咽音 pharyngeal
 - 喉音 laryngeal; glottal
 - 发音方式 manner of articulation
 - 爆發音 plosive
 - 鼻音 nasal
 - 颤音 trill
 - 拍音 tap; flap
 - 擦音 fricative
 - 边音 lateral
 - 边擦音 lateral fricative
 - 近音 approximant
 - 边近音 lateral approximant
 - 塞擦音 affricate
 - 噪音 voice
 - 发声 phonation
 - 发声类型 phonation type
 - 常态嗓音 modal voice
 - 氣嗓音 breathy voice
 - 嘎裂声 creaky voice
 - 假声 falsetto
 - 耳语声 whisper
 - 舌面元音 dorsal vowel
 - 舌尖元音 apical vowel
 - 舌尖前元音 apical dental vowel
 - 舌尖后元音 apical post-alveolar vowel
 - 舌位 tongue position
 - 开口度 opening degree
 - 开元音 open vowel
 - 半开元音 half-open vowel
 - 半闭元音 half-closed vowel
 - 闭元音 closed vowel
 - 前元音 front vowel
 - 央元音 central vowel; neutral vowel; schwa
 - 后元音 back vowel
 - 圆唇元音 rounded vowel
 - 不圆唇元音 unrounded vowel
 - 口内压力 intra-oral pressure
 - 喉下压力 subglottal pressure
 - 伯努利效应 Bernoulli effect
 - X射线照相术 X-radiography
 - 电子气流测量术 electrokymography
 - 聘位测量术 palatography
 - 肌电测量术 electromyography ;EMG
 - 声门测量术 glottography
 
声学语音学
[编辑]- 声学语音学 acoustic phonetics
 - 言语波 speech wave
 - 声门波 glottal wave
 - 波形 waveform
 - 周期波 periodic wave
 - 非周期波 aperiodic wave
 - 乐音 musical sound
 - 噪声 noise
 - 白噪声 white noise
 - 声源 source
 - 辐射 radiation
 - 波长 wavelength
 - 周期 period
 - 振幅 amplitude
 - 頻率 (物理學) frequency
 - 赫兹 Hertz; Hz
 - 音强 intensity
 - 共振 resonance
 - 共振峰 formant
 - 反共振 antiresonance
 - 反共振峰 antiformant
 - 阻尼 damping
 - 正弦波 sine wave
 - 纯音 pure tone
 - 复合波 complex wave
 - 复合音 complex sound
 - 傅立叶分析 Fourier analysis
 - 声谱分析 sound spectral analysis
 - 分音 partial
 - 基音 fundamental
 - 基频 fundamental frequency
 - 谐波 harmonic
 - 泛音 overtone
 - 记纹器 kymograph
 - 声谱仪 sound spectrograph
 - 声滤波器 acoustic filter
 - 声谱 sound spectrum
 - 谱包络 spectral envelope
 - 离散谱 discrete spectrum
 - 连续谱 continuous spectrum
 - 语图 sound spectrogram; sonagram
 - 宽市语图 wide-band spectrogram
 - 窄带语图 namw-band spectrogram
 - 嗓音横杠 voice bar
 - 音轨 locus
 - 嗓音起始时间 voice onset time; VOT
 - 共振峰模式 fonnant pattern
 - 过渡音征 transition cue
 - 乱纹 fill
 - 冲直条 spike
 - 送气 aspiration; aspirate
 - 声学元音图 vowel chart(上面已有?)
 
听觉语音学
[编辑]- 听觉语音学 auditory phonetics
 - 言语知觉 speech perception
 - 耳 ear
 - 倍频程 octave
 - 半音 semitone
 - 美 mel
 - 分贝 decibel; dB
 - 响度 loudness
 - 突显 prominence
 - 音高范围 pitch range。
 - 语速 speaking rate
 - 音长 duration
 - 音高 pitch
 - 音色 timbre
 
音系学
[编辑]- 音位学 phonemics
 - 音系学 phonology
 - 生成音系学 generative phonology; GP
 - 经典生成音系学 classical generative phonology
 - 非线性音系学 non-linear phonology
 - 自主音段音系学 autosegmental phonology
 - 节律音系学 metrical phonology
 - 韵律音系学 prosodic phonology
 - 优选论 optimality theory
 - 音系 phonology
 - 音系变化 phonological change
 - 元音和谐 vowel harmony
 - 辅音和谐 consonant harmony
 - 中和 neutralization
 - 音位 phonome
 - 音位系统 phoneme system
 - 最小对立体 minimal pair
 - 语音相似性 phonetic similarity
 - 互补分布 complementary distribution
 - 對立 opposition; contrast
 - 音素 phoneme
 - 音位变体 allophone
 - 自由变体 free variant
 - 条件变体 conditioned variant
 - 区别特征 distinctive feature
 - 音层 tier
 - 音层图 tier chart
 - 骨架音层 skeletal tier
 - 自主音段 autosegment
 - 连接 association; linking
 - 连接线 association line
 - 语音表达式 phonetic representation
 - 音位表达式 phonemic representation
 - 音系表达式 phonological represention
 - 底层表达式 underlying representation
 - 表层表达式 surface representation
 - 推导 derivation
 - 音系规则 phonological rule
 - 语音实现 phonetic implementation
 - 语音实现规则 phonelic impletation rule
 - 音段 segment
 - 韵律 prosody
 - 超音段 suprasegmental。
 - 韵律特征 prosodic feature
 - 韵律域 prosodic domain
 - 韵律层级 prosodic hierarchy
 - 莫拉 mora
 - 音步 foot
 - 音系词 phonological word
 - 音系短语 phonological phrase
 - 语调短语 international phrase
 - 韵律语句 prosodic utterance
 - 节律树 metrical tree
 - 节律栅 metrical grid
 - 音高重调 pilch accent
 - 边界调 boundary tone
 
语法学
[编辑]总论
[编辑]- 语法学 grammar
 - 共时语法 synchronic grammar
 - 历时语法 diachronic grammar
 - 比较语法 comparative grammar
 - 结构主义语法 structuralist grammar
 - 层次语法 stratiflcationai grammar
 - 短语结构语法 Phrase structure gram_mar; PSG
 - 转换语法 transformational grammar;
 - 生成语法 generative grammar
 - 管辖与约束理论 government-binding theory
 - 哲辖理论 government theory
 - 约束理论 binding theory
 - 功能语法 functional grammer
 - 认知语法 cognitive grammar
 - 格语法 case grammar
 - 配价语法 valency gammar
 - 形式语法 formal grammar
 - 概念语法 ideational grammar
 - 语法化 grammaticalization
 - 原型 prototype
 - 临摹性原则 copy principle
 - 范畴化 categorization
 - 语义特征 semantic feature
 - 原则和参数 PrincipIes and parameters
 
词法
[编辑]- 词法 morphology; word formation
 - 词法学 morphology
 - 语素 morpheme
 - 词 word
 - 单纯词 simple word
 - 合成词 compound word
 - 复合词 compound word
 - 派生词 derivative
 - 词根 root
 - 词缀 affix
 - 词类 parts of speech
 - 词性 category
 - 兼类词 cross-category word
 - 实词 content word
 - 虚词 fimction word
 - 体词 substantive
 - 谓词 predicative
 - 名词 noun
 - 动词 verb
 - 形容词 adjective
 - 区别词 non-predicative adjective
 - 数词 numeral
 - 量词 measure word; classifier
 - 代词 pronoun
 - 叹词 interjection
 - 擬聲詞 onomatopoeic word; onomatopoeia; ideophone
 - 副词 adverb
 - 介词 preposition
 - 连词 conjunction
 - 助词 particle
 - 语气词 mood particle
 - 专有名词 proper noun
 - 集合名词 collective noun
 - 抽象名词 abstract noun
 - 时间名词 temporal noun
 - 处所名词 place noun
 - 方位词 locative noun
 - 及物动词 transitive verb
 - 不及物动词 intransitive verb
 - 判断动词 judgment verb; copular verb
 - 能愿动词 modal verb
 - 趋向动词 directional verb
 - 自主动词 volitional verb
 - 非自主动词 non-volitional verb
 - 持续性动词 sustained verb
 - 非持续性动词 non-sustained verb
 - 体宾动词 substantive-object verb
 - 谓宾动词 predicate-object verb
 - 性质形容词 property adjective
 - 状态形容词 state adjective
 - 基数词 cardinal
 - 序数词 ordinal
 - 物置词 substance measure word
 - 动量词 aclion measure word
 - 时量词 temporal measure word
 - 个体量词 individual classifier
 - 集体量词 collective measure word
 - 复合量词 compound measure word
 - 人称代词 personal pronoun
 - 疑问代词 interrogative pronoun; interrogative word; Wh-word
 - 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun
 - 反身代词 reflexive pronoun
 - 程度副词 degree adverb
 - 范围副词 scope adverb
 - 时间副词 time adverb
 - 否定副词 negation adverb
 - 语气副词 adverb of mood
 - 结构助词 structural particle
 - 动态助词 aspectual particle
 - 比况助词 metaphor particle
 - 一价动词 monovalent verb
 - 二价动词 bivalent verb
 - 三价动词 trivalent verb
 - 有定 definite
 - 无定 indefinite
 - 任指 arbitrary reference
 - 虚指 indefinite reference; vague reference
 - 名物化 noniinalization
 
句法篇章
[编辑]- 句法 syntax
 - 句法学 syntax; syntactics
 - 语法单位 grammatical unit
 - 语法意义 grammatical meaning
 - 语法形式 grammatical form
 - 语法功能 grammatical function
 - 语法范畴 grammatica] category
 - 语法规则 gmmmatical rule
 - 语法系统 grammatical system
 - 语法性质 grammatical characteristic
 - 深层结构 deep structure
 - 表层结构 surface structure
 - 向心结构 endocentric construction
 - 離心結構 exocentric conslruction
 - 聚合关系 paradigmatic relations
 - 组合关系 syntagmatic relations
 - 结构关系 structural relations
 - 结构 structure
 - 短语 phrase
 - 名词性短语 nominal phrase
 - 动词性短语 verbal phrase
 - 形容词性短语 adjectival phrase
 - 联合短语 coordinate construction
 - 偏正短语 subordinate phrase
 - 主谓短语 subject-predicate phrase
 - 述宾短语 verb-object phrase
 - 述补短语 verb or adjective complement phrase
 - 方位短语 locative phrase
 - 数量短语 numeral-classifier phrase
 - 介词短语 prepositional phrase
 - 的字短语 De-phrase
 - 所字短语 Suo-phrase
 - 同位短语 appositional phrase
 - 连谓短语 serial verb phrase
 - 连动式 serial verb construction
 - 兼语式 pivotal construction
 - 句子 sentence
 - 单句 simple sentence
 - 复句 compound; complex sentence
 - 分句 clause
 - 小句 clause
 - 联合复句 coordinate complex sentence
 - 偏正复句 subordinate complex sentence .
 - 多重复句 multiple complex sentence
 - 紧缩句 compressive complex sentence
 - 句群 sentence group
 - 句法成分 syntactic constituent
 - 句型 sentence pattern
 - 句式 construction
 - 句类 sentence mode type
 - 句法歧义 syntactic ambiguity
 - 语序 word order
 - 陈述句 declarative sentence
 - 疑问句 interrogative sentence
 - 是非问句 yes-no question
 - 反复问句 A-not-A question
 - 特指问句 specific question
 - 选择问句 alternative question
 - 感叹句 exclamatory sentence
 - 祈使句 imperative sentence
 - 主谓句 subject-predicate sentence
 - 名词谓语句 nominal-predicate sentence
 - 动词谓语句 verb-predicate sentence
 - 形容词谓语句 adjective-predicate sentence
 - 主谓谓语句 clausal-predicate sentence
 - 非主谓句 non-subject-predicate sentence
 - 独词句 one-word sentence
 - 判断句 equational sentence
 - 存现句 existential sentence
 - 把字句 Ba-construction
 - 被字句 Bei-construction
 - 连谓句 serial verb construction
 - 兼语句 pivotal construction
 - 双宾句 double-object construction
 - 倒装句 inversional sentence
 - 省略句 ellipsis sentence
 - 关联词语 correlative word
 - 主语 subject
 - 谓词性主语 verbal subject
 - 施事主语 agent]ve subject
 - 受事主语 patient subject
 - 与事主语 recipient subject
 - 处所主语 locative subject
 - 时间主语 temporal subject
 - 工具主语 instrumental subject
 - 谓语 predicate
 - 体词性谓语 nominal predicate
 - 述语 predicative
 - 宾语 object
 - 谓词性宾语 predicative object
 - 施事宾语 agentive object
 - 受事宾语 patient object
 - 结果宾语 resultive object
 - 时间宾语 temporal object
 - 处所宾语 locative object
 - 存现宾语 existential object
 - 工具宾语 instrumental object
 - 数量宾语 quantitive object
 - 双宾语 double objects
 - 直接宾语 direct object
 - 间接宾语 indirect object
 - 定语 attributive
 - 描写性定语 descriptive attributive
 - 限制性定语 restrictive attributive
 - 状语 adverbial
 - 补语 complement
 - 结果补语 resultive complement
 - 趋向补语 directional complement
 - 可能补语 potential complement
 - 程度补语 degree complement
 - 状态补语 state complement
 - 数量补语 quantitive complement
 - 处所补语 locative complement
 - 时间补语 temporal complement
 - 中心语 head
 - 修饰语 modifier
 - 独立语 absolute
 - 施事 agent
 - 受事 patient
 - 感事 experiencer
 - 与事 recipient
 - 系事 co-referent
 - 逻辑主语 logic subject
 - 逻辑宾语 logic object
 - 话题 topic
 - 评述 comment
 - 主題 (語言學) theme
 - 述题 rheme
 - 焦点 focus
 - 预设 presupposition
 - 句法分析 syntactic analysis
 - 直接成分分析 immediate constituent analysis
 - 句子成分分析 sentence constituent analysis
 - 变换分析 transformational analysis
 - 词形变化 accidence
 - 性 gender
 - 数 number
 - 格 case; Case
 - 价 valency
 - 人称 person
 - 時 tense
 - 体 aspect
 - 态 voice
 - 主格 nominative case; NOM case
 - 宾格 objective case
 - 与格 dative case
 - 作格 ergative case
 - 属格 genitive case
 - 重叠 superposition
 - 零形式 zero form
 - 直接成分 immediate constituent; IC
 - 分布 distribution
 - 替换 substitution
 - 短语标记 phrase-marker; PM
 - 移位 movement; move
 - 嵌套 embed
 - 省略 ellipsis
 - 搭配 combination
 - 扩展 expansion
 - 形式 form
 - 功能 function
 - 辖域 scope
 - 连贯 coherence
 
语义学、词汇学
[编辑]语义学与语义理论
[编辑]- 语义学 ①semantics; ②linguistic semantics
 - 传统语义学 traditional semantics
 - 现代语义学 modem semantics
 - 普通语义学 general semantics; theoretic semantics
 - 普遍语义学 universal semantics
 - 解释语义学 interpretive semantics
 - 生成语义学 generative semantics
 - 结构语义学 structural semantics
 - 文化语义学 cultural semantics
 - 哲学语义学 philosophical semantics
 - 逻辑语义学 logical semantics
 - 真值条件语义学 trulh-conditional semantics
 - 模型论式语义学 model theory; model-theoretic semantics
 - 语义哲学 semantic philosophy; philosophy of semantics
 - 真理论语义学 truth-theoretic semantics
 - 博弈论语义学 game-theoretic semantics
 - 翻译语义学 translational semantics
 - 判据和构造语义学 criterial-constructive semantics
 - 词汇语义学 lexical semantics
 - 句法语义学 syntactic semantics
 - 柏拉图意义观 Plato’s notion meaning; Platonic notion of meaning
 - 亚里士多德意义观 Aristotle’s notion of meaning; Aristotelian notion of meaning
 - 指称论 referential theory; referentialism; denotational theory
 - 意义三元论 meaning trialism; semiotic triangle of meaning
 - 语义网络理论 semantic network theory
 - 语境理论 context theory
 - 场论 field theory; semantic field theory
 - 成分分析理论 componential analysis theory
 
语义、词义分析法
[编辑]- 语义成分分析法 componential analysis
 - 语乂结构分析法 semiotactic analysis
 - 词义构成分析法 lexical constituent analysis
 - 扩展法 inserted expansion
 - 同形替代法 constituent substitution; constituent replacement
 - 词汇统计法 lexicostalistics
 
词汇学
[编辑]- 词汇学 lexicology
 - 普通词汇学 general lexicology
 - 专语词汇学 specialized lexicology; concrete lexicology
 - 描写词汇学 descriptive lexicology
 - 历史词汇学 historical lexicology
 - 历史比较词汇学 historical comparative
 - 古代汉语词汇学 ancient Chinese lexicology
 - 汉语历史词汇学 historical Chinese lexicology
 - 现代汉语词汇学 modern Chinese lexicology
 - 词义学 lexicology; lexical semantics
 - 词彩学 lexical colorology
 - 语汇学 lexis studies
 - 熟语学 phraseology
 - 语源学 etymology
 - 词源学 etymology
 - 汉语词族学 Chinese lexical linearology
 - 二维度词源学 two-dimensional etymology; bi-dimensional etymology
 
词与词汇
[编辑]- 词 word
 - 词汇 word
 - 语汇 vocabulary stock
 - 词汇层 lexemic stratum; lexical hierarchy
 - 词汇词 lexical word; content word
 - 词汇单位 lexical unit
 - 词汇类型 lexical type
 - 词汇系统 lexical system
 - 全民性词汇 national vocabulary
 - 非全民性词汇 non-national vocabulary
 - 基本词汇 basic vocabulary
 - 一般词汇 common vocabulary
 - 通用词汇 general vocabulary
 - 常用词汇 high frequent word
 - 书面语词汇 vocabulary of written language; vocabulary of written words
 - 口语词汇 colloquialism; vocabulary of spoken language
 - 基本词 basic word
 - 常用词 everyday expression
 - 言语词 contextual word
 - 偶发词 nonce word; nonce formation; nonce; accidental words
 - 词库 lexicon
 - 首词 prototypical lexeme
 - 同类词 class word; group word
 - 本语词 native word
 - 外来词 loan word; foreign word; alienism; alien word; foreignism
 - 译词 translated loan
 - 音译词 transliteration; phonemic loan
 - 音义兼译词 meaning-indicative phonetic transcription
 - 意译词 semantic loan
 - 仿译词 loan translation; caique
 - 形译词 graphic loan from Japanese
 - 混合词 hybrid; hybrid word; loan-blend
 - 单义词 monoseine
 - 多义词 polyseme
 - 同义词 synonym
 - 意念同义词 semantic field synonym
 - 语体同义词 stylistic synonym
 - 修辞同义词 rhetoric synonym
 - 同素同义词 in-component synonym
 - 等义词 absolute synonym
 - 近义词 relative synonym; near synonym
 - 反义词 antonym
 - 类义词 lexical cluster
 - 上位词 hypernym; super term
 - 下位词 hyponym
 - 概念词 concept word; conception word
 - 感情色彩词 emotive word; affective word
 - 褒义词 complimentary word
 - 贬义词 derogatory word
 - 中性词 neutral word
 - 民族色彩词 ethno-lexeme
 - 社区词 community expression
 - 文化词 cultural word
 - 古语词 archaic word
 - 文言词 classical Chinese word
 - 历史词语 historism; historical word
 - 方言词 dialect word
 - 传承词 inherited word
 - 比喻词语 figurative word
 - 异形词 abnormity of a Chinese character
 - 异体词 variant forms of a Chinese character
 - 工程词 linguistic unit of high frequency
 - 摹状词 description
 - 元语言 metalanguage
 - 定义词汇 defining vocabulary
 - 语源 etymon
 - 原生词 proto-lexeme; etymon
 - 俗词源 folk etymon
 - 新词语 neologism; coined word
 - 旧词语 obsolete old word
 
词义
[编辑]- 词义 lexical meaning
 - 词形 word form
 - 词汇意义类型 lexical meaning type
 - 词义系统 lexical meaning system
 - 同义关系 synonymy
 - 反义关系 antonymy
 - 同指关系 co-referentiality; co-referential relation
 - 表层义 surface meaning
 - 深层义 deep meaning
 - 基本义 basic meaning
 - 内部形式 internal form
 - 指称意义 referential meaning
 - 词的理据 lexical motivation; motivation of word
 - 命名义 designational meaning
 - 概念义 ideational meaning; conceptual meaning
 - 概括义 generalized meaning
 - 具体义 concrete meaning
 - 类型义 class meaning
 - 功能义 functional meaning
 - 结构义 structural meaning
 - 假借义 phonetic loan meaning
 - 范畴义 categorical meaning
 - 本义 original meaning; basic meaning
 - 原始义 primary meaning
 - 引申义 extensional meaning; denotative meaning
 - 历史义 historical meaning
 - 现存义 current meaning
 - 古义 ancient meaning
 - 文化义 cultural connotation; cultural meaning
 - 常用义 generally-used meaning
 - 僻义 rarely-used meaning
 - 联想义 associative meaning
 - 临时义 temporary meaning
 - 色彩义 meaning with special flavour
 - 比喻义 figurative meaning; meaning
 - 转义 transferred meaning
 - 贮存义 langue meaning
 - 言语义 parol meaning
 - 语义 semanteme
 - 语义场 semantic field
 - 义项 senseitem; meaning item
 - 义象 meaning Iongtitude; meaning ensemble label
 - 义类 weaning class; semantic category
 - 义族 meaning family
 - 义群 subset meaning group
 - 义列 extensional meaning series; de-notative meaning series
 - 义域 meaning domain; semantic domain
 - 义位 sememe
 - 义素 semantic component
 - 义区 meaning sector; semantic space
 - 义系 meaning set
 - 义蚀 meaning eclipse
 - 义通 meaning or semantic association; meaning connection
 - 词义扩大 the enlarging of meaning
 - 词义缩小 the narrowing of meaning
 - 词义转移 the transferring of meaning
 
构词法、构词单位、造词法
[编辑]- 构词法 lexical morphology
 - 原形词 original word
 - 派生词 derivative
 - 单纯词 simple word
 - 合成词 compound word
 - 复合词 compound word
 - 偏义复合词 subordination compound word
 - 同素词 allotropy
 - 缩略词 abbreviate
 - 离合词 segregatory word
 - 同音词 homophone
 - 同形词 homograph
 - 单音词 monosyllabic word
 - 复音词 disyllabic and polysyllabic word
 - 叠音词 reduplication word
 - 多音词 polyphonic word
 - 联绵词 twin simple word
 - 双声叠韵词 alliterative or rhyming twin simple word
 - 词根词 stem; root morpheme
 - 词干 stem
 - 词根 root
 - 自由词根 free root
 - 黏着词根 bound root
 - 词素 semantic morpheme
 - 合成词素 compounding semantic morpheme
 - 实词素 content semantic morpheme
 - 虚词素 grammatical semantic morpheme
 - 自由形式 free form
 - 黏着形式 bound form
 - 屈折形式 inflectional form
 - 附加词素 bound morpheme
 - 词缀 affix
 - 前缀 prefix
 - 中缀 infix
 - 后缀 suffix
 - 类词缀(准词缀) quasi-affix
 - 类前缀(准前缀) semi-grammaticalized prefix; semi-prefix; quasi-prefix
 - 类后缀(准后缀) semi-grammaticalized suffix; semi-suffix; quasi-suffix
 - 词头 proclitics; prefix; headword
 - 词尾 enclitics; inflectional suffix
 - 字母词素 lettered morpheme
 - 首字母缩略词 initialism; alphabetism
 - 造词法 word fonnation
 - 词法造词法 mationmorphological word formation
 - 句法造词法 syntactic word formation
 - 语音造词法(语音构词) phonetic word formation
 - 衍声造词法 rhymed word formation
 - 仿造词 new creation by partial mor-pheme substitution
 - 双音词化 lexical disyllabification; lexico-disyllabication
 
熟语
[编辑]- 熟语 phraseological unit; stereotyped expression; idiomatic phrase
 - 成语 idiom; set phrase
 - 四字格 quadrisyllable word
 - 惯用语 formulaic expression; routine; refabricated language
 - 社会习惯语(社会方言词语、习惯语) social idiom; social dialect
 - 术语 term; terminology
 - 行业语(行业词、行话) jargon; cant
 - 委婉语 euphemism
 - 禁忌语 taboo
 - 警句(警语) epigram; aphorism
 - 歇后语 a two-part allegorical saying
 - 谚语 proverb
 - 格言 maxim; motto; aphorism
 - 典故词 allusive word
 - 俚语词 slang; slang word
 - 詈词(恶言、恶声、秽语、骂言、粗口) abusive expression; swear word; curse; abusive language
 - 俗语词 popular word; folksay; slang
 
辞书学
[编辑]总论
[编辑]- 辞书学 science of lexicographic(al) works
 - 词典学 lexicography
 - 普通词典学 general lexicography
 - 专科词典学 specialized lexicography
 - 比较词典学 comparative lexicography
 - 计算词典学(电子词典学) computational lexicography
 - 百科词典学 eruiycdopeciic lexicography
 - 理论词典学 theoretical lexicography
 - 应用词典学 applied lexicography; practical lexicography
 - 单语词典学 monolingual lexicography
 - 双语词典学 bilingual lexicography
 - 多语词典学 multilingual lexicography
 - 词典分类学(词典类型学) dictionary typology
 - 词典考古学 dictionary archaeology; lexicographic(al) archaeology
 - 语料库词典学 corpus lexicography; corpus-oriented lexicography
 - 辞书评论 dictionary review; dictionarycriticism
 - 辞书史 dictionary history
 - 用户需求分析 user needs analysis
 
辞书编纂
[编辑]- 辞书编纂 dictionary making; dictionary compilation
 - 辞书编纂方案(辞书编纂计划) dictionary project
 - 总体设计 overall design
 - 总体结构 overall structure
 - 总体规模 total size
 - 总体布局 overall layout
 - 总体风格 general style
 - 编纂计划 planning of dictionary project
 - 编纂宗旨 purpose of dictionary-making
 - 编纂条例 rules of dictionary-making
 - 体例 format guideline
 - 凡例(例言) key to entries
 - 框架结构 frame structure; megastructure
 - 宏观结构 macrostructure
 - 中观结构 mediostructure
 - 参见结构 cross-reference structure
 - 微观结构 microstructure
 - 微观结构设计 microstructure design
 - 条目结构 entry structure; article structure
 - 外部材料 outside matter
 - 前置页 front matter
 - 中置页 middle matter
 - 后置页 back matter
 - 附录 appendix; subsidiary
 - 词条 entry; lexical entry
 - 查询区 search area
 - 立目 selection of lemma
 - 选词 selection of headword
 - 收词 inclusion of headword
 - 收词原则 principles of headword selection
 - 收词范围 coverage of headword selection
 - 古旧词 archaism
 - 废弃词 obsolete word
 - 选条 selection of entries (articles)
 - 选字 selection of head characters
 - 收条 inclusion of articles
 - 收字 inclusion of head characters
 - 语词条目 lexical entry
 - 百科条目 encyclopedic entry
 - 词目 lemma
 - 词头(词目词) entry-word; headword
 - 字条 character entry
 - 字头 head character
 - 条目 article; entry
 - 条头 heading of an article
 - 条头设计(条头标引) design of heading
 - 单字条目 single-word entry
 - 多字条耳 multi-word entry
 - 短语条目 piirasal entry
 - 主词条(主词条、正条) main entry
 - 次词条 sub-entry
 - 内词条 run-on entry
 - 副词条(副条) secondary lemma
 - 参见条 cross-reference entry
 - 注释 gloss
 - 用法说明 usage note
 - 词汇搭配 lexical collocation
 - 分布结构 distribution structure
 - 闭环性 closedness of dictionary
 - 例证(用例、词例) example; illustrative example
 - 辞书语证 lexicographic(al) evidence
 - 引例(书证) cited example; citation
 - 自撰例 constructed example
 - 典型例证 typical example
 - 反语证 counterexample
 - 对等词 equivalent
 - 翻译对等词 translation equivalent
 - 解释性对等词 explanatory equivalent
 - 部分对等 partial equivalence
 - 部分对等词 partial equivalent
 - 语义仿造 semantic caique
 - 归纳仿造 inductive caique
 - 指称仿造 referential caique
 - 句法仿造 syntactic caique
 - 形态仿造 morphological caique
 - 形义仿造 morpho-semantic caique
 - 音形仿造 phono-morphological caique
 - 音义仿造 phono-semanic caique
 - 注音 phonetic transcription
 - 音标注音法 phonetic transcription; phonetic symbol transcription
 - 字母注音法 phonetic alphabet transcription
 - 编排技巧 ordering device
 - 排检法 arrangement and consultation
 - 编排法 arrangement
 - 查检法 consultaion
 - 音序排检法 arrangement and consultation by phonetic alphabet
 - 形序排检法(词形排检法、字形排检法) arrangement and consultation by written form
 
辞书类型
[编辑]辞书释义
[编辑]辞书现代化
[编辑]方言学
[编辑]方言学通论
[编辑]- 方言学 dialectology
 - 方言 dialect
 - 汉语方言 Chinese dialect
 - 方言地理学 dialect geography
 - 方言地图集 dialect atlas
 - 原始方言 proto dialect
 - 方言特征 dialectal characiteristics
 - 母方言 mother tongue
 - 基础方言 basic dialect
 - 方言亲疏 dialectal distance
 - 地方普通话 regional common language
 - 方言边界 dialect boundary
 
方吉调査
[编辑]- 方言普查 general survey of dialects
 - 《方言调查字表》Chinese Table for Dialectal Investigation
 - 方言记略 outline of a dialect
 - 方言拼音方案 dialectal romanization system
 - 记音 phonetic transcription
 - 方言志 dialect chorography
 - 国际音标标音 IPA transcription
 - 宽式标音 broad transcription
 - 严式标音 narrow transcription
 - 发音人 informant
 - 本地人 native speaker
 - 方言音系 dialectal phonology
 - 单字音系 phonological system of mono-syllable
 - 方言词汇 dialectal lexicon
 - 方言词典 dialectal dictionary
 - 方言语法 dialectal grammar
 
方言分区
[编辑]- 方言分区 dialectal division
 - 方言系属 dialectal belongings
 - 方言层级 dialectal stratification
 - 方言分类 dialectal classification
 - 方言区 dialect group
 - 方言片 dialect cluster
 - 方言小片 dialect sub-cluster
 - 方言点 dialect spot
 - 方言岛 dialect island
 - 军话 military dialect
 - 站话 station dialect
 - 蛮话 Man dialect
 - 土话 aboriginal vernacular
 - 粵北土话 Northern Yue Vernacular Cluster
 - 湘南土话 Southern Xiang Vernacular Cluster
 - 官话方言 Mandarin dialect
 - 北方方言 Northern Mandarin
 - 蓝青官话 substandard Mandarin
 - 北京官话 Beijing Mandarin
 - 东北官话 Northeastern Mandarin
 - 兰银官话 Lanyin Mandarin
 - 胶辽官话 Jiaoiiao Mandarin
 - 冀鲁官话 Jilu Mandarin
 - 中原官话 Zhongyuan Mandarin
 - 西南官话 Southwestern Mandarin
 - 上江官话 Shangjiang Mandarin
 - 江淮官话 Jianghuai Mandarin
 - 下江官话 Xiajiang Mandarin
 - 吴方言 Wu dialect
 - 北部吴语 Northern Wu dialect
 - 南部吴语 Southern Wu dialect
 - 湘方言 Xiang dialect
 - 贛方言 Gan dialect
 - 粵方言 Yue dialect
 - 闽方言 Min dialect
 - 客家方言 Hakka dialect
 - 晋方言 Jin dialect
 - 徽方言 Hui dialect
 - 平话方言 Pinghua dialect
 
方言分析
[编辑]- 本音 basic form
 - 变音 changed form
 - 合音 fusion
 - 儿化 er diminutive; rhotacized
 - 儿化韵 er diminutive final; rhotacized final
 - 本调 basic tone
 - 单字调 independent tone
 - 变调 changed tone
 - 连读变调 tone sandhi
 - 两字组 bi-syllabic form
 - 三字组 tri-syllabic form
 - 小称 diminutive
 - 小称变韵 diminutive final
 - 小称变调 diminutive tone
 - 子变韵母 zi changed final
 - D变韵 D changed final
 - 音韵地位 historical phonological categories
 - 分尖團 sharp and round initial distinction
 - 尖音 sharp initial
 - 團音 round initial
 - 清音浊流 unvoiced initial with voiced release
 - 舒声 lax tone
 - 促声 abrupt tone
 - 语音对应 phonological correspondence
 - 异读 variant reading
 - 训读 interpretative reading
 - 文读 literary reading
 - 文读音 literary pronounciation
 - 文读层 literary layer
 - 白读 colloquial reading
 - 白读音 colloquial pronounciation
 - 白读层 colloquial layer
 - 文白异读 literary versus colloquial distinction
 - 新派 new variation
 - 老派 old variation
 - 方言字 dialectal character
 - 俗字 vulgar character
 - 本字 etymological character
 - 考本宇 etymological character analysis
 - 例外字 exceptional reading character
 - 特字 special reading character
 - 方言词 dialectal word
 - 特征词 distinctive word
 - 分音词 split word
 - 合音词 fusional word
 - 切脚词 qiejiao word
 - 方言韵书 dialectal rhyme book
 
修辞学
[编辑]修辞学
[编辑]修辞
[编辑]修辞手段
[编辑]修辞方法
[编辑]语塊、语体与风格
[编辑]音韵学
[编辑]总论
[编辑]- 音韵学 historical phonology
 - 音韵 phonology
 - 古音构拟 reconstruction of ancient pronunciation
 - 上古音 old Chinese sounds
 - 中古音 middle Chinese sounds
 - 近代音 recent Chinese sounds; early Mandarin
 - 近古音 early Mandarin
 - 通语 common language
 - 北音 North Chinese sounds
 - 北音学 North Chinese phonology
 - 南音 South Chinese sounds
 - 国音 national pronunciation
 
音类分析和等韵学
[编辑]- 清 voiceless
 - 全清 unaspirated voiceless initials
 - 次清 aspirated voiceless initials
 - 濁 voiced
 - 全濁 voiced obstruent (stop, affricate and fricative)
 - 次濁 voiced sonorant
 - 戛透拂练揉 initial types of [ k ] (unaspirated) ,[ t‘ ] ( aspirated) ,[ f ] ( fricative) ,[ l ] (lateral) and [ r ] ( nasal and semi-vowel)
 - 声 ①initial ( of a Chinese syllable); ②initial category; ③tone
 - 纽 ①initial (of a Chinese syllable); ②to combine an initial and a final to form a syllable; ③syllable
 - 声母 initial
 - 複輔音聲母 consonant cluster as an initial
 - 零声母 zero initial
 - 清聲母 voiceless initial
 - 濁聲母 voiced initial
 - 双声 alliterated disyllables
 - 叠韵 rhymed disyllables
 - 韵 ① rhyme;② group of rhymes;③ second sinigram in a fanqie
 - 韵母 final
 - 韵头 medial
 - 韵腹 main vowel
 - 韵尾 syllabic ending
 - 開韻尾 open ending or vowel ending
 - 鼻音韻尾 nasal ending
 - 塞音韻尾 stop ending
 - 陰聲韻 rhyme with an open ending
 - 陽聲韻 rhyme with a nasal
 - 入聲韻 rhyme with a stop ending
 - 闭口韵 rhyme with a labial ending
 - 声调 tone
 - 四声 four tonal categories
 - 平声 level or even tone
 - 平声阴 level tone with a vokeless consonant
 - 平声阳 level tone with a voiced consonant
 - 上声 rising tone
 - 去声 departing or going tone
 - 入声 entering tone
 - 阳调 tone with a voiced initial
 - 阴调 tone with a voiceless initial
 - 舒声 ① non-abrupt tone; ② rhyme with vowel or nasal ending
 - 促声 ①abrupt tone;②rhyme with stop ending
 - 平仄 even and uneven tonal categories
 - 仄声 uneven tones
 - 字母 sinigrams used as initials
 - 守温字母 Shouwen’s system of initial sinigrams
 - 三十六字母 36 initial sinigrams
 - 五音 five initial categories
 - 七音 seven initial categories
 - 九音 nine initial categories
 - 唇音 labial
 - 重唇音 heavy labial;bilabial
 - 輕唇音 light labial;labiodental
 - 舌音 lingual
 - 舌头音 shetou; apical
 - 舌上音 sheshang; laminal
 - 半舌音 semi-lingual
 - 齿音 dental
 - 齿头音 chitou; alveolar
 - 正齿音 zhengchi; dental proper
 - 照二组 Zhao group at the second division; Zhuang group
 - 照三组 Zhao group at the third division; Zhang group
 - 半齿音 semi-dental
 - 半舌半齿音 semi-lingual and semi-dental
 - 牙音 velar
 - 喉音 guttural
 - 喻三 Yu at the third division
 - 喻四 Yu at the fourth division
 - 转 zhuan; a table in earlier rhyme tables
 - 内转 neizhuan; inner rhyme tables
 - 外转 waizhuan; outer riiyme tables
 - 摄 she;rhyme groups
 - 十六摄 16 rhyme groups
 - 呼 articulation
 - 開合 kaihe; both rounded and unrounded articulution
 - 開口 kaikou; unrounded articulation
 - 合口 hekou; rounded articulation
 - 开合韵 kaihe; a rhyme table with both rounded and unrounded finals
 - 独韵 duyun; a rhyme table with exclusively rounded or unrounded finals
 - 开口呼 articulation when neither [ i ] [ u ] or [ y ] is used as medial or main vowel
 - 合口呼 articulation with [ u ] as medial or main vowel
 - 齐齿呼 articulation with [ i ] as medial or main vowel
 - 撮口呼 articulation with [y] as medial or main vowel
 - 尖團音 jianyin vs. tuanyin
 - 洪细 big vs. small aperture
 - 弇侈 narrow vs. wide aperture
 - 轻重 qing vs. zhong; light vs. heavy
 - 等 division; grade 爹中根据韵腹和介音把韵母分为四 斤分列或四格分
 - 一等韵 first division
 - 二等韵 second division
 - 三等韵 third division
 - 四等韵 fourth division
 - 纯三等韵 pure third division
 - 假二等 false second division
 - 假四等 false fourth division
 - 切韵学 study of rhyme tables
 - 切韻法 method of fanqie
 - 等韵学 study of rhyme tables
 - 等韵 phonology of rhyme tables
 - 切韵图 rhyme tables
 - 等韵图 rhyme tables
 - 列围 slot
 - 归字 locate
 - 悉曇 siddham
 - 门法 menfa; guiding principle of understanding rhyme tables
 - 窠切 keqie; a menfa principle relating zhi initial group
 - 内外 nei vs. wai; inner vs. outer
 - 精照互用 huyong; a menfa principle relating jing and zhao initial groups
 - 轻重交互 jiaohu; a men£a principle relating light and heavy labials
 - 日寄凭切 riji; a menfa principle relating the ri initial
 - 寄韵凭切 jiyun; a menfa principle relating the zhao initial group
 - 类隔 leige:a principle relating duan and zhi initial groups
 - 音和 yinhe; total harmony
 
用韵分析和今音学
[编辑]- 押韵 rhyme
 - 叶音 adaptation
 - 韵脚 rhymed sinigram
 - 韵例 rhyming pattern
 - 合韵 mixed rhyming
 - 合辙 rhyme
 - 诗韵 ①rhyraing system for regular poetry; ②rhyming system of the Book of Songs
 - 平水韵 Pingshui rhyming system
 - 词韵 Rhyming system of the Ci poetry
 - 曲韵 rhyming system of the Qu poetry
 - 十三辙 13 vernacular rhyming groups
 - 今音学 middle Chinese phonology
 - 今音 middle Chinese sounds
 - 韵书 rhyme dictionary
 - 韵目 rhyme heading
 - 同用 ①shared rhyme; ②identical application
 - 独用 exclusive rhyme
 - 重韵 chongyun; rhymes with common features but under different headings
 - 小韵 syllable in a rhyme dictionary “纽”。指韵书中声、韵、调完全相同的 字组。
 - 重出小韵 redundant syllable
 - 重紐 redundant syllable in rhyme tables
 - 韵系 rhyme set
 - 四声相承 tonal relation within a rhyme set
 - 反切 fanqie; sinigraphic spelling
 - 被切字 sinigram to be spelt
 - 反切上字 first sinigram in a fanqie
 - 反切下字 second sinigram in a fanqie
 - 又音 another pronunciation
 - 又切 the fanqie for the other pronunciation
 - 倒纽 anti-pronunciation
 - 正纽 normal pronunciation
 - 助纽字 alliterated sinigrams
 - 反切系联法 interconnection method of fanqie
 - 正例 basic principles of the interconnection method
 - 变例 complementary principles of the interconnection method
 - 递用 sequential application
 - 互用 mutual application
 - 韵类 rhyme category
 - 声类 initial cateeory
 
语音通转和古音学
[编辑]- 古音学 old Chinese phonology
 - 古音 old Chinese sounds
 - 古本音 old sound proper
 - 古合韵 mixed rhyming in old Chinese
 - 正声 ①rhyme shifting proper; ②initials proper
 - 变声 ①rhyme shifting additional; ②initials generated
 - 正韵 ①old rhyme proper; ②rhyme categories with proper initials
 - 支韵 ①old riiyme generated; ②rhyme categories with generated
 - 变韵 rhyme generated
 - 韵部 rhyme group
 - 支脂之三分 a hypothesis that the three neighbouring sets of rhymes of zhi,zhi and zhi in qieyun belong to three different rhyme groups in old Chinese
 - 脂微分部 a hypothesis that the rhymes of zhi and wei in qieyun belong to two different rhyme groups in old Chinese
 - 通转 tongzhuan; relation between different phonological categories
 - 对转 duizhuan
 - 阴阳对转 duizhuan between rhymes with nasal and vowel endings
 - 阴入对转 duizlman between rhymes with vowel and stop endings
 - 阳入对转 duizhuan between rhymes with nasal and stop endings
 - 正对转 primary duizhuan
 - 次对转 secondary duizhuan
 - 旁转 pangzhuan
 - 近旁转 near-by pangzhuan
 - 次旁转secondary pangzhuan
 - 谐声 sinigrams with shared phonetic symbol
 - 主谐字 zhuxiezi; sinigram used as the phonetic symbol
 - 被谐字 beixiezi; sinigram using zhuxiezi as the phonetic symbol
 - 谐声系列 phonetic symbol series; sinigrams based on the same phonetic
 - 谐声系统 phonetic symbol system
 - 譬况 description
 - 急声 quick pronunciation
 - 慢声 slow pronunciation
 - 直音 homophone
 
音类演变和对音
[编辑]- 古无轻唇音 a hypothesis that there are no light labials in old Chinese
 - 古无舌上音 a hypothesis that there arc no lflininflls in old Chinese
 - 娘日归泥 a hypothesis that the initial categories of niang and er belong to the category of ni in old Chinese
 - 喻三归厘 a hypothesis that the yu initial at the third division belongs to the xia initial in old Chinese
 - 喻四归定 a hypothesis that the yu initial at the fourth division belongs to the ding initial in old Chinese
 - 三等喻化 a hypothesis that initials of the third division are palatalized
 - 濁音清化 the process of voiced obstruents becoming voiceless
 - 四声一贯 a hypothesis that tonal distinctions are merged in old Chinese verses
 - 古无去声 a hypothec that there h no departing tone category in Old Chinese
 - 濁上變去 rising tone of the sinigrams with voiced initials become departing tone
 - 平分阴阳 ping fen yin yang
 - 入派三声 ru pai san sheng
 - 对音 transcriptions between languages
 - 梵汉对音 Chinese transcription of the Sanskrit words
 - 藏汉对音 Chinese transcription of the old Tibetan words
 - 日汉对音Japanese transcription of the borrowed Chinese words
 - 朝汉对音 Korean transcription of the borrowed Chinese words
 - 越汉对音 Vietnamese transcription of the borrowed Chinese words
 
训诂學
[编辑]总论
[编辑]训诂体式
[编辑]训释
[编辑]训诂所见字、词、句音义关系
[编辑]训诂方法与禁忌
[编辑]计算语言学
[编辑]总论
[编辑]- 计算语言学 computationaninguistics
 - 计算词汇学 computational lexicology
 - 计算语义学 computational semantics
 - 数理语言学 mathematical linguistics
 - 语料库语言学 corpus linguistics
 - 自然语言处理 natural language processing
 - 自然语言理解 natural language understanding
 - 自然语言生成 natural language generation
 - 语言工程 language engineering
 - 人工智能 artificial intelligence
 - 信息论 information theory
 - 本体知识体系 ontology
 
字处理
[编辑]- 汉字信息处理 Chinese character information processing
 - 国标交换码 Chinese national standard code for information interchange
 - 国标区位码 Chinese national standard code by section-position
 - 漢字編碼 Chinese character encoding; Chinese character coding
 - 汉字交换码 Chinese character code for information interchange
 - 汉字内码 Chinese character internal code
 - 汉字字形码 Chinese eharaeter fom code
 - 汉字编码字符集 Chinese character coded set
 - 汉字识别 Chinese character recognition
 - 汉字输入 Chinese character input
 - 汉字输出 Chinese character output
 
词处理
[编辑]- 汉语自动分词 Chinese word segmentation; Chinese word tokenizalion; auto-matic segmentation of Chinese word
 - 分词规范 specification of word segmentation
 - 汉语分词系统 Chinese word segmentation system
 - 分词标记 mark of word segmentation
 - 分词单位 unit of word segmentation
 - 机械分词方法 mechanical segmentation method
 - 最大匹配分词方法 maximum matching segmentation method
 - 正向最大匹配分词方法 forward maximum matching method
 - 反向最大匹配分词方法 backward maximum matching method
 - 未登录词 unregistered word; unlisted word; unknown word
 - 交集型歧义切分字段 overlapping ambiguous segmentation
 - 组合型歧义切分字段 combination ambiguous segmentation
 - 词频 word frequency
 - 词频索引 word frequency index
 - 齐普夫定律 Zipf’s law
 - 词例 word token
 - 词型 word type
 - 词型复现率 repetition rate of word type
 - 型一例比 type-token ratio
 - 词汇差异度 vocabulary diversity
 - 词汇集中度 vocabulary concentration
 - 词长分布 distribution of word length
 - 类属词 generic word
 - 自动形态分析 automatic morphological analysis; automatic lexical analysis
 
句处理
[编辑]- 句法树 syntactic tree
 - 剖析树 parsing tree
 - 标记树 annotated tree; labeled tree
 - 分析器 analyzer
 - 句法分析器 parser
 - 静态属性表 static attribute list
 - 动态属性表 dynamic attribute list
 - 歧义结构 ambiguous structure
 - 歧义消解 disambiguation
 - 基本名词短语 base NP; non-recursive noun phrase
 - 组块分析 chunk parsing;chunking
 - 部分句法分析 partial parsing
 - 浅层分析 shallow parsing
 - 基于规则的方法 rule-based approach
 - 基于统计的方法 statistic-based approach; statistical approach
 
语篇处理
[编辑]- 标准通用置标语言 standard generalized markup language; SGML
 - 超文本置标语言 hypertext markup language; HTML
 - 可扩展置标语言 extensible markup language; XML
 - 文本 text
 
形式化方法
[编辑]- isa关系 isa relation
 - part-of关系 part-of relation
 - 布尔运算符 Boolean operator
 - 巴克斯-诺尔范式 Backus-Naur form; BNF
 - 重写规则 rewriting rules
 - 产生式规则表示法 production rule
 - 产生式语言 production language
 - 递归定义 recursive definition
 - 有向图 directed graph
 - 二叉树 binary tree
 - 顶点 vertex
 - 结点 node
 - 非终极符 non-terminal symbol
 - 终极符 terminal symbol
 - 子结点 child
 - 父结点 father
 - 兄弟结点 sibling
 - 子树 subtree
 - 决策树 decision tree
 - 故事树 story tree
 - 复杂特征 complex features
 - 特征结构 feature structure
 - 概念描述 concept description
 - 概念图 concept graph
 - 槪念网络 conceptual network
 - 框架 frame
 - 槽 slots
 - 框架表示法 frame representation
 - 填充项 filler
 - 离散分布 discrete distribution
 - 命题演算 proposition calculus
 - 模糊集 fuzzy set
 - 模式 pattern
 - 子模式 subpattem
 - 启发式规则 heuristic rule
 - 神经元网络识别法 neural network recognition method
 - 受限语言 restricted language
 - 统计识别方法 statistical recognition method
 - 推导 derivation
 - 推导树 derivative tree
 - 谓词逻辑表示法 predicate logic representation
 - 语言羡余 language redundancy
 - 语义标记 semantic marker
 - 语义基元 semantic primitive
 - 基元动作 primitive acts; primitive actons
 - 语义解释 semantic interpretation
 - 语义模式 semantic pattern
 - 语义网络表示法 semantic network representation
 - 元规则 meta-rule
 - 元知识 meta-knowledge
 - 知识表示 knowledge representation; KR
 - 知识表示系统 knowledge representation system
 - 最大似然估计 maximum likelihood estimator
 
算法
[编辑]- 自底向上句法分析 bottom-up parsing
 - 自顶向下句法分析 top-down parsing
 - 最右派生 right most derivation
 - 最左派生 left most derivation
 - 宽度优先策路 breadth-first strategy
 - 深度优先策略 depth-first strategy
 - 回溯 backtrack
 - 确定性算法 deterministic algorithm
 - 非确定性算法 nondeterministic algorithm
 - 语言归约 language reduction
 - 厄尔利算法 Earley algorithm
 - 富田胜算法 Tomita algorithm
 - 线图 chart
 - 线图句法分析 chart parsing
 - CYK算法 Cocke-Younger-Kasami algorithm
 - 合一算法 unification algorithm; unification
 - 逻辑联结词 logical connectives
 - 合取 conjunction
 - 析取 disjunction
 - 方差 variance
 - 互倍息 mutual information
 - 互熵 cross entropy
 - 隶属度 membership
 - 贝叶斯决策规则 Bayes decision rule
 - 聚类 clustering
 - 聚类中心 cluster center
 - 简单聚类 simple clustering
 - 模糊聚类 fuzzy clustering
 - 匹配 matching
 - 模式匹配 pattern matching
 - 启发式搜索 heuristic search
 - 评价函数 evaluation function
 - 特征抽取 feature extraction
 - 特征函数 feature function
 - 特征向呈 feature vector
 - 期望 expectation
 - 先验概率 prior probability
 - 数据平滑 data smoolhing
 - 数据稀疏 data sparseness
 - 转移概率矩阵 transtion-probability matrix
 - 维特比算法 Viterbi algorithm
 - 向后算法 backward algorithm
 - 向内算法 inside algorithm
 - 向前算法 forward algorithm
 - 向外算法 outside algorithm
 - 词汇驱动 lexicon-driven
 - 文法驱动 grammar-driven
 - 数据驱动 data-driven
 - 目标驱动 goal-driven
 - 事件驱动 event-driven
 
理论和模型
[编辑]- 乔姆斯基层级 Chomskian hierarchy
 - 非限制文法 unrestricted grarmmar
 - 上下文有关文法 context-sensitive grammar
 - 上下文无关文法 context-free grammar
 - 正则文法 regular grammar
 - 正则语言 regular language
 - 定子句语法 definite clause grammar
 - 短语结构语法 phrase structure grammar
 - 概率上下文无关文法 probabilistic context free grammar
 - 属性语法 attribute grammar
 - 概率语法 probabilistic grammar
 - 功能合一语法 functional unification grammar
 - 基于合—的语法 unification-basecJ grammar
 - 框架语义学 frame semantics
 - 数理逻辑语义学 logical and math-ematical semantics
 - 算子语法 operator grammar
 - 概念依存理论 conceptual dependency theory
 - 有限状态转移网络 finite state transition network; FSTN
 - 递归转移网络 recursive transition network; RTN
 - 扩充转移网络 augmented transition network; ATN
 - 链语法 link grammar
 - 逻辑语法 logic grammar
 - 外位语法 extraposition grammar
 - 树邻接语法 tree adjoining grammar
 - 优选语义学 preference semantics
 - 语义语法 semantie grammar
 - 语言串理论 linguistic string theory
 - 神经网络 neural net
 - 语言的随机模型 stochastic model of language
 - n元模型 n-gram model
 - 马尔可夫链模型 Markov-chain model
 - 隐马尔可夫模型 hidden Markov model
 - 元理论 meta-theory
 - 元语法 meta-grammar
 - 原型 prototype
 - 知识模型 knowledge model
 - 内涵逻辑 intensional logic
 - 自动机 automaton
 
应用系统
[编辑]- 人机界面 man-machine interface
 - 问答系统 question answering system
 - 专家系统 expert system
 - 倍息提取 information extraction
 - 命名实体 named entity
 - 命名实体识别 named ehtity recognization
 - 信息过滤 information filtering
 - 搜索引擎 search engine
 - 自动分类 automatic classifying
 - 自动检索 automatic retrieval
 - 自动索引 automatic indexing
 - 自动文摘 automatic text summarization; automatic abstraction
 - 文本检索 text retrieval
 - 文本分类 text classification; text categorization
 - 文本挖掘 text mining
 - 文本校对 text proofreading
 - 文本-语音转换 text to speech; TTS
 - 语音-文本转换 speech-text transfer
 - 信息检索 information retrieval
 - 检索系统 retrieval system
 - 跨语言信息检索 cross-language in-formation retrieval
 - 查询 query
 - 标引 indexing
 - 自动标引 automatic indexing
 - 主题标引 subject indexing
 - 组配标引 coordinate indexing
 - 加权标引 weighted indexing
 - 主題词 subject term
 - 主题词表 thesaurus
 - 主题检索 subject retrieval
 - F值 F-measure
 - 停用词 stop words
 - 模式识别 pattern recognition
 - 精确率 precision; labeled precision
 - 识别率 recognition rate
 - 拒识率 rejection rate
 - 误识率 error rate
 - 召回率 recall; labeled recall
 - 知识工程 knowledge engineering
 - 知识获取 knowledge acquisition
 - 机器学习 machine learning
 - 参爱学习 parameter learning
 - 类比学习 learning by analogy
 - 有指导学习 supervised learning
 - 无指导学习 unsupervised learning
 - 预处理 preprocessing
 - 后处理 postprocessing
 
机器翻译
[编辑]- 机器翻译 machine translation; MT
 - 基于规则的机器翻译 rule-based machine translation; RBMT
 - 基于实例的机器翻译 example-based machine translation; EBMT
 - 统计机器翻译 statistical machine translation; SMT
 - 机助人译 machine-aided human translation
 - 人助机译 human-aided machine translation
 - 翻译记忆 translation memory
 - 语言对 language pair
 - 源语分析 source language analysis
 - 目标语生成 target language generation
 - 中间语 interlingua; intermediate language
 - 中间语言法 interiingua approach
 - 忠实度 fidelity
 - 可懂度 intelligibility
 - 转换法 transfer approach
 - 转换词典 transfer dictionary
 
语言资源
[编辑]- 语言知识库 language knowledge base
 - 语料库 corpus
 - 平衡语料库 balanced corpus
 - 双语语料库 bilingual corpus
 - 术语库 terminology bank
 - 树库 tree bank
 - 机器词典 machine dictionary
 - 语乂词典 semantic dictionary
 - 用户词典 user specific dictionary
 - 词典结构 dictionary configuration
 - 词典信息 dictionary information
 - 词型和词例关系 relation between type and token
 - 词义自动标注 word sense tagging
 - 语法标注 grammatical tagging
 - 词性标注 part of sppech tagging
 - 文本对齐 lexical alignment; bilingual alignment
 - 测试集 test set
 - 训练集 training set
 - 抽样 sampling
 - 样本量 sample size
 
社会语言学
[编辑]总论
[编辑]- 社会语言学 sociolinguistics
 - 互动社会语言学 interactional sociolinguistics
 - 宏观社会语言学 macro-sociolinguistics
 - 微观社会语言学 micro-sociolinguistics
 - 城市方言学 urban dialectology
 - 双语学 bilingual studies
 - 语言社会学 sociology of language
 - 交际民族志学 ethnography of communication
 - 语言社会心理学 social psychology of language
 - 会话分析学 conversation analysis
 
语言变异
[编辑]- 变异 variation
 - 变异形式(变异体,变素) variant
 - 社会变异 social variation
 - 区域性变异 regional variation
 - 语言项目(语项) linguistic item
 - 语言变项(语言变量) language variable
 - 社会变项 social variable
 - 社会分布 social distribution
 - 语言变体 language variety; linguistic variety
 - 地域变体 regional variety
 - 言语共同体(言语社区,言语社群,言语社团) speech community
 - 言语群体 speech group
 - 社会语言标记 sociolinguistic marker
 - 社会差别标志 social differentiator
 - 社会方言 social dialect; sociolect
 - 城市语特征 urbanism
 - 标准变体 standard variety
 - 非标准变体 nonstandard variety; substandard variety
 - 分层(层化) stratification
 - 性别差异 gender differences
 - 女国音 female accent
 - 女书
 - 代别(代差) generation differences
 - 年龄差异 age differences
 - 敬语 honorific
 - 正式语体 formal style
 - 非正式语体(随便语体) informal style; casual style
 - 商议语体(咨询语体) consultative style
 - 亲切语体 intimate style
 - 固定语体(礼仪语体) frozen style
 - 场合语体(场景语体) contextual style
 - 雅化语体 modified speech
 - 粗俗词语 vulgarism
 - 幼儿话语 baby talk
 - 语域 register
 - 隐语 secret dialect
 - 黑话 argot
 - 异质有序 ordered heterogeneity
 - 显现变项 indicator
 - 标记变项(标志变项) marker
 - 成见变项 stereotype
 - 未意识变化 change from below
 - 意识变化 change from above
 - 进行中变化 change in progress
 - 社会网络 social network
 - 网络密度 network density
 - 网络力度 network strength
 - 交际密度 density of communication
 - 观察者悖论 observer's paradox
 - 快速隐匿观察法 rapid and anonymous observation
 - 参与观察法(参与性观察) participant observation
 - 言语反应测验 speech reaction test
 - 最小对测试 minimal pair test
 - 显性声望 overt prestige
 - 隐性声望 covert prestige
 - 语义区分量表(语义鉴别量表) semantic differential scales
 - 自我评价测验 self-evaluation test
 - 配对变语测试法 matched-guise technique
 - 变项规则 variable rule
 - 绝对规则 categorical rule
 - 超越模式 crossover pattern
 - 年龄级差 age-grading
 - 共时变异 synchronic variation
 - 历时变异 diachronic variation
 - 真实时间 real time
 - 显象时间 apparent time
 - 语言演变 language change
 - 起因 actuation
 - 制约因素 constraint
 - 过渡阶段transition
 - 嵌入 embedding
 - 评价 evaluation
 - 语言分化 language divergence
 - 语言相对论 linguistic relativity
 - 语言缺陷论 deficit hypothesis
 
言语交际
[编辑]- 社会语境 social context
 - 情景 situation
 - 话题 topic
 - 参与者 participant
 - 场所 setting
 - 角色关系 role relationship
 - 权势关系(强势关系) power
 - 同等关系(一致关系) solidarity
 - 角色指令 role instruction
 - 协调情景 congruent situation
 - 得体性 appropriateness
 - 同现规则 co-occurrence rule
 - 选用规则 alternation rule
 - 场域(语言应用领域) domain
 - 语库(言语能力库) verbal repertoire
 - 语码(语言代码) linguistic code
 - 语码转换 code-switching
 - 情景型语码转换 situational code-switching
 - 喻意型语码转换 metaphorical code-switching
 - 语码混合 code-mixing
 - 语境化暗示(语境线索) contextualization cue
 - 语境意义 situated meaning
 - 普遍礼貌特征 universals of politeness
 - 礼貌策略 politeness strategy
 - 消极礼貌策略 negative politeness strategy
 - 积极礼貌策略 positive politeness strategy
 - 消极面子 negative face
 - 积极面子 positive face
 - 交际能力 communicative competence
 - 言语顺应理论(交际调适理论) speech accommodation theory
 - 言语行为 speech act
 - 间接言语行为 indirect speech act
 - 合作原则 cooperative principle
 - 会话隐含 conversational implicature
 - 发话人 sender
 - 会话分祈 conversational analysis
 - 话轮 turn
 - 话轮转换 turn-taking
 - 邻接对 adjacency pair
 - 言语事件 speech event
 - 寒喧交谈 phatic communion
 - 伴随语言特征(副语言特征) paralinguistic feature
 - 临时词 nonce-word
 - 言语交际 verbal communication
 - 非言语交际 nonverbal communication
 - 会话风格 conversational style
 - 会话投入 conversational involvernment
 - 解读框架 frame
 
语言接触与双语
[编辑]- 双语现象 bilingualism
 - 多语现象 multingualism
 - 双语人 bilingual
 - 多语人 multilingual
 - 单语人 monolingual
 - 双方言现象 bidialectism
 - 多方言现象 multidialectism
 - 双语读写能力 biliterate
 - 双言制(双言现象) diglossia
 - 多言制(多言现象) polyglossia
 - 高变体 high variety
 - 低变体 low variety
 - 超方言变体 superposed variety
 - 少数民族语言 minority language
 - 多数人语言 majority language
 - 少数族裔语言 minor language
 - 语言优势 language dominance
 - 强势语言(优势语言) prestige language
 - 弱势语言 nonpcestige language
 - 强势方言 prestige dialect
 - 弱势方言 nonprestige dialect
 - 土著语言(原住民语) indigenous language
 - 社区语言(社团语言) community language
 - 言语岛 speech island
 - 地方话 local dialect
 - 本地话(土话) vernacular
 - 方言化 dialectalization
 - 非方言化 de-dialectalization
 - 语言接触 language contact
 - 方言借用(内部借用) dialect-borrowing
 - 半借词 loan blend
 - 借词音变 loan shift
 - 语言混合 hybridization
 - 混合语 mixed language
 - 接触语 contact language
 - 皮钦语 pidgin
 - 克里奥尔语(民族混合语) creole
 - 克里奥尔语演化连续体 post-creole continuum
- 高势语 acrolect,低势语 basilect,中势语 mesolect
 
 - 并合语 split language
 - 底层语言 substratum
 - 表层语言 superstratum
 - 本土化 indigenization
 - 母语 mother tongue
 - 族际通用语(交际媒介语) lingua franca
 - 国际语言 international language
 - 世界语 Esperanto
 - 语言共同体(语言社区)language community
 - 语言保持(语言维护)language maintenance
 - 语言转用(语言替换)language shift
 - 语言忠诚 language loyalty
 - 语言丧失 language loss
 - 语言同化 linguistic assimilation
 - 活语言 living language
 - 濒危语言 endangered language
 - 语言消亡 language death
 - 语言融合 language blending
 - 语言联盟 language union
 
语言规划与语言教育
[编辑]- 语言规划 language planning
 - 语言地位规划 status planning
 - 语言本体规划 corpus planning
 - 语言声望规划 language prestige planning
 - 语言标准化 language standardization
 - 标准语 standard langnage
 - 内源规范 endonormative
 - 外来规范 exonomative
 - 语言规范化 language normalization
 - 语文现代化 language modernization
 - 语言选择 language choice
 - 族内语 endoglossic
 - 族外语 exoglossic
 - 部分族外语 part-exoglossic
 - 通用语 common language
 - 普通话 Putonghua
 - 官方语言 official language
 - 国语 national language
 - 语言状况 language situation
 - 语言政策 language policy
 - 语言法 language law
 - 语言权 language rights
 - 群体语言权 group language rights
 - 个体语言权 individual language rights
 - 语言歧视 language discrimination
 - 语言认同 language identity
 - 语言复兴 language revival
 - 语言活力 language vitality
 - 语言技能 language skills
 - 第一语言 first language
 - 第二语言 second language
 - 外国语 foreign language
 - 目的语 target language
 - 工具型动机 instrumental motivation
 - 融合型动机(整合动机,归附动机) integrative motivation
 - 附加性双语现象(增益性双语现象) additive bilingualism
 - 缩减性双语现象(消戒性双语现象) substractive bilingualism
 - 生产性双语现象 productive bilingualism
 - 语言产业 language industry
 - 语言服务 language service
 - 语言市场 language market
 - 语言冲突 language conflict
 - 语言态度(语言观念) language attitude
 
民族语言学
[编辑]总论
[编辑]汉藏语系
[编辑]藏缅语族
[编辑]- 藏缅语族 Tibeto-Burman group
 
藏语支
[编辑]景颇语支
[编辑]- 景颇语支 Jingpo branch
 - 景颇语 Jingpo language
 - 格曼语 Geman language
 - 达让语 Darang language
 - 独龙语 Dulong language
 - 阿侬语 Anong language
 
彝语支
[编辑]- 彝语支 Yi branch
 - 彝语 Yi language
 - 哈尼语 Hani langnage
 - 傈僳语 Lisu langnage
 - 拉祜语 Lahu language
 - 纳西语 Naxi language
 - 基诺语 Jinuo language
 - 喀卓语 Kazhuo language
 - 桑孔语 Sangkong langnage
 - 毕苏语 Bisu language
 - 怒苏语 Nusu language
 - 柔若语 Rouruo language
 
缅语支
[编辑]- 缅语支 Burmese branch
 - 载瓦语 Zaiwa language
 - 阿昌语 Achang language
 - 浪速语 Langsu language
 - 勒期语 Leqi language
 - 波拉语 Bola language
 - 仙岛语 Xiandao language
 
羌语支
[编辑]- 羌语支 Qiang branch
 - 羌语 Qiang language
 - 嘉戎语 rGyarong language
 - 普米语 Pumi language
 - 尔龚语(道孚语) Ergong language
 - 却域语 Queyu language
 - 扎坝语 Zhaba Ianguaage
 - 木雅语 Muya language
 - 尔苏语 Ersu language
 - 史兴语 Shixing language
 - 贵琼语 Guiqiong language
 - 纳木依语(鱼通话) Namuyi language
 
语支未定
[编辑]苗瑶语族
[编辑]- 苗瑶语族 Miao-Yao group
 
苗语支
[编辑]- 苗语支 Miao (Hmong) branch
 - 苗语 Miao (Hmong) language
 - 布努语 Bunu language
 - 巴哼语 Baheng language
 - 炯奈语 Jiongnai language
 
瑶语支
[编辑]畲语支
[编辑]壮侗语族
[编辑]- 壮侗语族 Zhuang-Dong group
 
壮傣语支
[编辑]- 壮傣语支(台语支) Zhuang-Dai branch
 - 壮语 Zhuang language
 - 布依语 Bouyei language
 - 傣语 Dai language
 - 临高语 Lingao language
 
侗水语支
[编辑]- 侗水语支 Dong-Sui branch
 - 侗语 Dong language
 - 水语 Sui language
 - 仫佬语 Mulam language
 - 毛南语 Maonan language
 - 拉珈语 Lajia language
 - 佯僙语 Yanghuang language
 - 莫语 Mo language
 
黎语支
[编辑]仡央语支
[编辑]- 仡央语支 Ge-Yang branch
 - 仡佬语 Gelao language
 - 木佬语 Mulao language
 - 拉基语 Laji language
 - 布央语 Buyang language
 - 普标语 Pubiao language
 - 布干语 Bugan language
 
阿尔泰语系
[编辑]- 阿尔泰语系 Altaic family
 
突厥语族
[编辑]- 突厥语族 Turkic group
 
东匈语支
[编辑]西匈语支
[编辑]- 西匈语支 Westem Huns branch
 - 维吾尔语 Uighur language
 - 哈萨克语 Kazak language
 - 乌孜别克语 Uzbek language
 - 撒拉语 Salar language
 - 塔塔尔语 Tatar language
 
蒙古语族
[编辑]- 蒙古语族 Mongolian Group
 - 蒙古语 Mongolian language
 - 东乡语 Dongxiang language
 - 土族语 Tu language
 - 达斡尔语 Daur language
 - 保安语 Bao'an language
 - 东部裕固语 Eastern Yugor language
 - 康家语 Kangjia language
 
满-通古斯语族
[编辑]- 满-通古斯语族(通古斯语族) Manchu-Tungusic Group
 
满语支
[编辑]通古斯语支
[编辑]南亚语系
[编辑]- 南亚语系 Austern-Asiatic family
 
孟-高棉语族
[编辑]- 孟-高棉语族 Mon-Khmer group
 
佤-德昂语支
[编辑]- 佤-德昂语支 Wa-De'angic branch
 - 佤语 Wa language
 - 布朗语 Bulang language
 - 德昂语 De'ang language
 - 克木语 Kemu language
 - 克蔑语 Kemie language
 - 布兴语 Buxing language
 
越芒语族
[编辑]南岛语系
[编辑]- 南岛语系(马来-波利尼西亚语系) Austronesian family
 - 泰耶尔语 Atayal language
 - 赛德克语 Sedeq language
 - 邹语 Tsou language
 - 沙阿鲁阿语 Saaroa language
 - 卡那卡那富语 Kanakanavu language
 - 排湾语 Paiwan language
 - 卑南语 Puyuma language
 - 雅美语(达悟语) Yami language
 - 邵语 Thao laoguage
 - 噶玛兰语 Kavalan language
 - 巴则海语 Pazeh language
 
印欧语系
[编辑]朝鲜语
[编辑]- 朝鲜语 Kocean language
 
文字
[编辑]- 八思巴文 Phags-pa script
 - 白文 Bai writing
 - 察合台文(老维吾尔文) Chagatay script
 - 东巴文 Tomba script
 - 哥巴文 Geba script
 - 尔苏沙巴文 Ersu script
 - 回鹘文(回纥文) Uighur script
 - 女真文 Jurchen script
 - 契丹文 Khitan script
 - 满文 Manchu script
 - 佉卢字 Kharosthi alphabet
 - 焉耆-龟兹文(吐火罗文) Tocharian script
 - 粟特文(窣利文) Sogdian language
 - 水书 Sui script
 - 古突厥文(鄂尔浑-叶尼塞文) Turkic script
 - 西夏文 Xixia script
 - 托忒文 Todorkhai Mongol
 - 布依文 Bouyei writing
 - 谚文 Korean writing
 - 傣文 Dai writing
 - 侗文 Dong w1iting
 - 俄罗斯文 Russian writing
 - 哈尼文 Hani writing
 - 哈萨克文 Kazak writing
 - 景颇文 Jingpo writing
 - 柯尔克孜文 Kirgiz writing
 - 拉祜文 Lahu writing
 - 傈僳文 Lisu writing
 - 黎文 Li writing
 - 蒙古文 Mongolian writing
 - 苗文 Miao writing
 - 纳西文 Naxi writing
 - 土文 Monguor writing
 - 佤文 Wa writing
 - 乌孜别克文 Uzbek writing
 - 维吾尔文 Uighur writing
 - 锡伯文 Xibo writing
 - 瑶文 Yao writing
 - 彝文 Yi writing
 - 于阗文 Khotan script
 - 藏文 Tibetan writing
 - 载瓦文 Zaiwa writing
 - 壮文 Zhuang writing
 - 羌文 Qiang writing