Talaud language
| Talaud | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Talaud Islands, North Sulawesi |
Native speakers | (82,000 cited 2000 census)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tld |
| Glottolog | tala1285 |
  Talaud  Talaud | |
| Coordinates: 4°07′N 126°48′E / 4.12°N 126.80°E | |
Talaud is an Austronesian language spoken on the Talaud Islands north of Sulawesi, Indonesia. There are 2 dialects, namely the Lami dialect (which is spoken on Miangas, Nanusa Islands, and Esang in the northern part of Karakelong Island) and the Tirawata dialect (which is used in Lirung, Kabaruan, and the southern part of Karakelong Island).[2]
Miangas is actually a subdialect, but more different from its main dialect, Lami.[2]
Phonology
[edit]Consonants
[edit]| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | (c) | k | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ||||
| affricate | tʃ | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
| Fricative | β | s | ʐ | (ʃ) | ɣ | h | |
| Rhotic | trill | r | |||||
| tap | ɾ | ||||||
| Lateral | l | ||||||
| Approximant | w | ||||||
- /tʃ/ can be heard as a palatal stop [c], depending on the dialect.
- The velar fricative sound /ɣ/ may also be pronounced as voiceless [x].[3]
- /ʃ/ is only found in some dialects of Kaburuan Island. It corresponds to /ʐ/ in most other dialects.[3]
Vowels
[edit]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
References
[edit]- ^ Talaud at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b Kembuan, L.D.; Sampouw, T.; Inkiriwang, J.; Terok, D.; Roring, M. (1986). Struktur Dialek Miangas (PDF) (in Indonesian) (1 ed.). Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
- ^ a b Utsumi 2016.
Further reading
[edit]- Bawole, G. (1981). Struktur Bahasa Talaud (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departmen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan – via Laboratorium Kebinekaan Bahasa dan Sastra.
- Utsumi, Atsuko (2013). "Talaud Verbs: Paradigm of Basic Verbs". Tokyo University Linguistic Papers. 33: 319–361. doi:10.15083/00027520.
- Utsumi, Atsuko (2016). "A Dialectal Study of Talaud: Dialectal Classification and a Comparative Word List". Bulletin of Meisei University. Department of Japanese and Comparative Culture, School of Humanities. 24: 163(37)–135(70).
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