帮助:引文格式1

引文格式1模板

{{Cite arXiv}}	arXiv预印本
{{Cite AV media}}	影音媒体
{{Cite AV media notes}}	影音媒体内页说明
{{Cite bioRxiv}}	bioRxiv预印本
{{Cite book}}	书籍
{{Cite citeseerx}}	CiteSeerX论文
{{Cite conference}}	会议论文
{{Cite encyclopedia}}	引用百科全书的资料
{{Cite episode}}	广播和电视节目
{{Cite interview}}	访谈
{{Cite journal}}	学术期刊
{{Cite magazine}}	杂志和期刊
{{Cite mailing list}}	公共邮件列表
{{Cite map}}	地图
{{Cite news}}	新闻报导
{{Cite newsgroup}}	线上新闻群组
{{Cite podcast}}	播客
{{Cite press release}}	新闻稿
{{Cite report}}	报告
{{Cite serial}}	广播和电视节目系列
{{Cite sign}}	标志、匾额、铭牌或徽章
{{Cite speech}}	演讲
{{Cite ssrn}}	SSRN论文
{{Cite techreport}}	技术报告
{{Cite thesis}}	学位论文
{{Cite tweet}}	Twitter推文
{{Cite web}}	上述模板未包含的其他网路资料
参见	页面讯息模板 引用模板

引文格式1（CS1）是一组参考文献引用模板的集合，可为不同引用材料创建不同的样式。其目的是为维基百科上的参考文献提供一组默认格式。该系列模板使用了Module:Citation/CS1模块。

使用CS1或模板并非强制要求。

样式

有许多模板都以cite开头，但它们并非都符合引文格式1。还有一些模板使用通用模板作为元模板来引用特定来源。

符合引文格式1要求的模板必须满足以下条件：

• 基于Module:Citation/CS1模块或下列模板之一。
• 使用半角句号区分各成分，并标记引用的结束。
• 使用半角分号区分各独立作者名及编者名。

模板工作原理

CS1模板通常以下列格式呈现引文：

有作者

作者. 标题. 作品 (出版商). n.d.: x. 标识符. 

无作者

标题. 作品 (出版商). n.d.: x. 标识符. 

（其中“n.d.”也可以是符合格式手册要求的其他有效日期格式）

作者

您可以通过将作者的名和姓填入模板参数来添加作者信息。添加单个作者时，使用|last=和|first=参数。如果引用来源有多个作者，则使用|last2=和|first2=、|last3=和|first3=等参数。为了与其他编号参数保持一致，也可使用|last1=和|first1=，如下例所示：

• {{cite book |last1=Hawking |first1=Stephen |last2=Hawking |first2=Lucy |title=George's Secret Key to the Universe}}
• Hawking, Stephen; Hawking, Lucy. George's Secret Key to the Universe. 

当“first”和“last”不适用于来源作者时，可使用|author=和|authorn=参数。编辑者信息可使用单独的姓氏和名字参数。第一位编辑使用|editor-last=和|editor-first=；后续编辑使用|editor2-last=和|editor2-first=、|editor3-last=和|editor3-first=等。类似于|author=参数，您也可以使用|editor=和|editorn=来引用编辑者。当引用包含不同作者撰写的多个章节的来源时，可以同时使用作者和编辑者参数。

如果引用来源没有注明作者（常见于新闻通讯稿、新闻稿或公司网站），请使用：|author=<!--未注明-->

引文 来源	CS1标记	CS1输出	简短引文
使用姓氏的作者和编辑者	{{cite book |title=Title |chapter=Chapter |last=Last |first=First |editor-first=Editor-First |editor-last=Editor‐Last |date=1999}}	Last, First. Chapter. Editor‐Last, Editor-First (编). Title. 1999.	Last 1999
作者和编辑者	{{cite book |title=Title |chapter=Chapter |author=Author |editor=Editor |date=1999}}	Author. Chapter. Editor (编). Title. 1999.	Author 1999
仅作者	{{cite book |title=Title |author=Author |date=1998}}	Author. Title. 1998.	Author 1998
有编辑者但无作者	{{cite book |title=Title |editor=Editor |date=1999}}	Editor (编). Title. 1999.	Editor 1999
两者皆无	{{cite book |title=Title |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1999 |ref={{sfnref|''Title''|1999}}}}	Title. 1999.	Title 1999

日期

年份或完整日期可填入|date=参数。可接受的格式请参见MOS:DATE。当来源没有出版日期时，使用|date=n.d.。若同一作者在同一年份有多部作品，可在日期参数（|date=1997-07-04b）或年份参数（|year=1997b）后附加小写字母加以区分。

标题与章节

• title：引用来源的标题。若引用来源本身具有知名度且有维基百科条目，可为标题添加内部链接。但添加内部链接后将无法使用“url”参数链接到外部来源，因此仅当引用无需外部链接的作品时才这样做。优先链接实际来源而非维基百科条目。
• script-title：用于非拉丁文字标题（日文、韩文、阿拉伯文、西里尔文、希腊文、希伯来文等）。该参数会将RTL文字用特殊HTML标记包裹以隔离左右混排文本，其中包含浏览器用于正确显示文字的语言属性。编者须在文字前添加支持的语言代码前缀和冒号：|script-title=ar:العربية。无法识别的代码将被忽略并直接显示。
• trans-title：若引用来源为外文，可在此提供标题的中文翻译。该字段会显示在标题后的方括号内，若使用|url=参数则会一并链接。
• chapter：引用章节的完整标题，显示在书名前。对于分栏的网站，“at”参数功能类似：|at=精选新闻
• script-chapter：非拉丁字母书写的章节标题处理方式同script-title，需添加语言代码前缀：|script-chapter=ar:العربية。
• trans-chapter：外文来源章节标题的中文翻译，显示在章节字段后的方括号中。

包含特殊字符的标题需替换或编码才能正确显示和链接：

字符	必须替换为
换行符	空格
[	[
]	]
|	|

|script-<param>= 语言代码

cs1|2支持的非拉丁文字语言代码包括：

类型

• type：指定引用作品的类型。紧接在标题后以括号形式显示。某些模板使用可覆盖的默认值；例如：{{cite press release}}默认会显示“(新闻稿)”。

语言

• language：来源使用的语言（可接受逗号分隔的多语言列表），推荐使用ISO 639语言代码或完整语言名称。例如：|language=ru；|lang=fr, pt-br。请勿使用模板或内部链接。显示在括号内。使用被引文模块识别的语言会将页面归入Category:CS1外文来源相应子分类。别名：in

作品与出版商

• work: Used by some templates such as {{cite web}} (where it is aliased to website), {{cite news}} (aliased to newspaper), {{cite magazine}} (aliased to magazine), {{cite journal}} (aliased to journal), and others where the citation is usually to a specific item (given in the "title" parameter) found in a larger work (this "work" parameter), most commonly an article in a website or print periodical, or an episode in a TV series. Do not confuse this with the "publisher" parameter, which is for the publishing company. If the work is notable and has an article in Wikipedia, it should be wiki-linked at first appearance in citations in the article. If the "title" is already linked-to externally, do not externally link to the "work". If the work title as given by the site/publication would be exactly or substantially the same as the name of the publisher, do not use the "publisher" parameter (see below for more detail).

On websites, in most cases "work" is the name of the website (as usually given in the logo/banner area of the site, and/or appearing in the <title> of the homepage, which may appear as the page title in your browser tab, depending on browser). Do not append ".com" or the like if the site's actual title does not include it (thus |work=[[Salon (magazine)|Salon]], not Salon.com). If no clear title can be identified, or the title explicitly is the domain name, then use the site's domain name. Do not falsify the work's name by adding descriptive verbiage like "Website of [Publisher]" or "[Publisher]'s Homepage". Capitalize for reading clarity, and omit "www.", e.g. convert "www.veterinaryresourcesuk.com" to "VeterinaryResourcesUK.com".

Many journals use highly abbreviated titles when citing other journals (e.g. J. Am. Vet. Med. for Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association) because specialists in the field the journal covers usually already know what these abbreviations mean. Our readers usually do not, so these abbreviations should always be expanded.

If the titled item being cited is part of some other larger work, as in a book in a series, a special issue of a periodical, or a sub-site at a domain (e.g., you are citing the law school's section of a university's website system), it is usually better to use the name of that more specific work than just that of the entire larger work. Various citation templates provide separate fields for such information, e.g. |chapter=|title=|volume=|series= in {{Cite book}}. If the nature of the work and its relation to the site, book, or other context in which it is found is complicated or confusing, simply explain the situation after the citation template and before the </ref> that closes the citation.

• publisher: the name of the organization that actually published the source. The field should not include the corporate designation such as "Ltd" or "Inc.", unless some ambiguity would result or the organization is usually known with that designation even in everyday use (e.g. Apple Inc., which otherwise might be confused with Apple Records and other publishers). "Publisher", "Publishing" and "Publications" can be abbreviated "Pubr.", "Pubg." and "Pubs." respectively, but some templates in this series include a period (full-stop) immediately after this parameter, so the period may have to be omitted; check the output if you abbreviate here. They are usually safe to omit, but are usefully included where the publisher's name might be confusing without it. This is most often the case when the publisher's name is something like "Joshua Martin Publications", which without the designation might be mistaken for a co-author/editor. A leading "The" can generally be omitted, again unless confusion might result (e.g., for The International Cat Association, "The" is part of their official acronym, TICA). If the publisher is notable and has an article independent of the "work", the "publisher" parameter can include a wiki-link to that article, but should never externally link to the publisher's website. Whether the publisher needs to be included depends to an extent on the type of work and sometimes on its recognizability. WP:Citing sources, and most off-Wikipedia citation guides, suggest that it should be used for books (even famous ones), but not necessarily other works. The "publisher" parameter should not be included for widely-known mainstream news sources, for major academic journals, or where it would be the same or mostly the same as the work. For example, the "publisher" parameter should be omitted in these examples:

  |work=[[Amazon.⁠com]]|publisher=Amazon Inc.

  |newspaper=The Aberdeen Times|publisher=The Aberdeen Times

  |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|publisher=The New York Times Company

  |newspaper=[[USA Today]]|publisher=[[Gannett Company]]

  |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|publisher=[[Nature Research]]

If the work is self-published, this is a very important fact about potential reliability of the source, and needs to be specified; no consensus exists for the exact value of |publisher= in such a case, but some printed style guides suggest "author", while many Wikipedia editors have used "self-published" for increased clarity. When an exhaustive attempt to discover the name of the publisher (try whois for websites, and WorldCat for books, etc.) fails, use |publisher=<!--Unspecified by source.--> to explicitly indicate that this was checked, so other editors do not waste time duplicating your fruitless efforts. Do not guess at the publisher when this information is not clear. See next entry for co-published works and how to specify multiple publishers and their locations.

• location (alias |publication-place=): Geographical place of publication (not where you found your copy, nor location of material in the source). This is usually City, Country, or City, US State. The city name by itself can be used for world-recognized cities like New York, London (except in articles about Canadian topics), Paris, Tokyo. Simply having a unique name does not mean it is globally recognizable; e.g., many people do not know where Mumbai is, especially if they are old enough that it was called Bombay for much of their lives. If in doubt, be more not less specific, since "Toronto, Canada" and "San Francisco, California" do not actually hurt anything. Be more specific when a City, Country would be ambiguous, e.g. |location=Hanley, Staffordshire, UK, versus |location=Hanley, Worcestershire, UK. Do not use sub-national postal abbreviations ("DE", "Wilts", etc.), per MOS:POSTABBR. The location parameter should be omitted when it is implied by the name of the work, e.g. The Sydney Morning Herald. The location parameter should be used when the location is part of a common appellation of but not the actual title of a periodical. For example, the newspaper formerly known as and sometimes still called the San Jose Mercury News is actually The Mercury News and can be entered with |newspaper=The Mercury News |location=San Jose, Calif., which yields: The Mercury News. San Jose, Calif. A similar example is The Times of London (contrast The New York Times). Per WP:SAYWHEREYOUGOTIT, provide the location of the edition you are using (e.g., if a publisher has operations in both New York and London and you have the London-published edition, use |location=London, even if the publisher's corporate HQ is in New York). If your edition specifically gives multiple locations, this can be indicated with, e.g., |location=New York / London. This same technique can be used for co-published works, e.g.: |location=Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois / Los Angeles|publisher=[[Council of Science Editors]] / [[Loyola Marymount University]] Press; just get them in corresponding order in both parameters. The templates do not have separate |location1=, |publisher1=, etc., parameters. For historical publications that are still worth citing and still findable (e.g. via book digitizers – see the "via" parameter below), do not confuse the printer (printing press owner-operator) with the publisher (organization or person that sponsored the work); an edition may have a printer's name in larger type than the publisher, but for citation purposes we care about the publisher. If the distinction cannot be determined for certain in a particular case, list both. While some off-site publishers lean toward omitting publishing locations, they can serve more than purely bibliographical purposes on Wikipedia (e.g. an overabundance of material published in one place in an article about another place may reveal an editorial bias).
• publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if date or year are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.
• via (optional): Name of the content deliverer (when they are not the publisher). "via" is not a replacement for "publisher", but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer presents the source in a format other than the original, or when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, or as suggested in WP:The Wikipedia Library, e.g. WP:Credo accounts/Citations. See also § Registration or subscription required. Typical uses of this parameter are identification of a book-scanning and -databasing project such as those provided by the Internet Archive, Project Gutenberg, and Google Books; journal indexing and search services through which we commonly find academic articles, e.g. PubMed Central, Paperity, and JSTOR; and other aggregators or indexers of previously-published content, such as Dictionary.com. Use via only when a standard identifier cannot be used (see § Identifiers). Example: {{Cite dictionary |entry=skeptic |entry-url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/skeptic?s=t#collins-section |title=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |edition=Complete & Unabridged Digital |date=2012 |location=London |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |via=[[Dictionary.com]] |access-date=29 5月 2025}}

页码

CS1/CS2 template support for
|volume=, |issue=, |page(s)=

Template	|volume=	|issue=	|page(s)=	|quote-page(s)=
{{citation}}	是	是	是	是
{{cite arXiv}}	否	否	是	是
{{cite AV media}}	是	否	否	否
{{cite AV media notes}}	否	否	是	是
{{cite bioRxiv}}	否	否	是	是
{{cite book}}	是	否	是	是
{{cite citeseerx}}	否	否	是	是
{{cite conference}} (as a book)	否	否	是	是
{{cite conference}} (as a journal)	是	是	是	是
{{cite encyclopedia}}	是	否	是	是
{{cite episode}}	否	是	否	否
{{cite interview}}	是	是	是	是
{{cite journal}}	是	是	是	是
{{cite magazine}}	是	是	是	是
{{cite mailing list}}	否	否	否	否
{{cite map}} (as book)	是	否	是	是
{{cite map}} (as journal or magazine)	是	是	是	是
{{cite news}}	是	是	是	是
{{cite newsgroup}}	否	否	否	否
{{cite podcast}}	否	否	否	否
{{cite press release}}	否	否	是	是
{{cite report}}	是	否	是	是
{{cite serial}}	否	否	否	否
{{cite sign}}	否	否	否	否
{{cite speech}}	否	否	否	否
{{cite ssrn}}	否	否	是	是
{{cite tech report}}	是	否	是	是
{{cite thesis}}	是	否	是	是
{{cite web}}	否	否	是	是

An editor may use any one of the following parameters in a given citation to refer to the specific page(s) or place in a cited source that contains the information that supports the article text. If more than one of the following parameters are used in the same citation, the error message Extra |pages= or |at= (help) will display in the published citation. When more than one of the following parameters is used in error, |page= overrides both |pages= and |at=; |pages= overrides |at=. To resolve the error, remove extra parameters of this type until only one remains in the affected citation.

• page: page in the cited source containing the information that supports the article text, for example |page=52.
  • Note: For a hyphenated page, use |page=12{{hyphen}}34. This will not only properly display a hyphen, but also reduce the likelihood that an editor/bot will convert this to |pages=12{{endash}}34 by mistake.
• pages: pages in the cited source containing the information that supports the article text. Separate page ranges with an en dash: – , for example |pages=236–239. Separate non-sequential pages either with commas or semicolons, for example |pages=157, 159. The form |pages=461, 466–467 is used when you are citing both non-contiguous and sequential pages. For page numbers higher than 999, either do not use thousands separators or enclose the page number in accept-this-as-written markup to avoid commas being erroneously interpreted as list separators, e.g. |pages=((1,234{{endash}}1,235)). For multiple hyphenated pages, use the accept-this-as-written markup to avoid the hyphens being converted to dashes, e.g. |pages=((1{{hyphen}}2)), ((3{{hyphen}}4)).
  • Note: CS1 citations do not record the total number of pages in a cited source; do not use this parameter for that purpose.
• at: place in the cited source containing the information that supports the article text when a page number is not given, is inappropriate or is insufficient. Common examples include column or col., paragraph or para. and section or sec. Depending on the source being cited, other indicators may be appropriate to use with the |at= parameter including, but not limited to, track, hours, minutes and seconds, act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, etc. Examples include |at=Column 2 or |at=Paragraph 5 or |at=Back cover or |at=Act III, Scene 2.
• quote-page: The number of a single page quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in |page=, |pages= or |at=. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12). Alias: none.
• OR: quote-pages: A list or range of pages quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in |pages= or |at=. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |quote-pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alias: none.

If the same source is reused with different pages, separate citations must be created. A way around this problem is to use a short citation {{sfn}}, or {{rp}} to provide linked page number citations.

版本标识符

• edition: Identifies the particular edition of a cited source when the source has more than one edition, such as "2nd", "Revised", etc. Note that this parameter automatically displays " ed." after your entry. For example, |edition=Revised third displays as: Revised third ed. The edition parameter can be omitted if there is no content difference between two editions of the same work; e.g. if a book was identically published in the UK and the US except, for example, ISBN number and cover art, it is not necessary to indicate either "UK" or "US" edition; or if citing minute:seconds of a film available in both a regular edition and a "Special Limited Collector's Edition", if the running time and cut are the same, it is not necessary to cite the particular edition.
• series: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted. For journal series, |series= should be limited to Original/New Series, First/Second/Third/... Series, or similar.
• volume: For a source published in several volumes. This field is displayed in bold after the title and series parameters. An alternative is to include the volume information in the title parameter after the main title. Separate volume ranges with an en dash: – , for example |volume=I–IV. Separate non-sequential volumes either with commas or semicolons, for example |volume=I, III. The form |volume=I, III–V is used when you are citing both non-contiguous and sequential volumes. For volume numbers higher than 999, either do not use thousands separators or enclose the volume number in accept-this-as-written markup to avoid commas being erroneously interpreted as list separators.
• issue: When the source is part of a series that is published periodically. Alias: number. When the issue has a special title of its own, this may be given, in italics, along with the issue number, e.g. |issue=2, ''Modern Canadian Literature''. Please choose either |issue= or |number= depending on what nomenclature is actually used in a publication. If a publication carries both, issue and number designations (typically one being a year-relative and the other an absolute value), provide them both, for example |issue=2 #143. Separate ranges with an en dash: – , and non-sequential numbers either with commas or semicolons. For numbers higher than 999, either do not use thousands separators or enclose the number in accept-this-as-written markup to avoid commas being erroneously interpreted as list separators.

外部链接

• url: Adds a link to the title
• chapter-url: Adds a link to the chapter.
• format: Format of the document at its URL (e.g., PDF, XLS, etc.). Do not specify for HTML as it is implied as the default. Do not use this parameter for completely different purposes, with annotations such as "fee required" or "reprint"; its intent is to notify readers what the file format is (e.g. in case some browsers might have trouble with it, or some might prefer to save the link to disk rather than open it in the browser). Access restrictions can be shown using the appropriate |url-access= parameter, see Registration or subscription required. Other notes about reprintings, etc., should be placed after the template, and before </ref>.

使用|format=参数

When MediaWiki encounters an external link URL with a '.pdf' or '.PDF' extension, it renders the external link with a PDF icon in place of the usual external-link icon. To make rendered cs1|2 citations that link to PDF documents somewhat more accessible, cs1|2 automatically adds a parenthetical PDF annotation so that those readers using screen-reader technology can know the type of the linked file. This is imperfect because some on-line sources redirect .pdf URLs to .html landing pages (this is common for PDF documents behind paywalls or registration barriers). Because the parenthetical PDF annotation happens automatically, editors are not required to set |format=PDF, though doing so causes no harm. The |format=PDF parameter may be deleted as part of a more substantial edit but editors should consider that many cs1|2 templates are copied from en.Wikipedia to other-language Wikipedias when articles here are translated to that other language. Do not assume that other-language Wikipedias use up-to-date cs1|2 templates; many do not, so removing |format=PDF here can affect readers/translators at other Wikipedias.

在线资源

主页面：Wikipedia:External links和Wikipedia:Citing sources

Links to sources are regarded as conveniences and are not required, except when citing Web-only sources. There are many digital libraries with works that may be used as sources.

• Links should be to full versions of the source.
• Online sources that require payment or subscription may be included per Wikipedia:Verifiability.

Do not link to:

• Sites that do not have permission to republish the work or that otherwise violate copyright.
• Commercial sites such as Amazon, unless no alternative exists.
• Reviews of the work.
• Very short extracts such as Google Books snippet view where there is not enough context to verify the content, unless the entire work is also freely available there. (See WP:BOOKLINKS)

链接格式

Links should be kept as simple as possible. For example, when performing a search for a Google Book, the link for Monty Python and Philosophy would look like:

https://books.google.com/books?id=NPDgD546-doC&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false

But can be trimmed to:

https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false

or:

https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC&printsec=frontcover

or:

https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC (if Google Books does not provide the cover page).

页码

A direct link to a specific page may be used if supported by the host. For example, the link to page 172 of Monty Python and Philosophy on Google Books:

https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC&pg=PA172

like so:

|page=[https://books.google.com/?id=wPQelKFNA5MC&pg=PA172 172]

特殊字符

URL必须以支持的URI方案开头。所有浏览器均支持http://和https://；而ftp://、gopher://、irc://、ircs://、mailto:和news:可能需要插件或外部应用支持，通常应避免使用。当前不支持IPv6主机名。

若引文模板参数中的URL包含特定字符，将无法正确显示和链接。这些字符需进行百分号编码。例如空格必须替换为%20。编码替换规则如下：

字符	空格	"	'	<	>	[	]	{	|	}
编码	%20	%22	%27	%3C	%3E	%5B	%5D	%7B	%7C	%7D

单引号无需编码，但未编码的多个引号会被解析为斜体/粗体标记。单个右花括号无需编码，但未编码的成对花括号会被解析为模板嵌入的结束符。

访问日期

• access-date: The full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the article's citations. It is not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is not required for links to copies of published research papers accessed via DOI or a published book, but should be used for links to news articles on commercial websites (these can change from time to time, even if they are also published in a physical medium). Note that access-date is the date that the URL was checked to not just be working, but to support the assertion being cited (which the current version of the page may not do). Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.

网页存档

更多信息：Wikipedia:Link rot

• archive-url. Alias: archiveurl.
• archive-date. Alias: archivedate.

The original link may become unavailable. When an archived version is located, the original URL is retained and |archive-url= is added with a link to an archived copy of a web page, usually from services like WebCite and the Internet Archive. |archive-date= must be added to show the date the page was archived, not the date the link was added. When |archive-url= is used, |url= and |archive-date= are required, else an error will show. When an archived link is used, the citation displays with the title linked to the archive and the original link at the end: Monty Python and Philosophy. （原始内容存档于May 1, 2013）. 

• url-status: To change the order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end, set |url-status=live:

Monty Python and Philosophy. （原始内容存档于May 1, 2013）. 

When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting |url-status=unfit or |url-status=usurped suppresses display of the original URL (but |url= and |archive-url= are still required). When the original URL is still 'live' but no longer supports the text in an article, set |url-status=deviated. For further documentation of |url-status=, see Template:Cite web § csdoc urlstatus.

标识符

以下标识符会生成链接，且仅接受单一数值。使用多个数值或其他文本会破坏链接和/或使标识符失效。通常参数只需包含标识符的可变部分，例如|rfc=822或|pmc=345678。

• arxiv：arXiv标识符；例如：|arxiv=hep-th/9205027（2007年4月前）或|arxiv=0706.0001（2007年4月—2014年12月）或|arxiv=1501.00001（2015年1月起）。请勿包含“.pdf”或“.html”等无关文件扩展名。别名：ARXIV、eprint。
• asin：亚马逊标准识别号码；若首字符为数字，请使用isbn。由于此链接偏向特定分销商，仅在无标准标识符时使用。示例|asin=B00005N5PF。别名：ASIN。
  • ASIN-TLD：非美国亚马逊网站的顶级域名；有效值：。别名：asin-tld。
• bibcode：bibcode；用于多个天文数据系统；例如：1974AJ.....79..819H。别名：BIBCODE。
• biorxiv：bioRxiv标识符，需完整DOI（如10.1101/078733对应http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733或https://doi.org/10.1101/078733）。别名：none。
• citeseerx：CiteSeerX标识符，为URL中的数字与点组合（如10.1.1.176.341对应https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341）。别名：none。
• cn：国内统一刊号。别名：CN。
• doi：数字对象标识符（DOI）；例如：10.1038/news070508-7。系统会验证其是否以(10.)开头。别名：DOI。
  • doi-broken：DOI在https://doi.org失效的日期。格式需与文中其他日期一致。别名：doi-broken-date、doi-inactive-date、doi_brokendate、doi_inactivedate。
• eissn：电子版国际标准期刊号；8位字符可用连字符分为两组（不可用短横线或空格）；示例|eissn=1557-2986。别名：EISSN。
• hdl：Handle系统数字对象标识符；示例|hdl=20.1000/100。别名：HDL。
• isbn：国际标准书号；例如：978-0-8126-9593-9。（参见Help:各类书号和国际标准书号 § 概述）连字符可选但建议保留。请使用书籍印刷的ISBN。优先使用13位ISBN（以978或979开头）。若书籍仅印有10位ISBN则使用之。ISBN通常位于版权页（书名页背面）或条形码下方（以978或979开头的条形码）。9位SBN请使用。请勿通过简单添加978前缀将10位ISBN转为13位（末位为校验码，随意更改会导致ISBN无效）。此参数应仅包含ISBN不包含其他字符。系统会校验长度、非法字符（10位ISBN末位可为“X”）及校验码。别名：ISBN、isbn13、ISBN13。
• ismn：国际标准音乐编号；例如：979-0-9016791-7-7。连字符或空格可选。请使用作品印刷的ISMN。此参数应仅包含ISMN不包含其他字符。系统会校验长度、非法字符及校验码。别名：ISMN。
• issn：国际标准期刊号；8位字符可用连字符分为两组（不可用短横线或空格）；示例|issn=2049-3630。别名：ISSN。
• jfm：数学进展年鉴；值中请勿包含“JFM”；示例|jfm=53.0144.01。别名：JFM。
• jstor：JSTOR编号；例如：|jstor=3793107。别名：JSTOR。
• LCCN：美国国会图书馆控制号。字母前缀应为小写且无空格；示例|lccn=79-57364或|lccn=2004042477或|lccn=e09001178。别名：lccn。
• MR：数学评论；示例|mr=630583。别名：mr。
• OCLC：OCLC号用于在WorldCat联合目录检索；示例|oclc=9355469。别名：oclc。
• ol：开放图书馆标识符；值中请勿包含“OL”；示例|ol=7030731M。别名：OL。
• OSTI：科技信息办公室；示例|osti=4367507。别名：osti。
• PMC：PubMed Central；使用开放获取期刊文章编号，如|pmc=345678。值中请勿包含“PMC”。另见下方PMID参数，此为两种不同标识符。别名：pmc。
  • embargo：PMC开放日期；若该日期在未来，则在此之前不会生成链接。别名：none。
• PMID：PubMed唯一标识符；示例|pmid=17322060另见上方PMC参数，此为两种不同标识符。别名：pmid。
• RFC：请求意见稿；示例|rfc=3143。别名：rfc。
• SSRN：SSRN；示例|ssrn=1900856。别名：ssrn。
• s2cid：语义学者语料库ID；示例|s2cid=37220927。别名：S2CID。
• unified：统一书号。别名：csbn、CSBN。
• ZBL：数学文摘；示例|zbl=0472.53010。对于类似JFM 35.0387.02的zbMATH搜索结果请使用|jfm=35.0387.02。别名：zbl。

部分标识符可通过对应的|参数-access=参数指定访问状态。

对于{{cite journal}}，当未使用|url=和|title-link=时，某些标识符（指定免费资源）会自动链接至标题。可通过|title-link=的特殊关键字（|title-link=pmc或|title-link=doi）手动选择链接目标，或使用|title-link=none禁用此功能。

若标识符生成的链接与现有链接完全相同，则无需额外指定URL。此时|url=（或|title-link=）可用于提供直接文档链接或便捷访问链接。

A custom identifier can be specified through

• id：唯一标识符，在无专用标识符时使用；可添加内部链接或使用外部链接模板。例如|id=NCJ 122967将在引文末尾添加“NCJ 122967”。也可使用模板如|id={{NCJ|122967}}来显示美国犯罪司法参考服务资料库 122967。

订阅或注册要求

为方便读者和其他编者，编者应在引用的外部链接中标注材料获取限制级别。这些级别描述获取材料的条件限制，不涉及材料版权状态或重用权限（因其与可供查证无关）。

可使用四种访问级别：

• 命名标识符访问指示：
  • free：所有人可免费阅读
• URL参数访问指示：
  • registration：需在提供方免费注册才能访问（即使可能有无需注册的有限预览/摘要）
  • limited：有限度免费查阅，超限则需付费订阅
  • subscription：仅限付费订阅用户访问（“付费墙”）

URL参数访问指示

|url=、|article-url=等URL参数默认指向免费访问内容。若非免费访问，需用对应访问指示参数添加图标。因默认免费访问，故无需标记free。若注册/订阅内容失效，应移除访问指示并添加|archive-url=和|archive-date=。

URL参数与访问指示

URL参数	访问参数	允许值
|url=	|url-access=	registration limited subscription
|article-url=	|article-url-access=
|chapter-url=	|chapter-url-access=
|contribution-url=	|contribution-url-access=
|entry-url=	|entry-url-access=
|map-url=	|map-url-access=
|section-url=	|section-url-access=

示例：标注需注册但非订阅的网页：

{{cite web |url=https://example.com/nifty_data.php |url-access=registration |date=2021-04-15 |title=Nifty example data}}

显示为：

Nifty example data. 2021-04-15.  含有内容需登入查看的页面 (link)

命名标识符访问指示

默认认为命名标识符链接需付费/注册（例外见下）。若可免费访问，需用对应参数添加图标。若标识符仅提供摘要服务（无全文），则不可标记为limited、registration或subscription。

命名标识符与访问指示

标识符	访问参数	允许值
|bibcode=	|bibcode-access=	free
|doi=	|doi-access=
|hdl=	|hdl-access=
|jstor=	|jstor-access=
|ol=	|ol-access=
|osti=	|osti-access=
|ssrn=	|ssrn-access=
|s2cid=	|s2cid-access=

以下命名标识符始终免费访问，无需参数，模板自动标注：

• |arxiv=
• |biorxiv=
• |citeseerx=
• |medrxiv=
• |pmc=
• |rfc=

未来将开放的PMC付费内容参见embargo。

引文

• quote：从来源引用的相关文本。显示为引号内文本。需包含终止标点（默认情况下引文会抑制引文终止符句号）。
  • script-quote：非拉丁文字引文（阿拉伯文、西里尔文等）。必须前缀支持的语言代码以确保浏览器正确显示：

    ... |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=东京塔 ...

  • trans-quote：外文引文的中文翻译。显示在方括号内。
• quote-page：|quote=所引用的单页页码。使用|quote-page=或|quote-pages=二者之一。应为|page=、|pages=或|at=指定页面的子集。
• 或：quote-pages：|quote=引用的页面列表或范围。使用|quote-page=或|quote-pages=二者之一。应为|pages=或|at=指定页面的子集。用短横线（–）分隔连续页码，用逗号（,）分隔非连续页码。

锚点

The module creates HTML IDs by default suitable for use with shortened footnotes using the Harv- and sfn-family templates. These styles use in-text cites with a link that will jump to the ID created by the CS1 template. The ID is created from up to four author last names and the year, of the format CITEREFlastname(s)year.

|ref=ID: Creates a custom ID equivalent to the value ID. This is useful where the author and/or date is unknown. The {{harvid}} template may be used here to create an ID for the Harv- and sfn-family templates.

Examples of anchors

Kind	Wikitext	ID created	Targetable by
Default, one name	{{cite book |first=Gary L. |last=Hardcastle |title=Monty Python and Philosophy |date=2006}}	CITEREFHardcastle2006	{{harv|Hardcastle|2006|pp=12-34}}
Default, two names	{{cite book |first=Gary L. |last=Hardcastle |first2=George A. |last2=Reisch |title=Monty Python and Philosophy |date=2006}}	CITEREFHardcastleReisch2006	{{harv|Hardcastle|Reisch|2006|pp=12-34}}
|ref= using {{harvid}}	|ref={{harvid|Monty Python and Philosophy|2006}}	CITEREFMonty_Python_and_Philosophy2006	{{harv|Monty Python and Philosophy|2006|pp=12-34}}

显示选项

These features are not often used, but can customize the display for use with other styles.

• mode：根据设定值调整元素分隔符、默认终止标点和特定大写规则。|mode=cs1使用半角句号（.）作为分隔符和终止标点；|mode=cs2使用半角逗号（,）作为分隔符，无终止标点，特定单词保持小写。分别对应引文样式1和样式2。覆盖默认终止标点请使用postscript参数。

• author-mask（作者掩码）：
• contributor-mask（贡献者掩码）：
• editor-mask（编辑掩码）：
• interviewer-mask（采访者掩码）：
• subject-mask（主题掩码）：
• translator-mask（译者掩码）：

  用破折号或文本替换（首位）作者姓名。设为数字n时显示n倍宽破折号；设为文本时直接显示该文本（不带后续分隔符，如“with”）。特殊值0需配合<name>-link使用，此时显示链接文本。无论何种情况，仍需提供完整姓名以生成元数据。主要用于同一作者多部作品连续列出的参考文献（如Template:Sfnote）。不可在{{reflist}}或<references />生成的列表中使用（因无法控制引用显示顺序）。可通过添加枚举值（如|authorn-mask=）对特定姓名应用掩码。

• display-authors（显示作者数）：
• display-contributors（显示贡献者数）：
• display-editors（显示编辑数）：
• display-interviewers（显示采访者数）：
• display-subjects（显示主题数）：
• display-translators（显示译者数）：

  控制显示的作者（或其他贡献者）姓名数量。默认显示全部姓名。例如|display-authors=2仅显示前两位作者（不影响其他贡献者显示）。特殊值|display-authors=0隐藏所有作者（包括“etal”）。|display-authors=etal显示全部姓名后接“etal”。

• postscript（后置文本）：控制引用结束标点。默认半角句号（.）；设为|postscript=none取消终止标点（留空等同于省略但语义模糊）。包含额外文本或多字符标点模板时会生成维护提示。定义quote参数时本参数无效。

et al.

et al. is the abbreviation of the Latin et alii ('and others'). It is used to complete a list of authors of a published work, where the complete list is considered overly long. The abbreviation is widely used in English, thus it is not italicized per MOS:FOREIGN.

打印

When viewing the page, CS1 templates render the URL to the title to create a link; when printing, the URL is printed. External link icons are not printed.

未包含元素

Not all factually accurate pieces of information about a source are used in a Citation Style 1 citation. Examples of information not included:

• The total number of pages in a cited source
• The name of the library that provided access to an electronic copy of a cited source
• The name of the library that owns a physical copy of a cited work
• The library record or shelf location of a physical copy of a cited work

工具

主页面：Help:Citation tools

生成CS1引文

• RefToolbar is part of the default source code editor. It include a "Templates" menu with {{cite web}}, {{cite journal}}, {{cite book}}, and {{cite news}}. When filling out a template from the RefToolbar, select the magnifying glass icon to autofill the template's parameters.
• The default citation option in the Visual Editor attempts to build a full citation based on a URL or other identifier. It will automatically select a citation template.
• ProveIt provides an optional graphical interface for editing, adding, and citing references.
• Citation expander adds a button to pass the current article to the Wikipedia citation bot, a tool that will automatically fill out additional parameter of existing citations.
• reFill Adds references to templates while updating/filling-in title/dates/publisher/accessdates etc.
• Zotero can export citations in Wikipedia-ready format.
• Citer – generates full citation, shortened citation, and named reference for a given Google Books URL, ISBN, or DOI. It also supports some major news websites.

Generating and editing general-use CS1 templates

Template	Use	RefToolbar	ProveIt	Citation expander
{{Cite arXiv}}	arXiv preprints
{{Cite AV media}}	audio and visual sources		supported
{{Cite AV media notes}}	liner notes from albums, DVDs, CDs and similar audio-visual media
{{Cite book}}	books	supported	supported	supported
{{Cite conference}}	conference papers		supported
{{Cite encyclopedia}}	edited collections		supported
{{Cite episode}}	television or radio programs and episodes		supported
{{Cite interview}}	interviews
{{Cite journal}}	academic and scientific papers published in journals	supported	supported	supported
{{Cite magazine}}	magazines and newsletters		supported
{{Cite mailing list}}	archived public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}	maps
{{Cite news}}	news articles in print, video, audio or web	supported	supported	Partially supported
{{Cite newsgroup}}	online newsgroups
{{Cite podcast}}	audio or video podcast
{{Cite press release}}	press releases		supported
{{Cite report}}	reports by government departments, instrumentalities, operated companies, etc.		supported
{{Cite serial}}	audio or video serials
{{Cite sign}}	signs, plaques and other visual sources		supported
{{Cite speech}}	speeches
{{Cite tech report}}	technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}	theses		supported
{{Cite web}}	web sources not characterized by another template	supported	supported	supported

模板数据

This section documents interactions between WP:TemplateData and tools that use that data to edit Wikipedia such as VisualEditor and bots. Before making changes to the TemplateData be aware of these interactions.

User:InternetArchiveBot

• If an argument is set to "required" the argument will be added to all templates edited by IABot. This including adding empty arguments. For example, when |website= is "required" IABot makes the following edit: [1].

常见问题

|access-date= does not show.

If |url= is not supplied, then |access-date= does not show; by design.

The bare URL shows before the title.

If the |title= field includes a newline or an invalid character then the link will be malformed; see Web links.

The title appears in red.

If URL is supplied, then the title cannot be wikilinked.

The URL is not linked and shows in brackets.

The URL must include the URI scheme in order for MediaWiki to recognize it as a link. For example: www.example.org/ vs. http://www.example.org/.

A field is truncated.

A pipe (|) in the value will truncate it. Use {{!}} instead.

The template markup shows.

Double open brackets [[ are used in a field without closing double brackets ]].

The author shows in brackets with an external link icon.

The use of an URL in |author-link= will break the link; this field is for the name of the Wikipedia article about the author, not a website.

Multiple author or editor names are defined and one or more does not show

The parameters must be used in sequence, i.e. if |last= or |last1= is not defined, then |last2= will not show. By design.

|page=, |pages= or |at= do not show.

These parameters are mutually exclusive, and only one will show; by design.

参见

• Help:引文格式2
• Help:引文格式1错误