User:TreyGD/sandbox

Remote Learning/Remote Work/AI (Draft)

1. Job Satisfaction

2. Work/Life Balance

3. Worker Productivity

Depending on your general personality disposition, this can change how productive you are during remote work phases. Olsen et al. found that with individuals that had high extraversion, when remote work is increased, they are much more likely to experience job dissatisfaction and less engagement with their job. This is similar to conscientiousness, but health deteriorates with individuals that have high conscientiousness and high remote work days. They also found that consistent with other studies, neuroticism positively correlates to negative health. - Olsen et al

Para et al,. 2022- Finds that Neuroticism has a positive relation (β=.14, P<.038) with Remote Work Exhaustion (RWE), and agreeableness (β=-.34, P<.0001) and conscientiousness (β= -.26, P<.0001) have a negative relation with RWE, with decent effect signs. They also found that Openness and Extraversion are not statistically significant enough to be considered considered

Attitudes for teleworking:

Marhadi and Hendarman showed that attitudes towards working in a remote work capacity are not influenced by any of the Big Five. The only one close to being significant was openness but that was when they increased the P to.1

Gavoille and Hazans- state that Conscientiousness, Openness, and Extraversion have effects on Productivity and willingness to work from home. They found that Extraversion has a strong positive correlation with a willingness to work from home, but a negative correlation with productivity from home. This is different from Openness and Conscientiousness, which both have a positive correlation with Willingness and Productivity, with Conscientiousness being much much stronger

Remote Learning/Remote Work (Final)- Adam

In the last five years, remote work has become more and more prevalent, brought on by the COVID-19 virus. However, remote work is still influenced by personality. Gavoille and Hazans have found that Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience both have a positive correlation with willingness to work and productivity, with Openness to Experience being less significant. This is then contrasted with Extraversion, which has a negative correlation with both willingness to work and openness. Another conclusion that was found was that women had a much more exaggerated difference between conscientiousness and extraversion than men did. Olsen et al. mirrored this study, finding that individuals high in extraversion end up being less engaged in work, as well as being high in neuroticism is correlated with lower general health, work engagement, and positively related to sick leave. Other association to mention was that Conscientiousness was correlated with

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Big Five and Romantic Relationships [updated by Su, 4/15/2025]

[introduction paragraph, Su]

Who can say where the road goes?/Where the day flows? Only time/

And who can say if your love grows/As your heart chose? Only time

Who can say why your heart sighs/As your love flies? Only time/

And who can say why your heart cries/When your love lies? Only time … …

Enya [enaytv]

Enya’s Only Time lyrics sing out the uncertain nature of a romantic relationship.  What makes a romantic relationship last is a forever question.  Researchers have examined whether the Big Five personality traits play a significant role in romantic relationships.  Along the spectrum of a person’s life satisfaction, marital satisfaction (one of romantic relationships) is shown stronger than job satisfaction, health satisfaction, and social satisfaction [ Heller, 2004].  With high divorce rate in the US, Modern Family Law [2004] estimated that 40% to 50% of first marriages ended up in divorce; 60-67%, second marriages; greater than70%, third marriages.  A number of researchers have found that romantic relationships and Big Five personality traits are closely related.  

[paragraph on satisfaction, Trey and Su]  Various researchers have explored the association of Big Five and romantic relationships in terms of relationship satisfaction.  – Malouff et al [2010] conducted a meta-analysis which showed that there was a higher level of marital satisfaction if their spouse showed lower levels in neuroticism, but higher levels in agreeableness and conscientiousness. There was only a weak correlation (.22, .15, .12) but it was the same level of satisfaction for both genders. Much like the previous meta analysis [ref] a study done on self-reported big five traits showed that those who had higher levels of agreeableness (.20), emotional stability, conscientiousness, and extraversion had higher levels of marital satisfaction. That same study found that there was little to no difference in marital satisfaction if the two partners had similar or different levels of trait personality.

[paragraph on major life event, Su ] Asselmann and Sprecht [2020] examined the association of Big Five (BFI-S) and romantic relationships through major life events across years in 2005, 2009, 2013, and 2017 with a sample of 49,932 participants in Germany.  Those major life events referred to (1) moving in with a partner, (2) getting married, (3) getting separated, and (4) getting divorced.  The key findings showed that more extraverted individuals were more likely to move in with a partner.  Less agreeable and less emotionally stable women were more likely to move in with a partner.  Men were more extraverted in the years before moving in and became gradually more open and more conscientious after moving in.  Less agreeable men were more likely to get married.  Individuals who got married became less open in the first three years after the marriage.  Women became more extraverted after being separated.  Men with lower emotional stability and women who were both less emotionally stable and more extraverted were more prone to experiencing relationship breakups.  Individuals who got divorced were less agreeable in the years before the divorce.  Personality may change after specific events.  For example, both men and women who experienced separation or divorce became less emotionally stable in the following years.  The results implicated that total agreeableness was not a guarantee for long lasting romantic relationships as individuals who were less agreeable were more likely to experience both positive and negative major romantic events.  Effects of agreeableness were also investigated in other studies [Heller et al, 2004; Donnellan et al, 2004].  

[paragraph on commitment levels, Su] O’Brien and colleagues [2008] examined the association of Big Five and romantic relationships by investigating participants’ commitment levels.  The three levels of commitment referred to affective commitment (emotional attachment), continuance commitment (financial considerations), and normative commitment (the ethical and moral responsibilities).  The commitment levels were based on the taxonomy of organizational commitment [Allen and Meyer, 1990] and the conceptual model of marital commitment of Johnson [1999] and Johnson et al [1999].  122 Individuals currently in a committed relationship responded to 50-item Personality items from International Personality Item Pool (IPIP, 2006), and a questionnaire on commitment.  The key findings showed that participants high in Extraversion reported high levels of affective commitment; participants high on Extraversion were higher on Openness to Experience and affective commitment. Conscientiousness demonstrated a negative relationship with continuance commitment.  While Extraversion and Agreeableness exhibited a positive correlation with each other, no significant relationships were found between Agreeableness and any of the commitment measures.  The findings indicated gender differences in that women with lower levels of Openness to Experience were often paired with partners who scored higher in Extraversion.  Men who exhibited strong affective commitment were more likely to be in relationships with women high in Conscientiousness. Additionally, women whose partners showed high affective commitment tended to be higher in both Conscientiousness and Emotional Stability.

New References for Romantic Relationships [Su]

1. Enya.  Only time.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wfYIMyS_dI
2. Heller, D., Watson, D., & Ilies, R. (2004). The Role of Person Versus Situation in Life Satisfaction: A Critical Examination. Psychological Bulletin, 130(4), 574–600. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.574
3. Modern Family Law (2024).  Top 10 Divorce Statistics You Need To Know. https://www.modernfamilylaw.com/resources/top-10-divorce-statistics-you-need-to-know
4. Donnellan, M.Brent & Conger, Rand & Bryant, Chalandra. (2004). The Big Five and enduring marriages. Journal of Research in Personality. 38. 481-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2004.01.001
5. Johnson, M. P. (1999). Personal, moral, and structural commitment to relationships: Experiences of choice and constraint. In J. M. Adams & W. H. Jones (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal commitment and relationship stability(pp. 73–87). Kluwer Academic Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4773-0_4
6. Johnson, M. P., Caughlin, J. P., & Huston, T. L. (1999). The Tripartite Nature of Marital Commitment: Personal, Moral, and Structural Reasons to Stay Married. Journal of Marriage and Family, 61(1), 160–177. https://doi.org/10.2307/35389
7. Allen, N.J. and Meyer, J.P. (1990) The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1-18.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x

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Romantic Relationships (Draft)

1. Satisfaction

- A meta analysis showed that there was a higher level of marital satisfaction if their spouse showed lower levels in neuroticism, but higher levels in agreeableness and conscientiousness. There was only a weak correlation (.22, .15, .12) but it was the same level of satisfaction for both genders. Much like the previous meta analysis a study done on self-reported big five traits showed that those who had higher levels of agreeableness (.20), emotional stability, conscientiousness, and extraversion had higher levels of marital satisfaction. That same study found that there was little to no difference in marital satisfaction if the two partners had similar or different levels of trait personality.

2. Quality

3. Commitment levels

4. Major Life Events

Getting into a long term romantic relationship can qualify as a major life event and has the ability to kick start personality development in young adults ages 20-30 as they are faced with new social situations and expectations. For instance high levels of trait neuroticism at the beginning of relationships can be seen decreasing over a span of 8 years once the relationship has begun. As well as other Big Five personality traits such as conscientiousness and agreeableness can be seen increasing in long term relationships. (Perhaps because people in relationships sometimes have to do things outside of their typical interest in order to keep their partner happy or those who live together need to be more conscientious of the shared space they live in? Could be something to look into in the future).

Key Concept

Big Five and Major Events in Romantic Relationship

One of the key concepts is to explore the association between Big Five and the major events in romantic relationship.  The major events constitute moving in with a partner, getting married, getting separated, and getting divorced.  Asselmann and Specht (2020) conducted a study in Germany with a sample of 49,932 men and women through all life span.  The study sample was divided into test group and control group.  Using the short version of the Big Five, the Big Five personality traits were tested and retested at different time intervals in 2005, 2009, 2013, and 2017.  The study results were based on standardized beta coefficient of multilevel mixed effect model.  The main findings with regard to moving in with a partner showed that extraversion (beta = 0.119), agreeableness (beta = - 0.077) and emotional stability (beta = - 0.076) were found to be significant in that … …

(other findings)

• Getting married          …
• Getting separated       …
• Getting divorced         …

Main findings on gender differences … …

Significance of the study .. …

Romantic Relationships (Final)- Trey and Kui

Various researchers have explored the association of Big Five and romantic relationships in terms of relationship satisfaction.   A meta analysis showed that there was a higher level of marital satisfaction if their spouse showed lower levels in neuroticism, but higher levels in agreeableness and conscientiousness. There was only a weak correlation (.22, .15, .12) but it was the same level of satisfaction for both genders. Much like the previous meta analysis a study done on self-reported big five traits showed that those who had higher levels of agreeableness (.20), emotional stability, conscientiousness, and extraversion had higher levels of marital satisfaction. That same study found that there was little to no difference in marital satisfaction if the two partners had similar or different levels of trait personality.

Jason White and colleagues [2004] examined the association of Big Five variables and romantic relationships from the perspective of relationship constructs; while Holland and Roisman [2008], by looking into the quality of romantic relationships.  O’Brien and colleagues [2008] examined the association of Big Five and romantic relationships by investigating participants’ commitment levels. 

Asselmann and Sprecht [2020] examined the association of Big Five and romantic relationships through major life events. The Big Five model of personality was used for attempts to predict satisfaction in romantic relationships, relationship quality in dating, engaged, and married couples. One of the key concepts is to explore the association between Big Five and the major events in romantic relationship. The major events constitute moving in with a partner, getting married, getting separated, and getting divorced. Getting into a long term romantic relationship has the ability to kick start personality development in young adults ages 20-30 as they are faced with new social situations and expectations. For instance high levels of trait neuroticism at the beginning of relationships can be seen decreasing over a span of 8 years once the relationship has begun. As well as other Big Five personality traits such as conscientiousness and agreeableness can be seen increasing in long term relationships.

1,000-1,500 Words

Power Point Suggestions?

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KUI Sources

Addition Paragraph  to Wiki Big Five:

Various researchers have explored the association of Big Five and romantic relationships in terms of relationship satisfaction [Weidmann et al. 2017; Bach et al, 2025; O’Meara and South, 2019; Weidmann et al, 2017].  Jason White and colleagues [2004] examined the association of Big Five variables and romantic relationships from the perspective of relationship constructs; while Holland and Roisman [2008], by looking into the quality of romantic relationships.  O’Brien and colleagues [2008] examined the association of Big Five and romantic relationships by investigating participants’ commitment levels.  Asselmann and Sprecht [2020] examined the association of Big Five and romantic relationships through major life events.

References for Big Five and Romantic Relationships

1. Weidmann, R., Ledermann T., & Grob, A. (2017).  Big Five traits and relationship satisfaction: The mediating role of self-esteem.  Journal of research in personality, 69, 102-109. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0092656616300496.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.06.001

2. Kathrin Bach, Marco Koch, Frank M. Spinath. Relationship satisfaction and The Big Five – Utilizing longitudinal data covering 9 years.  Personality and Individual Differences Volume 233, February 2025, 112887.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2024.112887

3. O'Meara, M. S., & South, S. C. (2019). Big Five personality domains and relationship satisfaction: Direct effects and correlated change over time. Journal of personality, 87(6), 1206–1220. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12468.  https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jopy.12468

4. 4.Jason K. White,Susan S. Hendrick,Clyde Hendrick.  Big five personality variables and relationship constructs.   Personality and Individual Differences Volume 37, Issue 7, November 2004, Pages 1519-1530.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.02.019

5. Holland, A. S., & Roisman, G. I. (2008). Big Five personality traits and relationship quality: Self-reported, observational, and physiological evidence. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25(5), 811-829. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407508096697.

6. Asselmann, Eva,Specht, Jule.  Taking the ups and downs at the rollercoaster of love: Associations between major life events in the domain of romantic relationships and the Big Five personality traits.  Developmental Psychology, Vol 56(9), Sep 2020, 1803-1816.  https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2020-51223-001

7. O'Brien, Ruth S.; Smithson, Joy N.; Weathington, Barth L.; and Booher, Lauran R. (2008) Big five personality characteristics and commitment levels in romantic relationships. Modern Psychological Studies: Vol. 13 : No. 2 , Article 10. https://scholar.utc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1152&context=mps

8. Rebekka Weidmann, Felix D. Schönbrodt, Thomas Ledermann, Alexander Grob.  Concurrent and longitudinal dyadic polynomial regression analyses of Big Five traits and relationship satisfaction: Does similarity matter?,  Journal of Research in Personality, Volume 70, 2017, Pages 6-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2017.04.003. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092656616302495

References for Big Five and Remote Work

1. Nicolas Gavoille and Mihails Hazans.  Personality Traits, Remote Work and Productivity.  August, 22, 2022, IZA – Institute of Labor Economics.  https://docs.iza.org/dp15486.pdf.

2. Olsen, Espen; Fu, Yusheng; Jensen, Maria. (2024).  The Influence of Remote Work on Personality Trait–Performance Linkages: A Two-Wave Longitudinal Study. Administrative Sciences, 14 (7):144.   DOI: 10.3390/admsci14070144

ADAMS Sources

Parra, C. M., Gupta, M., & Cadden, T. (2022). Towards an understanding of remote work exhaustion: A study on the effects of individuals’ big five personality traits. Journal of Business Research, 150, 653–662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.06.009

Marhadi, A. B., & Hendarman, A. F. (2020). Identifying the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and attitudes towards teleworking of Generation Z. American International Journal of Business Management, 3(7), 76-85.

O’Neill T. A., Hambley, L. A., & Chatellier, G. S. (2014). Cyberslacking, engagement, and personality in distributed work environments. Computers in Human Behavior, 152-160. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.08.005: Still in the works!

Extroversion and conscientiousness predict deteriorating job outcomes during the COVID-19 transition to enforced remote work. (2022). Social Psychological and Personality Science, 13(3), 781–791. https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506211039092- Still in the works

TREYS Sources

Neyer, F. J., & Lehnart, J. (2007). Relationships matter in personality development: Evidence from an 8-year longitudinal study across young adulthood. Journal of Personality, 75(3), 535–568. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00448.x (Personality and relationships)

Malouff J.M, Thorsteinsson E.B, Schutte N.S, Bhullar N, Rooke S.E. The Five-Factor Model of personality and relationship satisfaction of intimate partners: A meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Personality. 2010;44:124–127. (Martial satisfaction in spousal big 5 traits

Dyrenforth P.S, Kashy D.A, Donnellan M.B, Lucas R.E. Predicting relationship and life satisfaction from personality in nationally representative samples from three countries: The relative importance of actor, partner, and similarity effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2010;99:690–702. (martial satisfaction with personal big 5 traits)