SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant
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Iota variant,[1] also known as lineage B.1.526, is one of the variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. It was first detected in New York City in November 2020. The variant has appeared with two notable mutations: the E484K spike mutation, which may help the virus evade antibodies, and the S477N mutation, which helps the virus bind more tightly to human cells.[2]
By February 2021, it had spread rapidly in the New York region and accounted for about one in four viral sequences.[3][4] By 11 April 2021, the variant had been detected in at least 48 U.S. states and 18 countries.[5][6]
Under the simplified naming scheme proposed by the World Health Organization, B.1.526 has been labeled Iota variant, and is considered a variant of interest (VOI), but not yet a variant of concern.[7]
Mutations
[edit]The Iota (B.1.526) genome contains the following amino-acid mutations, all of which are in the virus's spike protein code: L5F, T95I, D253G, E484K, D614G and A701V.[8]
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![Amino acid mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant plotted on a genome map of SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on the spike.[9]](/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant.svg/3658px-SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant.svg.png)
Amino acid mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant plotted on a genome map of SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on the spike.[9]
![Amino acid mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant plotted on a genome map of SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on the spike.[9]](/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant.svg?lang=en)
History
[edit]The increase of the Iota variant was captured by researchers at Caltech by scanning for mutations in a database known as GISAID, a global science initiative that has documented over 700,000 genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2.[10][11]
The proportion of USA cases represented by the Iota variant had declined sharply by the end of July 2021 as the Delta variant became dominant.[12]
Statistics
[edit]| Country | Confirmed cases | Last Reported Case |
|---|---|---|
 USA
|
45,985 | 24 June 2021 |
 Ecuador
|
168 | 10 June 2021 |
 Canada
|
158 | |
 Spain
|
119 | 17 June 2021 |
 Colombia
|
115 | 24 May 2021 |
 Aruba
|
103 | 10 June 2021 |
 Germany
|
56 | 22 June 2021 |
 Mexico
|
50 | 11 June 2021 |
 United Kingdom
|
43 | 16 May 2021 |
 Sint Maarten
|
17 | 27 May 2021 |
 Ireland
|
13 | 7 May 2021 |
 Switzerland
|
12 | 17 May 2021 |
 Chile
|
11 | 12 May 2021 |
 Denmark
|
9 | 31 May 2021 |
 Israel
|
9 | 26 April 2021 |
 Suriname
|
9 | 10 May 2021 |
 Argentina
|
8 | 26 April 2021 |
 Belgium
|
8 | 18 April 2021 |
 Dominican Republic
|
8 | 10 June 2021 |
 France
|
8 | 25 May 2021 |
 Lithuania
|
8 | 28 May 2021 |
 Singapore
|
7 | 4 April 2021 |
 Australia
|
6 | 21 May 2021 |
 Italy
|
6 | 4 May 2021 |
 Luxembourg
|
6 | 5 March 2021 |
 Costa Rica
|
5 | 21 May 2021 |
 Netherlands
|
5 | 19 April 2021 |
 Russia
|
5 | 4 June 2021 |
 Croatia
|
4 | 9 February 2021 |
 Japan
|
4 | 7 May 2021 |
 South Korea
|
4 | 14 April 2021 |
 Sweden
|
4 | 14 May 2021 |
 Turkey
|
4 | 4 May 2021 |
 Malta
|
4 | 21 December 2020 |
 India
|
3 | 24 March 2021 |
 Dominica
|
3 | 15 January 2021 |
 Slovenia
|
3 | 18 May 2021 |
 Austria
|
2 | 22 April 2021 |
 Ghana
|
2 | 20 March 2021 |
 Grenada
|
2 | 17 January 2021 |
 Indonesia
|
2 | 8 January 2021 |
 Jamaica
|
2 | 2 February 2021 |
 Liberia
|
2 | 14 May 2021 |
 Portugal
|
2 | 4 March 2021 |
 Romania
|
2 | 17 April 2021 |
 Anguilla
|
1 | 21 April 2021 |
 Antigua and Barbuda
|
1 | 3 May 2021 |
 British Virgin Islands
|
1 | 25 January 2021 |
 Cayman Islands
|
1 | 15 April 2021 |
 China
|
1 | |
 Curacao
|
1 | 30 April 2021 |
 Finland
|
1 | 14 March 2021 |
| Guadeloupe
|
1 | 9 March 2021 |
 New Zealand
|
1 | 16 March 2021 |
 Poland
|
1 | 31 March 2021 |
 Turks and Caicos Islands
|
1 | 22 March 2021 |
 Venezuela
|
1 | 8 May 2021 |
| World (57 countries) | Total: 46,589 | Total as of 11 August 2021 |
See also
[edit]
- Variants of SARS-CoV-2: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, Zeta, Eta, Theta, Kappa, Lambda, Mu, Omicron
References
[edit]- ^ "Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants". www.who.int. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
- ^ Barton, Michael I; MacGowan, Stuart A; Kutuzov, Mikhail A; Dushek, Omer; Barton, Geoffrey John; van der Merwe, P Anton (August 26, 2021). Fouchier, Ron AM; Van der Meer, Jos W; Fouchier, Ron AM (eds.). "Effects of common mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and its ligand, the human ACE2 receptor on binding affinity and kinetics". eLife. 10 e70658. doi:10.7554/eLife.70658. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 8480977. PMID 34435953.
- ^ Stieb, Matt; Rosa-Aquino, Paola (March 21, 2021). "Everything We Know About the Coronavirus Variant Spreading in New York City". Intelligencer. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
- ^ Mandavilli, Apoorva (February 24, 2021). "A New Coronavirus Variant Is Spreading in New York, Researchers Report". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
- ^ "outbreak.info". outbreak.info. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
- ^ "PANGO lineages Lineage B.1.526". cov-lineages.org. April 22, 2021. Archived from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ "Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants". www.who.int. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
- ^ "SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions". CDC.gov. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 11, 2020. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
- ^ "Spike Variants: Iota variant, aka B.1.526". covdb.stanford.edu. Stanford University Coronavirus Antiviral & Resistance Database. July 1, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
- ^ Corum, Jonathan; Zimmer, Carl (February 9, 2021). "Coronavirus Variants and Mutations". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
- ^ West, Anthony P.; Barnes, Christopher O.; Yang, Zhi; Bjorkman, Pamela J. (February 23, 2021). "SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.526 emerging in the New York region detected by software utility created to query the spike mutational landscape". bioRxiv 2021.02.14.431043. doi:10.1101/2021.02.14.431043. PMC 8077570. PMID 33907745. S2CID 231981267.
- ^ SARS-CoV-2 sequences by variant, Jul 26, 2021, USA Our World in Data
- ^ "GISAID - hCov19 Variants". www.gisaid.org. Retrieved July 2, 2021.