Portal:Chile

The Chile Portal

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Chile had a population of 17.5 million as of the latest census in 2017 and has a territorial area of 756,102 square kilometers (291,933 sq mi), sharing borders with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. The country also controls several Pacific islands, including Juan Fernández, Isla Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island, and claims about 1,250,000 square kilometers (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica as the Chilean Antarctic Territory. The capital and largest city of Chile is Santiago, and the national language is Spanish.

Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century, replacing Inca rule, but failed to conquer the autonomous tribal Mapuche people who inhabited what is now south-central Chile. Chile emerged as a relatively stable authoritarian republic in the 1830s after their 1818 declaration of independence from Spain. During the 19th century, Chile experienced significant economic and territorial growth, putting an end to Mapuche resistance in the 1880s and gaining its current northern territory in the War of the Pacific (1879–83) by defeating Peru and Bolivia. In the 20th century, up until the 1970s, Chile underwent a process of democratization and experienced rapid population growth and urbanization, while relying increasingly on exports from copper mining to support its economy. During the 1960s and 1970s, the country was marked by severe left-right political polarization and turmoil, which culminated in the 1973 Chilean coup d'état that overthrew Salvador Allende's democratically elected left-wing government. This was followed by a 16-year right-wing military dictatorship under Augusto Pinochet, in which the 1980 Chilean Constitution was made with the consultancy of the Ortúzar Commission as well as several political and economic reforms, and resulted in more than 3,000 deaths or disappearances. The regime ended in 1990, following a referendum in 1988, and was succeeded by a center-left coalition, which ruled until 2010.

Chile is a high-income economy and is one of the most economically and socially stable nations in South America. Chile also performs well in the region in terms of sustainability of the state and democratic development. Chile is a founding member of the United Nations, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC), and the Pacific Alliance, and joined the OECD in 2010. (Full article...)

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José María Caro Martínez (Spanish pronunciation: [xoˈse maˈɾia ˈkaɾo maɾˈtineθ] ^ⓘ; 1830 – 11 November 1916) was a Chilean politician and civil servant. In May 1894, he was unanimously elected as the first mayor of the commune of Pichilemu, with Pedro Nolasco de Mira and Francisco Reyes made second and third magistrate respectively. Caro Martínez had previously served for several years as administrator or llavero of the San Antonio de Petrel hacienda and, between 1891 and 1892, was the Subdelegate of the 13th Subdelegation of San Fernando Department which comprised the district of Cáhuil.

The eleven-year mayorship of Caro Martínez, which lasted from 1894 and 1905, was described by journalist and local historian José Arraño Acevedo as "the most fruitful" in the history of the commune. In his four terms, Caro Martínez built roads connecting Pichilemu and San Fernando, capital of the department of the same name, and founded several schools in Pichilemu and parts of current Marchigüe. (Full article...)

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Bust of Lautaro

Lautaro (Anglicized as 'Levtaru') (Mapudungun: Lef-Traru "swift hawk") (Spanish pronunciation: [lawˈtaɾo]; c. 1534 – April 29, 1557) was a young Mapuche toqui known for leading the indigenous resistance against Spanish conquest in Chile and developing the tactics that would continue to be employed by the Mapuche during the long-running Arauco War. Levtaru was captured by Spanish forces in his early youth, and he spent his teenage years as a personal servant of chief conquistador Pedro de Valdivia, but escaped in 1551. Back among his people he was declared Toqui and led Mapuche warriors into a series of victories against the Spanish, culminating in the Battle of Tucapel in December 1553, where Pedro of Valdivia was killed. The outbreak of a typhus plague, a drought and a famine prevented the Mapuche from taking further actions to expel the Spanish in 1554 and 1555. Between 1556 and 1557, a small group of Mapuche commanded by Levtaru attempted to reach Santiago to liberate the whole of Central Chile from Spanish rule. Levtaru's attempts ended in 1557 when he was killed in an ambush by the Spanish.

Today, Levtaru is revered among Mapuche and non-Mapuche Chileans for his resistance against foreign conquest, servitude and cruelty. (Full article...)

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Augusto Pinochet Salvador Allende Michelle Bachelet Isabel Allende Alberto Hurtado Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle Patricio Aylwin Eduardo Frei Montalva Pedro de Valdivia Cecilia Vicuña Fernando González Pablo Larraín Rebeca Cofré Irene Morales Sebastián Piñera Pablo Neruda

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Traditional flag of the Mapuche

The Mapuche (/məˈpuːtʃi/ mə-POO-chee, Mapuche and Spanish: [maˈputʃe]) also known as Araucanians are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including parts of Patagonia. The collective term refers to a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who share a common social, religious, and economic structure, as well as a common linguistic heritage as Mapudungun speakers. Their homelands once extended from Choapa Valley to the Chiloé Archipelago and later spread eastward to Puelmapu, a land comprising part of the Argentine pampa and Patagonia. Today the collective group makes up over 80% of the indigenous peoples in Chile and about 9% of the total Chilean population. The Mapuche are concentrated in the Araucanía region. Many have migrated from rural areas to the cities of Santiago and Buenos Aires for economic opportunities, more than 92% of the Mapuches are from Chile.

The Mapuche traditional economy is based on agriculture; their traditional social organization consists of extended families, under the direction of a lonko or chief. In times of war, the Mapuche would unite in larger groupings and elect a toki (meaning "axe" or "axe-bearer") to lead them. Mapuche material culture is known for its textiles and silverwork. (Full article...)

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General images

Image 1Picture of the 1915 presidential election in Chile (from History of Chile)
Image 2Fiestas Patrias of Chile, 1854 (from History of Chile)
Image 3Five presidents of Chile since Transition to democracy (1990–2022), celebrating the Bicentennial of Chile (from History of Chile)
Image 4"No" supporters celebrate their victory in the 1988 referendum (from History of Chile)
Image 5Diego Portales (from History of Chile)
Image 6The coat of arms of Chile (from Culture of Chile)
Image 7Chilean patriots, by Johann Moritz Rugendas (from History of Chile)
Image 8The Arauco War. The painting depicts a woman being kidnapped during a malón (from History of Chile)
Image 9Marchers for Salvador Allende (from History of Chile)
Image 10Nobel laureate Gabriela Mistral (from Culture of Chile)
Image 11Paila marina (from Culture of Chile)
Image 12Los Jaivas, performing "Alturas de Machu Picchu", a version of a part of Pablo Neruda´s Canto General live at Machu Picchu (from Culture of Chile)
Image 13Estadio Nacional de Chile (from Culture of Chile)
Image 14Arturo Alessandri Palma (from History of Chile)
Image 15Chilean huaso singing (from Culture of Chile)
Image 16Map showing changes of territory due to the War of the Pacific (from History of Chile)
Image 17Picture "The young Lautaro" of Pedro Subercaseaux that show to genius military and hero of the Arauco war after the arrival of the Spanish to Chilean territory (from History of Chile)
Image 18The Mapuche were the original inhabitants of central and southern Chile (from History of Chile)
Image 19José Manuel Balmaceda (from History of Chile)
Image 20Territorial losses of the Republic of Chile de jure (by law) according to Chilean historiography. (from History of Chile)

Did you know (auto generated)

... that Rincón Chileno was nicknamed the "second Chilean consulate" by the Chilean immigrant community in Los Angeles?
... that Salar de Pajonales in Chile has been used as an analogue for environments on Mars?
... that Peruvian foreign minister Manuel María Gálvez Egúsquiza was arrested by Chilean troops for refusing to sign peace with the cession of territory during the War of the Pacific?
... that Daniela Ceballos worked with the Football Federation of Chile to supervise safety protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic while playing football herself?
... that the Swedish broadcaster organising the Eurovision Song Contest 1975 refused to allow the contest to be shown in Chile, as a protest against the country's military dictatorship?
... that Angelito de Canal 13, the mascot of the Chilean television network Canal 13, was inspired by its creator's son?

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This is a list of recognized content, updated weekly by JL-Bot (talk · contribs) (typically on Saturdays). There is no need to edit the list yourself. If an article is missing from the list, make sure it is tagged (e.g. {{WikiProject Chile}}) or categorized correctly and wait for the next update. See WP:RECOG for configuration options.

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360-degree Panorama of the Southern Sky edit
A 360 degree panorama of a unique cloudscape over La Silla
Culpeo MC
FCAB EMD GT22CU-3 San Pedro - Ascotan
Géiseres del Tatio, Atacama, Chile, 2016-02-01, DD 03-05 HDR
Laguna Miñiques, Chile, 2016-02-08, DD 33-38 PAN
Laser Towards Milky Ways Centre
Miscanti Lagoon near San Pedro de Atacama Chile Luca Galuzzi 2006
Moai Rano raraku
SQM GE 289A Boxcab Carmelita - Reverso
The European Extremely Large Telescope
Volcán Aucanquilcha, Chile, 2016-02-10, DD 11
Volcán San Pedro, Chile, 2016-02-09, DD 18
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