Julidinae
| Julidinae Temporal range: Possible Early Eocene record
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|---|---|
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| Sunset wrasse (Thalassoma lutescens) | |
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| Eastern king wrasse (Coris sandeyeri) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Labriformes |
| Family: | Labridae |
| Subfamily: | Julidinae Bonaparte, 1841 |
| Genera | |
|
20., see text | |
The julidine wrasses are saltwater fish of the subfamily Julidinae, a subgroup of the wrasse family (Labridae).[1] It contains the highest number of genera and species out of all the wrasse tribes, with 20 genera and over 200 species,[2] comprising almost a third of all wrasse species.[3]
Taxonomy
[edit]A 2005 molecular phylogenetic analysis strongly supports the monophyly of this clade.[2][3] It was formerly treated as the tribe Julidini, but is now recognized as its own subfamily by Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes.[1][4]
It also found that the cleaner wrasse genera that traditionally comprised the tribe Labrichthyini (Labrichthys, Labropsis, Diproctacanthus, Larabicus, and Labroides), although forming a monophyletic group, were all nested within Julidini. Labrichthys is the sister group to the other cleaner wrasse genera,[2][3] and does not act as a cleaner; it is an obligate corallivore for its entire life.[5] Larabicus, Diproctacanthus, and Labropsis are cleaners only as juveniles and feed on corals as adults, while Labroides is a cleaner for its entire life.[5][6][7]
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The subfamily Pseudolabrinae is likely the sister group of Julidinae, if not nested within the Julidinae; the former is additionally supported by Hughes et al 2023.[2][3]
Several genera in this tribe are problematic. Most notably, Halichoeres and Coris are paraphyletic or polyphyletic.[2][3] Gomphosus has also been repeatedly found nested within Thalassoma.[3]
The difficulty in resolving relationships within Julidini is a result of the rapid speciation of julidine wrasses.[3]
Evolution
[edit]The tribe Julidini likely originated in the Eocene.[3] It is hypothesized that the relatively warm and stable climate that followed the Early Eocene Climactic Optimum may have played a part in the diversification of julidine wrasses. Fossil julidine wrasses such as †Coris sigismundi have been found in rocks dating to the Miocene.[3][4] Potential fossil julidines such as †Eocoris Bannikov & Sorbini, 2010 and †Paralabrus Bannikov & Zorzini, 2019 are known as early as the Eocene, though their placement in this subfamily is uncertain.[8]
Genera
[edit]Based on Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes (2025):[9]
| Genera | Image |
|---|---|
| Anampses | ,_mar_Rojo,_Egipto,_2023-04-19,_DD_33.jpg?lang=en)
|
| Coris
Lacépède, 1801 |
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|
| Diproctacanthus
Bleeker, 1862 |
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|
| Frontilabrus
Randall & Condé, 1989 |
|
| Gomphosus
Lacépède, 1801 |
|
| Halichoeres
Rüppell, 1835 |
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|
| Hemigymnus
Günther, 1861 |
|
| Hologymnosus
Lacépède, 1801 |
|
| Labrichthys
Bleeker, 1854 |
_(46196860245).jpg?lang=en)
|
| Labroides
Bleeker, 1851 |
,_mar_Rojo,_Egipto,_2023-04-17,_DD_90_(cropped).jpg?lang=en)
|
| Labropsis
P. J. Schmidt, 1931 |
_(46196863905)_(cropped).jpg?lang=en)
|
| Larabicus | .jpg?lang=en)
|
| Leptojulis
Bleeker, 1862 |
|
| Macropharyngodon
Bleeker, 1862 |
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|
| Minilabrus
Randall & Dor, 1981 |
|
| Ophthalmolepis
Bleeker, 1862 |
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|
| Parajulis
Bleeker, 1865 |
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|
| Pseudocoris
Bleeker, 1862 |
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| Pseudojuloides
Fowler, 1949 |
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|
| Stethojulis
Günther, 1861 |
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| Thalassoma
Swainson, 1839 |
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| Xenojulis
de Beaufort, 1939 |
|
References
[edit]- ^ a b Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Van der Laan, R. (2025). "ESCHMEYER'S CATALOG OF FISHES: CLASSIFICATION". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 2025-02-10.
- ^ a b c d e Westneat, Mark W.; Alfaro, Michael E. (2005-03-11). "Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the reef fish family Labridae". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 36 (2): 370–390. Bibcode:2005MolPE..36..370W. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.02.001. PMID 15955516.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Hughes, Lily C; Nash, Chloe M; White, William T; Westneat, Mark W (2023-05-01). "Concordance and Discordance in the Phylogenomics of the Wrasses and Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae)". Systematic Biology. 72 (3): 530–543. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syac072. ISSN 1063-5157. PMID 36331534.
- ^ a b Brownstein, Chase D.; Harrington, Richard C.; Alencar, Laura R. V.; Bellwood, David R.; Choat, John H.; Rocha, Luiz A.; Wainwright, Peter C.; Tavera, Jose; Burress, Edward D.; Muñoz, Martha M.; Cowman, Peter F.; Near, Thomas J. (2025-05-07). "Phylogenomics establishes an Early Miocene reconstruction of reef vertebrate diversity". Science Advances. 11 (19) eadu6149. Bibcode:2025SciA...11.6149B. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adu6149. PMC 12057688. PMID 40333985.
- ^ a b Cole, A. J. (2010-03-01). "Cleaning to corallivory: ontogenetic shifts in feeding ecology of tubelip wrasse". Coral Reefs. 29 (1): 125–129. Bibcode:2010CorRe..29..125C. doi:10.1007/s00338-009-0563-z. ISSN 1432-0975.
- ^ Grutter, Alexandra S.; Feeney, William E. (2016-09-01). "Equivalent cleaning in a juvenile facultative and obligate cleaning wrasse: an insight into the evolution of cleaning in labrids?". Coral Reefs. 35 (3): 991–997. Bibcode:2016CorRe..35..991G. doi:10.1007/s00338-016-1460-x. ISSN 1432-0975.
- ^ Baliga, Vikram B.; Law, Chris J. (2016-01-01). "Cleaners among wrasses: Phylogenetics and evolutionary patterns of cleaning behavior within Labridae". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 94 (Pt A): 424–435. Bibcode:2016MolPE..94..424B. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.09.006. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 26458760.
- ^ BANNIKOV, ALEXANDRE F; ZORZIN, ROBERTO (2019). "Paralabrus rossiae, a new genus and species of putative labroid fish (Perciformes) from the Eocene of Bolca in northern Italy". Studi e ricerche sui giacimenti terziari di Bolca. XIX (16): 39–47.
- ^ Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Julidinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 24 August 2025.