2016年航天活动列表

2016年航天活动亮点,由上自下从左到右:
| |
轨道发射 | |
---|---|
首次 | 1月15日 |
末次 | 12月28日 |
总计 | 85 |
成功 | 82 |
失败 | 2 |
部分失败 | 1 |
标识符 | 83 |
火箭 | |
处女航 | |
退役 | |
载人航天 | |
轨道飞行次数 | 5 |
载人航天人数合计 | 14 |
舱外活动次数 | 4 |
概述
[编辑]2016年4月28日,俄罗斯为远东的东方航天发射场举行了落成典礼,首先进行了传统的联盟号2.1a发射,随后几年,东方航天发射场进行了扩建,以容纳安加拉系列火箭。中国长征七号运载火箭于6月25日在位于海南省文昌市的新建成的航天发射场成功首飞,长征五号运载火箭于也于11月3日在该发射场完成首飞。在2014年发射天鹅座3号货运飞船爆炸事故发生两年后,Antares火箭于10月17日再次飞行,其升级版230型火箭搭载俄罗斯RD-181发动机。
在多次失败的尝试之后,SpaceX开始将其猎鹰9号第一级火箭降落在無人駕駛著陸船,离其长期提出的开发可重复使用运载火箭的目标更近了一步。该公司表示,回收的发动机和结构未遭受重大损坏。[1]其中一枚着陆助推器B1021于2016年4月发射,并于2017年3月再次飞行;[2]另外两枚助推器被改装为侧置助推器,用于猎鹰重型火箭的首飞。[3]
ExoMars任务是欧洲和俄罗斯航天机构合作开展的,于3月14日发射,并于10月19日抵达火星。[4]此次飞行致力于天体生物学研究,搭载了到达火星轨道的ExoMars微量气体轨道器和着陆时坠毁的斯基亞帕雷利EDM登陸器。计划于2020年进行的后续飞行将搭载ExoMars罗莎琳德·富兰克林探测器和四台静态地面仪器。[5]与此同时,日本太空探测器“晓”号在花了五个月时间逐步调整轨道后,于五月开始对金星进行观测[6]。行星探索活动成为焦点,美国国家航空航天局的朱诺号探测器于7月4日进入木星轨道,随后美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的OSIRIS-REx探测器于9月8日发射,前往小行星101955“贝努”。最终,9月30日,罗塞塔号探测器在丘留莫夫-格拉西缅科彗星上缓慢着陆。[7][8]
载人航天飞行包括斯科特·凯利和米哈伊尔·科尔尼延科于三月份返回地球,他们此前在国际空间站执行了为期一年的任务,这是宇航员在空间站连续停留时间最长的一次。凯利还创下了美国人在太空轨道停留时间最长的纪录。2016年发射了四次国际空间站探险任务,编号为47至50,第一次探险任务使用最后一艘联盟号TMA-M飞船,后三次探险任务将使用现代化的联盟号MS飞船。第50次远征将持续到2017年。进行了多次舱外活动以维护国际空间站的外部。实验性的BEAM充气居住舱于4月16日安装到国际空间站,并于5月28日展开,开始为期两年的在轨测试。与此同时,中国于9月发射了新的天宫二号空间实验室,景海鹏和陈冬随后搭乘神舟十一号,于10月19日至11月17日期间首次访问了该实验室一个月。
轨道发射
[编辑]发射时间 (UTC) | 运载火箭 | 火箭编号 | 发射场 | 发射服务提供商 | |||
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有效载荷 (⚀ = 立方星) |
载荷用户 | 轨道 | 功能 | 再入时间 (UTC) | 结果 | ||
附注 | |||||||
January[编辑] | |||||||
15 January 16:57:04 |
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Belarus | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
17 January 18:42:18 |
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F9-021 | ![]() |
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NOAA / EUMETSAT | Low Earth | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
Final flight of the standard Falcon 9 v1.1, future flights will use the upgraded Falcon 9 Full Thrust. Falcon 9's first stage performed a soft landing on an autonomous spaceport drone ship in the Pacific Ocean, but the failure of one landing leg to lock into position caused it to fall over and break apart.[9] | |||||||
20 January 04:01:00 |
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C31 | ![]() |
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ISRO | Geosynchronous | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
27 January 23:20:48 |
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VA228 | ![]() |
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Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Spacecraft failure in 2019[10] | ||
29 January 22:20:09 |
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Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
Carries the first laser communication node for the European Data Relay System | |||||||
February[编辑] |
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1 February 07:29:04 |
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CNSA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
5 February 13:38:00 |
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AV-057 | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
7 February 00:21:07 |
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VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
7 February 00:30 |
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NADA | Low Earth | Earth observation | 30 June 2023[12] | Successful | ||
10 February 11:40:32 |
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NRO | Retrograde LEO | Reconnaissance | 在轨 | Operational | ||
NROL-45 mission. Spacecraft launched in a retrograde orbit. | |||||||
16 February 17:57:40 |
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ESA | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
17 February 08:45:00 |
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F30 | ![]() |
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JAXA / NASA | Low Earth | X-ray astronomy | 在轨 | Spacecraft failure | ||
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Nagoya University | Low Earth | Radiation / Amateur radio | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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MHI | Low Earth | Remote sensing / Space debris monitor | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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Kyushu Institute of Technology | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
Hitomi malfunctioned after initial checkouts, and is believed to have lost attitude control and snapped off its solar array. 28 April, JAXA has abandoned efforts to recover the spacecraft.[14][15] | |||||||
March[编辑] |
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4 March 23:35:00 |
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F9-022 | ![]() |
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SES S.A. | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
High-velocity landing test ended with a hard landing on the drone ship Of Course I Still Love You and destruction of the first stage. | |||||||
9 March 05:20:07 |
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VA229 | ![]() |
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Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
10 March 10:31:00 |
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C32 | ![]() |
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ISRO | Geosynchronous | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
13 March 18:56:00 |
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Roscosmos | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 17 October 2023[16] | Partial spacecraft failure[17] | ||
The launch succeeded on its second attempt after a rare pad abort the day before. | |||||||
14 March 09:31:42[5] |
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ESA | Areocentric orbit | Mars orbiter | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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ESA | TMI to Martian Surface | Mars lander | 19 October 2016 | Landing failure | ||
18 March 21:26:38 |
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Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 47/48 | 7 September 2016 01:13 |
Successful | ||
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. Final flight of the Soyuz TMA-M variant | |||||||
23 March 03:05:52 |
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AV-064 | ![]() |
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Orbital ATK / NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 22 June 2016 13:29 |
Successful | ||
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DOST / TU | Low Earth | Earth observation | 6 April 2020[19] | Successful | ||
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Planet Labs | Low Earth | Earth observation | First: 3 October 2017[20] Last: 10 November 2018[21] |
Successful | ||
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Spire Global | Low Earth | Earth observation | First: 27 February 2017[22] Last: 7 April 2017[23] |
8 successful, 1 failed to deploy | ||
Anomaly in the mixture ratio control valve assembly, causing the Atlas V booster engine to cut off five seconds early, resulting in a longer-than-usual Centaur orbital insertion burn.[18] Cubesats deployed from the ISS and the Cygnus spacecraft at a later date. | |||||||
24 March 09:42:00 |
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VKS | Low Earth (SSO) | Reconnaissance | 在轨 | Operational | ||
29 March 20:11:04 |
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CNSA | IGSO | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
31 March 16:23:57 |
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Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 14 October 2016 13:39 |
Successful | ||
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Tomsk Polytechnic University | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 20 October 2019[25] | Successful | ||
Tomsk-TPU-120 is a CubeSat deployed into orbit from ISS by Russian astronauts spacewalk on 17 August 2017.[24] | |||||||
April[编辑] |
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5 April 17:38:04 |
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CAS | Low Earth | Microgravity Science | 18 April 2016 08:30 |
Successful | ||
8 April 20:43:31 |
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F9-023 | ![]() |
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NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 11 May 2016 18:31 |
Successful | ||
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Bigelow Aerospace / NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | Technology demonstration / ISS Assembly | 在轨 | Operational | ||
First stage landed successfully on drone ship Of Course I Still Love You for the first time, the second successful landing overall | |||||||
25 April 21:02:13 |
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ESA | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Spacecraft failure[26] | ||
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CNES | Low Earth (SSO) | Astrophysics | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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Aalborg | Low Earth (SSO) | AIS ship tracking | 8 September 2023[27] | Successful | ||
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Polytechnic University of Turin | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 9 May 2024[28] | Successful | ||
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Liège | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 14 March 2024[29] | Successful | ||
28 April 02:01:21 |
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MSU | Low Earth (SSO) | Gamma-ray astronomy | 16 December 2023[30] | Satellite malfunction | ||
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SSAU | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 15 April 2024[31] | Successful | ||
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SSAU | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 4 March 2022[32] | Spacecraft failure | ||
First orbital flight from Vostochny Cosmodrome. | |||||||
28 April 07:20:00 |
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C33 | ![]() |
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ISRO | Geosynchronous | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
May[编辑] |
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6 May 05:21:00 |
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F9-024 | ![]() |
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JSAT | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
First stage landed on Of Course I Still Love You drone ship, the third successful landing and the first landing with a payload to geostationary transfer orbit. | |||||||
15 May 02:43 |
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CNSA | Low Earth (SSO) | Reconnaissance | 在轨 | Operational | ||
24 May 08:48:43 |
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ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
27 May 21:39:00 |
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F9-025 | ![]() |
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Thaicom | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
First stage landed on Of Course I Still Love You drone ship, the fourth successful landing and the second landing with a payload to geostationary transfer orbit. | |||||||
29 May 08:44:35 |
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VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Spacecraft failure | ||
Kosmos 2516 experienced a depressurization event in November 2020, which permanently disabled the satellite after four years in operation. It was replaced by GLONASS-K 705.[33] | |||||||
30 May 03:17:04 |
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CNSA | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() (Aleph-1 constellation)[34] |
Satellogic | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
June[编辑] |
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4 June 14:00:13 |
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VKS | Low Earth | Geodesy | 在轨 | Operational | ||
9 June 07:10:00 |
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Intelsat / DirecTV | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
11 June 17:51:00 |
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NRO | Geosynchronous | Reconnaissance | 在轨 | Operational | ||
NROL-37 mission. | |||||||
12 June 15:30:04 |
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CNSA | Geosynchronous | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
15 June 14:29:00 |
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F9-026 | ![]() |
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Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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ABS | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
Satellites were successfully delivered to orbit, first stage landing on drone ship failed. | |||||||
18 June 21:38:39 |
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VA230 | ![]() |
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EchoStar | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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BRI | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
22 June 03:56:00 |
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C34 | ![]() |
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ISRO | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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DLR | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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GHGSat | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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LAPAN | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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CSA | Low Earth (SSO) | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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Terra Bella | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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TU Berlin | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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Planet Labs | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | First: 20 October 2022 Last: 28 March 2023[35] |
Successful | ||
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Sathyabama University | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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College of Engineering, Pune | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
24 June 14:30:00 |
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AV-063 | ![]() |
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US Navy | GSO | Communications | 在轨 | Operational in off-nominal but usable orbit[36] | ||
25 June 12:00:07 |
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Y1 | ![]() |
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CMSA | Low Earth | Technology demonstration Flight test |
26 June 2016 07:41 |
Successful | ||
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NPU | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 29 September 2016 | Successful | ||
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CALT | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 27 August 2016 | Successful | ||
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Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 27 August 2016 | Successful | |||
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Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 24 August 2016 | Successful | |||
Maiden flight of the Long March 7 rocket and the first launch from the Wenchang Satellite Launch Center.[37] | |||||||
29 June 03:21:04 |
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CNSA | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
July[编辑] |
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7 July 01:36:40 |
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Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 48/49 | 30 October 2016 03:58 |
Successful | ||
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. Maiden flight of the modernized Soyuz MS spacecraft variant. | |||||||
16 July 21:41:45 |
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Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 1 February 2017 18:24 |
Successful | ||
18 July 04:45:29 |
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F9-027 | ![]() |
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NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 26 August 15:47 |
Successful | ||
Delivering the IDA-2 segment of the NASA Docking System. Second successful return to launch site and vertical landing of a first stage, demonstrated as part of a controlled descent test. | |||||||
28 July 12:37:00 |
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AV-065 | ![]() |
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NRO | Geosynchronous[38] | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
August[编辑] |
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5 August 16:22:04 |
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CAST | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
9 August 22:55:25 |
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CAST | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
14 August 05:26:00 |
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F9-028 | ![]() |
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JSAT | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
15 August 17:40:04 |
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CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 19 August 2016[40] | Spacecraft failure | ||
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UPC | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 18 December 2023[41] | Successful | ||
19 August 04:52:00 |
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US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Space surveillance | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Space surveillance | 在轨 | Operational | ||
24 August 22:16:01 |
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VA232 | ![]() |
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Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational[42] | ||
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Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
31 August 18:50:00 |
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CAST | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 31 August 2016 | Launch failure | ||
September[编辑] |
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3 September 07:00–09:00 (scheduled)[44] |
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Spacecom | Planned: Geosynchronous | Communications | N/A | Destroyed prior to launch[43] | ||
Launch pad explosion destroyed both the rocket and the satellite two days prior to scheduled launch, on 2016年9月1日 13:07 (UTC)[43] | .|||||||
8 September 11:20:00 |
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F05 | ![]() |
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ISRO | Geosynchronous | Meteorology | 在轨 | Operational | ||
8 September 23:05:00 |
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AV-067 | ![]() |
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NASA | Heliocentric | Asteroid sample return | 在轨 | Operational | ||
Reached asteroid Bennu in December 2018. Scheduled to return to Earth in September 2023. | |||||||
13 September 14:38:00 |
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Israel Defense Forces | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 在轨 | Satellite malfunction[45] | ||
15 September 14:04:12 |
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T2 | ![]() |
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CMSA | Low Earth | Space station | 19 July 2019[46] 13:06 |
Successful | ||
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SAST | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 15 July 2019[47] | Successful | ||
Second Chinese space laboratory, BanXing 2 deployed 22 October | |||||||
16 September 01:43:35 |
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Peruvian Armed Forces | Low Earth (SSO) | Reconnaissance | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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Terra Bella | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
26 September 03:42:00 |
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C35 | ![]() |
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ISRO | Low Earth (SSO) | Meteorology | 在轨 | Successful[48] | ||
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Algerian Space Agency | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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Algerian Space Agency | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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BlackSky Global | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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IIT Bombay | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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PES University | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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Algerian Space Agency | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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UTIAS Space Flight Laboratory | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 21 April 2022[49] | Successful | ||
Final launch of the original Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-G configuration with S9 solid rocket motors. | |||||||
October[编辑] |
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5 October 20:30 |
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VA231 | ![]() |
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NBN | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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ISRO | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
16 October 23:30 |
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Y11 | ![]() |
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CMSA | Low Earth | Docking with Tiangong-2 | 18 November 2016 06:15 |
Successful | ||
Crewed flight with two astronauts[50] | |||||||
17 October 23:45 |
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NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 27 November 2016 23:36 |
Successful | ||
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Spire Global | Low Earth | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
CubeSats were deployed from the ISS and Cygnus spacecraft at a later date. | |||||||
19 October 08:05 |
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Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 49/50 | 10 April 2017 11:20 |
Successful | ||
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts | |||||||
November[编辑] |
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2 November 06:20:00 |
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F31 | ![]() |
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JMA | Geosynchronous | Meteorology | 在轨 | Operational | ||
3 November 12:42 |
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CNSA | Geosynchronous | Technology demonstration / Space rendezvous | 在轨 | Operational | ||
Maiden flight of the Long March 5 rocket. Chinese state media claims Shijian-17 is a test of electric propulsion, though this is disputed by outside analysts tracking the satellite's unusual space rendezvous movements.[51][52] | |||||||
9 November 23:42[53] |
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CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | X-ray pulsar-based navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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Changsha Gaoxinqu Tianyi Research Institute | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() |
Zhejiang LiTong Electronic Technology Co. | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() |
Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | |||
11 November 18:30 |
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AV-062 | ![]() |
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DigitalGlobe | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 30 November 2021 05:20[57] |
Spacecraft failure | ||
⚀ ![]() |
M42 Technologies | Low Earth (SSO) | Calibration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() |
LANL | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() |
Aerospace | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() |
NASA Orbital Debris Program Office | Low Earth (SSO) | Calibration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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JHU/APL | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration / Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
CubeSats deployed after WorldView-4 separation as part of NRO-sponsored ENTERPRISE mission. WorldView-4 experienced a failure in one of its control moment gyroscopes in January 2019, making the spacecraft unrecoverable.[56] | |||||||
11 November 23:14 |
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SAST | Low Earth | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
17 November 13:06:48 |
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VA233 | ![]() |
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ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
First Galileo launch with Ariane 5 (8th overall), carrying Antonianna, Lisa, Kimberley, and Tijmen. | |||||||
17 November 20:20:14 |
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Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 50/51/52 | 2 June 2017 | Successful | ||
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. Peggy Whitson's mission was prolonged over Expedition 52 until September 2017. | |||||||
19 November 23:42:00 |
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AV-069 | ![]() |
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NASA / NOAA | Geosynchronous | Meteorology | 在轨 | Operational | ||
22 November 15:24:04 |
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CNSA | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
December[编辑] |
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1 December 14:52 |
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Roscosmos | Planned: Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 1 December | Launch failure | ||
5 December 13:51:44 |
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Turkish Armed Forces | Low Earth (SSO) | Reconnaissance | 在轨 | Operational | ||
7 December 04:54 |
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C36 | ![]() |
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ISRO | Low Earth (SSO) | Remote sensing | 在轨 | Operational | ||
7 December 23:53 |
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US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
9 December 13:26:47 |
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F6 | ![]() |
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JAXA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 5 February 2017 15:06 |
Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() |
UTokyo | Low Earth | Technology demonstration / Re-entry Demonstration | 15 May 2017[63] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() |
GAUSS Srl | Low Earth | TubeSat Deployment / Amateur radio | 8 September 2017[64] | Successful | ||
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NTU / Kyutech | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 1 November 2018[65] | Successful | ||
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Kagawa University | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 3 March 2018[66] | Successful | ||
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Nakashimada Engineering Works / Tohoku University | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 5 February 2017[67] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() |
University of Tsukuba | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 3 January 2019[68] | Successful | ||
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Waseda University | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 6 October 2018[69] | Successful | ||
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Open Space Network | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 11 January 2018[70] | Successful | ||
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Escola Municipal Presidente Tancredo de Almeida Neves/INPE | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 18 October 2017[71] | Successful | ||
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SJSU/UI | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 29 July 2017[72] | Successful | ||
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Spire Global | Low Earth | AIS | First: 15 April 2018[73] Last: 5 December 2018[74] |
Successful | ||
CubeSats to be deployed at a later date. Tancredo-1 and OSNSAT are carried inside TuPOD and to be deployed from it. STARS-C was deployed on 19 December 2016. ITF-2, WASEDA-SAT3, FREEDOM, EGG, AOBA-Velox III, and TuPOD were deployed on 16 January 2017.[58] Tancredo-1 and OSNSAT were released from TuPOD on 19 January 2017.[59] Lemur-2 and TechEdSat-5 were deployed on 6–7 March 2017.[60][61][62] | |||||||
10 December 16:11:00 |
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CMA | Geosynchronous | Meteorology | 在轨 | Operational | ||
15 December 13:37:21 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Meteorology | 在轨 | Operational | ||
18 December 19:13 |
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AV-071 | ![]() |
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HughesNet | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
20 December 11:00 |
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Epsilon-2[75] | ![]() |
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JAXA | Medium Earth (elliptical) | Magnetospherics | 在轨 | Operational | ||
21 December 19:22 |
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CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
21 December 20:30 |
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VA234 | ![]() |
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Star One | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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JSAT | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
28 December 03:23:56 |
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Beijing Space View Technology | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Partial launch failure; Operational | ||
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Beijing Space View Technology | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Partial launch failure; Operational | ||
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China Association for Science and Technology | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 18 February 2017[78] | Partial launch failure; Successful | ||
Launch vehicle problem deployed satellites in a lower than planned orbit. SuperView satellites raising their own orbits, but CubeSats cannot so may have short lifespan.[77] |
亚轨道飞行
[编辑]发射时间 (UTC) | 运载火箭 | 火箭编号 | 发射场 | 发射服务提供商 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有效载荷 (⚀ = 立方星) |
载荷用户 | 轨道 | 功能 | 再入时间 (UTC) | 结果 | ||
附注 | |||||||
15 January 03:00:00 |
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TPU / Tohoku University / Tokai University / KU / JAXA | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 15 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: 161公里(100英里)[79] | |||||||
22 January | ![]() |
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Blue Origin | Suborbital | Test flight | 22 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: 101.7公里(63.2英里)[80] | |||||||
23 January 08:30 |
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DLR / ESA | Suborbital | Microgravity | 23 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: 252公里(157英里) | |||||||
28 January | ![]() |
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MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 28 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 300公里(190英里), CTV-02+ target | |||||||
28 January | ![]() |
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MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 28 January | Successful | |||
CTV-02+, successful test flight, the CE-II kill vehicle performed scripted maneuvers to demonstrate performance of alternate divert thrusters. Upon entering terminal phase, the kill vehicle initiated a planned burn sequence to evaluate the alternate divert thrusters until fuel was exhausted, intentionally precluding an intercept. | |||||||
2 February 21:09 |
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SSC | Suborbital | Technology | 2 February | Successful | ||
Apogee: 138公里(86英里) | |||||||
21 February 07:34 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 21 February | Successful | |||
GT217GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ? | |||||||
22 February 04:15 |
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LASP | Suborbital | Astronomy | 22 February | Successful | ||
Apogee: 309公里(192英里) | |||||||
26 February 07:01 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 26 February | Successful | |||
GT218GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ? | |||||||
1 March 14:50 |
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West Virginia University | Suborbital | Technology experiments | 1 March | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~185 kilometers (115 mi)[81] | |||||||
7 March 12:05 |
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NASA Ames | Suborbital | Technology experiment | 7 March | Successful | ||
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Montana State University | Suborbital | Technology experiment | 7 March | Successful | ||
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Controlled Dynamics | Suborbital | Technology experiment | 7 March | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~159 kilometers (99 mi) | |||||||
7 March | ![]() |
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Indian Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 March | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 km? | |||||||
8 March | ![]() |
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IRGC | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 March | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~150公里(93英里) | |||||||
14 March | ![]() |
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IDRDL | Suborbital | Missile test | 14 March | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~500公里(310英里)? | |||||||
14 March | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 14 March | Successful | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 52 | |||||||
15 March | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 15 March | Successful | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 52 | |||||||
16 March | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 16 March | Successful | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 52 | |||||||
31 March | ![]() |
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Indian Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 31 March | Successful | |||
First K-4 launch from a submarine[82] | |||||||
2 April 15:18 |
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Blue Origin | Suborbital | Test flight | 2 April | Successful | ||
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Southwest Research Institute | Suborbital | Microgravity experiment | 2 April | Successful | ||
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University of Central Florida | Suborbital | Microgravity experiment | 2 April | Successful | ||
Apogee: 103.8 kilometers (64.5 mi). Third successful booster landing of the same rocket.[83] | |||||||
19 April 06:41 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 19 April | Successful | |||
Yu-71 Hypersonic Vehicle Test, Apogee: 1,000公里(620英里)? | |||||||
26 April 17:00 |
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CSSAR | Suborbital | Environment monitoring | 26 April | Successful | ||
Apogee: 316公里(196英里) | |||||||
18 May 00:45 |
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DSTO | Suborbital | Technology | 18 May | Successful | ||
Apogee: 278公里(173英里) | |||||||
18 May 07:02 |
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MDA | Suborbital | Radar target | 18 May | Successful | |||
Medium Range Ballistic Missile Target, Aegis radar target FTX-21, apogee: 300公里(190英里)? | |||||||
25 May | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 25 May | Successful | |||
Apogee: 100公里(62英里)? | |||||||
26 May | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 26 May | Successful | |||
Apogee: 100公里(62英里)? | |||||||
1 June 19:00 |
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CU Boulder | Suborbital | SDO calibration | 1 June | Successful | ||
Apogee: 290公里(180英里) | |||||||
19 June 14:35 |
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Blue Origin | Suborbital | Test flight | 19 June | Successful | ||
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Purdue University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics | Suborbital | Microgravity experiment | 19 June | Successful | ||
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Louisiana State University | Suborbital | Microgravity experiment | 19 June | Successful | ||
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Braunschweig University of Technology | Suborbital | Microgravity experiment | 19 June | Successful | ||
Apogee: 101 kilometers (62.8 mi). Fourth successful booster landing of the same rocket. | |||||||
21 June[84] 23:03 |
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Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 21 June | Successful | ||
Apogee: 1,400公里(870英里). | |||||||
24 June 10:06 |
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CU Boulder | Suborbital | Student experiments | 24 June | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~119公里(74英里) | |||||||
30 June 09:43 |
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Oslo/Andøya | Suborbital | Atmospheric Science | 30 June | Successful | ||
Apogee: 115公里(71英里) | |||||||
? June | ![]() |
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Royal Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | ? June | Launch failure | |||
– | |||||||
1 July 07:18 |
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DGA/Marine nationale | Suborbital | Test flight | 1 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000公里(620英里)? | |||||||
8 July 13:01 |
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Oslo/Andøya | Suborbital | Atmospheric Science | 8 July | Successful | ||
Apogee: 117公里(73英里) | |||||||
11 July | ![]() |
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AFIRI | Suborbital | Missile test | 11 July | Launch failure | |||
19 July 04:05 |
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DLR | Suborbital | Technology | 19 July | Successful | ||
Apogee: 182公里(113英里) | |||||||
27 July 18:26 |
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NASA/MSFC | Suborbital | Solar research | 27 July | Spacecraft failure | ||
Apogee: 250公里(160英里) | |||||||
17 August 11:33 |
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University of Colorado Boulder | Suborbital | Student Research | 17 August | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~153公里(95英里) | |||||||
23 August[84] 20:29 |
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Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 23 August | Successful | ||
Apogee: about 550公里(340英里), according to South Korean military. | |||||||
25 August | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 25 August | Launch failure | |||
31 August | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 31 August | Successful | |||
5 September[84] 03:13 |
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Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 5 September | Successful | ||
Apogee: about 200公里(120英里).[85] 1 of 3. | |||||||
5 September[84] 03:13 |
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Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 5 September | Successful | ||
Apogee: about 200公里(120英里).[85] 2 of 3. | |||||||
5 September[84] 03:13 |
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Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 5 September | Successful | ||
Apogee: about 200公里(120英里).[85] 3 of 3. | |||||||
5 September 09:10 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 5 September | Successful | |||
GT219GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ? | |||||||
9 September | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 September | Successful | |||
27 September | ![]() |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 27 September | Successful | |||
27 September | ![]() |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 27 September | Launch failure? | |||
The second missile self destroyed "after completing the first phase of the flight", maybe intentional. It appears to be a normal practice in salvo launches. The missile probably carried mockups instead of working upper stages and warheads to save money. | |||||||
5 October 15:37 |
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Blue Origin | Suborbital | Test flight | 5 October | Successful | ||
In-flight escape test 45 seconds after launch. Booster unexpectedly survived and reached an apogee of 93.7公里(58.2英里) before completing its fifth successful landing. | |||||||
12 October | ![]() |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 October | Successful | |||
12 October | ![]() |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 October | Successful | |||
12 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 October | Successful | |||
25 October 08:58 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 25 October | Successful | |||
Yu-71 Hypersonic Vehicle Test, Apogee: 1,000公里(620英里)? | |||||||
22 November | ![]() |
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IDRDL | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~500公里(310英里)? | |||||||
6 December | ![]() |
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IRGC | Suborbital | Missile test | 6 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~150公里(93英里) | |||||||
8 December | ![]() |
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PLA | Suborbital | ABM target | 8 December | Successful | |||
Target | |||||||
8 December | ![]() |
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PLA | Suborbital | ABM test | 8 December | Successful | |||
Interceptor | |||||||
15 December | ![]() |
FTM-27 | ![]() |
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MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 15 December | Successful | |||
FTM-27 target, successfully intercepted by two SM-6 missiles in low altitude | |||||||
15 December 16:15 |
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Zombie Pathfinder | ![]() |
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US Army | Suborbital | Test flight | 15 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 80公里(50英里)? | |||||||
26 December 05:35 |
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DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 26 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~800公里(500英里) |
深空机动
[编辑]日期 (UTC) | 航天器 | 事件 | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|
14 January | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 53公里(33英里).[86] |
15 January[87] | Cassini | 116th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 3,817公里(2,372英里). |
31 January | Cassini | 117th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,400公里(870英里). |
16 February | Cassini | 118th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,018公里(633英里). |
4 April | Cassini | 119th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 990 kilometres (615 mi). |
6 May | Cassini | 120th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 971公里(603英里). |
7 June | Cassini | 121st flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 975公里(606英里). |
4 July[88] | Juno | Orbit injection around Jupiter (jovicentric) | First solar-powered Jovian probe, second orbiter. |
4 July | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 350公里(220英里). |
25 July | Cassini | 122nd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 976公里(606英里). |
10 August | Cassini | 123rd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,599公里(994英里). |
27 August | Juno | 1st perijove of Jupiter | Closest approach: 2,600公里(1,600英里).[89] |
26 September | Cassini | 124th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,737公里(1,079英里). |
30 September | Rosetta | Landing on 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko | Probe was programmed to deactivate its thrusters and radio transmissions after landing. |
19 October | Trace Gas Orbiter (ExoMars 2016) | Orbit injection around Mars (areocentric) | |
19 October | Schiaparelli (ExoMars 2016) | Landing on Mars, Meridiani Planum | Probe entered Martian atmosphere intact, but contact was lost 50 seconds before expected landing.[90] NASA's MRO later identified the Schiaparelli crash site at coordinates 2°03′S 6°14′W / 2.05°S 6.24°W, confirming the loss of the lander.[91] |
19 October | Juno | 2nd perijove | Period Reduction Maneuver[92] originally planned, but delayed due to valve issues.[93] The maneuver was later cancelled entirely in favor of remaining in a 53-day orbit.[94] |
13 November | Cassini | 125th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,582公里(983英里). |
16 November | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 127公里(79英里). |
29 November | Cassini | 126th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 3,223公里(2,003英里). |
11 December | Juno | 3rd perijove |
舱外活动
[编辑]开始时间 | 持续时间 | 结束时间 | 航天器 | 乘组 | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
15 January 13:48 |
4 hours 43 minutes | 18:31 | Expedition 46 ISS Quest |
Replaced a failed voltage regulator responsible for shutting down one of the station's eight power channels in November 2015, and routed cables in support of the installation of the International Docking Adaptor. EVA terminated two hours early due to water leakage in Kopra's helmet, but the primary task was accomplished.[95] | |
3 February 12:55 |
4 hours 45 minutes | 17:40 | Expedition 46 ISS Pirs |
Deployed a commemorative flash drive, took samples of module exteriors, installed handrails for use in future EVAs, retrieved an astrobiology experiment, deployed a materials science experiment, and tested a tool for applying coatings to module exteriors.[96] | |
19 August 12:04 |
5 hours 58 minutes | 18:02 | Expedition 48 ISS Quest |
The astronauts installed the International Docking Adapter (IDA) which was delivered by Dragon CRS-9, allowing future commercial crew spacecraft to dock with the station. This first IDA was attached to Harmony's forward port, over the existing Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA).[97][98] The EVA terminated after completing the primary objective, without completing the secondary objectives, due to a malfunction of the right earphone of Jeff Williams. | |
1 September 11:53 |
6 hours 48 minutes | 18:41 | Expedition 48 ISS Quest |
The crew retracted a thermal radiator which is a backup, and then installed the first pair of several high-definition cameras to monitor the traffic around the station. Then they have performed some maintenance operations.[99] |
空间碎片事件
[编辑]发生时间(UTC) | 碎片源 | 事件类型 | 追踪碎片数 | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|---|
3月26日01:42[100] | 瞳 | 卫星解体 | 10[101] | 在早期调试阶段,日本宇宙航空研究开发机构与刚发射的“瞳”望远镜失去了通信。与此同时,联合太空指挥中心观测到5块、随后是10块碎片从“瞳”脱落,其中一块碎片的雷达信号显示其大小与主航天器相当。[102]“瞳”陷入翻滚并发出短暂而断断续续的通讯。此次翻滚是由于惯性参考装置故障,错误地报告航天器正在旋转而引起的。当姿态控制系统试图纠正不存在的旋转时,不必要的修正本身被认为是造成后续故障的原因,最终导致航天器于4月28日坠毁。[103][104]
命运弄人,与“瞳”一起飞行的次要有效载荷之一是中部卫星3号,这是一颗专门用于监测全球变暖效应和太空垃圾的微型卫星。[105] |
6月1日09:20[106] | SL-12R/B(#33473) | 助推器解体 | 20+[106] | 2008年12月发射的俄罗斯质子-M火箭的一个沉底发动机因不明原因爆炸。[107] |
轨道发射统计
[编辑]按国家(区域)
[编辑]就本章节的主旨而言,每次航天飞行所属的国家以火箭的原产国为准,而不是发射服务提供商或发射场所在国。例如,西欧阿丽亚娜空间公司在南美洲圭亚那航天中心发射的联盟号火箭应视作俄罗斯的发射,因为联盟2号是俄罗斯火箭。
- 中国: 22
- 法国: 7
- 意大利: 2
- 印度: 7
- 以色列: 1
- 日本: 4
- 朝鲜: 1
- 俄罗斯: 19
- 美国: 22
国家(区域) | 发射数 | 成功数 | 失败数 | 部分失败数 |
备注 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
22 | 20 | 1 | 1 | ||
![]() |
7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
19 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 包括阿丽亚娜空间公司从圭亚那航天中心发射的2次欧洲联盟号火箭 | |
![]() |
22 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 另有1次发射前失败(猎鹰9号AMOS6卫星任务) | |
总计 | 85 | 82 | 2 | 1 |
按火箭
[编辑]By family
[编辑]Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antares | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane | ![]() |
7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas | ![]() |
8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta | ![]() |
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Epsilon | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon | ![]() |
8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 Pre-launch failure |
GSLV | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-II | ![]() |
3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March | ![]() |
22 | 20 | 1 | 1 | |
Pegasus | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV | ![]() |
6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
R-7 | ![]() |
14 | 13 | 1 | 0 | |
Shavit | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Unha | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Universal Rocket | ![]() |
5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | ![]() |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
By type
[编辑]Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antares 200 | ![]() |
Antares | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden Flight |
Ariane 5 | ![]() |
Ariane | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V | ![]() |
Atlas | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV | ![]() |
Delta | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Epsilon | ![]() |
Epsilon | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 | ![]() |
Falcon | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 Pre-launch failure |
GSLV | ![]() |
GSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA | ![]() |
H-II | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | ![]() |
H-II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2 | ![]() |
Long March | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | |
Long March 3 | ![]() |
Long March | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4 | ![]() |
Long March | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
Long March 5 | ![]() |
Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 7 | ![]() |
Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 11 | ![]() |
Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Pegasus XL | ![]() |
Pegasus | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton | ![]() |
Universal Rocket | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV | ![]() |
PSLV | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit | ![]() |
Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz | ![]() |
R-7 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2 | ![]() |
R-7 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Unha | ![]() |
Unha | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
UR-100 | ![]() |
Universal Rocket | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | ![]() |
Vega | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
By configuration
[编辑]Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antares 230 | ![]() |
Antares 200 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden Flight |
Ariane 5 ECA | ![]() |
Ariane 5 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane 5 ES | ![]() |
Ariane 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 401 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 411 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 421 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 431 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Atlas V 541 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 551 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (4,2) | ![]() |
Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (5,2) | ![]() |
Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (5,4) | ![]() |
Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Heavy | ![]() |
Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Epsilon | ![]() |
Epsilon | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 v1.1 | ![]() |
Falcon 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Falcon 9 Full Thrust | ![]() |
Falcon 9 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 Pre-launch failure |
GSLV Mk II | ![]() |
GSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA 202 | ![]() |
H-IIA | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | ![]() |
H-IIB | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2D | ![]() |
Long March 2 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | |
Long March 2F/G | ![]() |
Long March 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3A | ![]() |
Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3B/E | ![]() |
Long March 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3C/E | ![]() |
Long March 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3C/E / YZ-1 | ![]() |
Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4B | ![]() |
Long March 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4C | ![]() |
Long March 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Long March 5 / YZ-2 | ![]() |
Long March 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 7 / YZ-1A | ![]() |
Long March 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 11 | ![]() |
Long March 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Pegasus XL | ![]() |
Pegasus XL | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton-M / Briz-M | ![]() |
Proton | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-G | ![]() |
PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-XL | ![]() |
PSLV | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Rokot / Briz-KM | ![]() |
UR-100 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit-2 | ![]() |
Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a or ST-A | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a or ST-A / Fregat-M | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a / Volga | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Soyuz-2.1b or ST-B | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b or ST-B / Fregat-M | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b or ST-B / Fregat-MT | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-FG | ![]() |
Soyuz | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-U | ![]() |
Soyuz | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Unha-3 | ![]() |
Unha | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | ![]() |
Vega | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
按发射场
[编辑]Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baikonur | ![]() |
11 | 10 | 1 | 0 | |
Cape Canaveral | ![]() |
18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 Pre-launch failure |
Jiuquan | ![]() |
9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
Kourou | ![]() |
11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | |
MARS | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Palmachim | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Plesetsk | ![]() |
5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Satish Dhawan | ![]() |
7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Sohae | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Taiyuan | ![]() |
4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
Tanegashima | ![]() |
3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Uchinoura | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Vandenberg | ![]() |
3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Vostochny | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | First launch |
Wenchang | ![]() |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | First launch |
Xichang | ![]() |
7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 85 | 82 | 2 | 1 |
按轨道
[编辑]- Transatmospheric
- Low Earth
- Low Earth (ISS)
- Low Earth (SSO)
- Low Earth (retrograde)
- Medium Earth
- Geosychronous
(transfer) - Inclined GSO
- High Earth
- Heliocentric
Orbital regime | Launches | Achieved | Not achieved | Accidentally achieved |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transatmospheric | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Low Earth | 43 | 42 | 2 | 0 | Including 11 to ISS (+1 failed), 1 to Tiangong-2 |
Geosynchronous / transfer | 32 | 32 | 0 | 0 | |
Medium Earth | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
High Earth | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Heliocentric orbit | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Including planetary transfer orbits |
Total | 85 | 83 | 2 | 0 |
参考
[编辑]- 中国国家航天局
- 中国探月网
- Encyclopedia Astronautica
- Gunter's Space Page - Chronology of Space Launches
- 日本宇宙航空研究開發機構
- Jonathan's Space Report(SatCat.txt与Launchlog.txt两项)
- Mission Set Database (NASA GFC)
- NASA
- NASA SpaceFlight.com
- Orbital Report News Agency's Launch Logs
- Space Calander (NASA JPL)
- Southwest Space Archive
- SPACE.com Launch Forecast
- SpaceFlightNow
- Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive
- U.S. Space Objects Registry
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|df=
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