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The following tables list the International phonetic Alphabet used for Gan Chinese (贛語).

Initial consonants
IPA[i] Pinyin[i] Examples[ii]
ɕ x [ɕjɛn˨˩˧ it꜊ ɕjɛn˨˩˧] 險一險
f f [fɨt˨ tʰɛw꜊ tjɛn˦˨ law˨˩˧] 佛頭顛腦
h h [ha˩ tɕiw˧˥] 下晝
k g [kaj˨˩˧ waj˦˨ kaw꜊ tsɿ꜊] 解歪交子
kʰ k [ho˨˦ kʰu˨˩˧ laj˧˥] 何苦來
l l [la˧˥ tɕʰjɛw˨˩˧] 拿俏
m m [tsʰa˦˨ maw˧˥ tsʰaw˨˩˧] 叉茅草
ŋ ng [ŋjɛw˧˥ lɛt˥] 漚熱
ɲ[iii] n [ɲit˥ tʰjɛn˦˨] 日天
p b [pjɛn˧˥ ɕjɔŋ˧˥] 變相
pʰ p [ta˨˩˧ pʰu˨˦ tɕʰiw꜊] 打匍泅
s s [ɲit˥ sɔŋ˩] 日上
t d [it˥ ŋaj˦˨ taw꜊] 一挨到
tɕ j [tɕʰjaʔ˥ tɕiw˧˥ fan˩] 吃晝飯
tɕʰ q [tɕʰjaʔ˥ ka˧˥] 吃價
tʰ t [tjaʔ˥ ka꜊ tʰaj˩ tsɿ꜊] 滴家大子
ts z [tsɔʔ˥ tʰjɛn˨˦ ko꜊] 作田個
tsʰ c [tsʰɔʔ˨ tɕʰi˨˩˧] 着氣
Vowels
IPA[i] Pinyin[i] Examples[ii]
a a [ta˨˩˧ ma˨˩˧ ma꜊ tɕjɛn˦˨] 打馬馬肩
aj ai [ɲit˥ saj˧˥ ja˩ lu˩] 日曬夜露
aw au [kaj˨˩˧ kaw˦˨] 解交
e e [he˨˩˧ ɲit˥] 許日
ɛw eu [tsʰɔʔ˨ taw꜊ ljɛw꜊] 着到了
i i [tʰi˨˩˧ tʰɛw˨˦] 剃頭
ja ia [tʰon˩ ja˩] 斷夜
je ie [tɕʰje˨˩˧ kwj˦˨] 去歸
jɛu ieu [lɔʔ˥ kʰjɛw˨˩˧ ɕjɛw˦˨ jɔŋ˧˥] 落口消烊
ɨj i [fɨj˦˨ kwn˨˩˧] 飛滾
ɨw eru [jaŋ˧˥ sɨw꜊] (得)贏手
iw iu [tiw˦˨ kɔŋ˦˨ kʰjɛw˨˩˧] 丟江口
o o [ko˨˩˧ sɿ꜊ kʰjɛt˥] 箇時刻
ɵ er [ɵ˧˥ tɕin꜊] 而今
ɹ̩[iii] ii [sɨw˨˩˧ ɲɨɛt˥ tsɿ꜊] 手捏子
u u [tʰo˨˦ tʰu˩] 馱肚
uj ui [suj˧˥ mi꜊ tsɿ꜊ tsuj˨˩˧] 碎米子嘴
wa ua [wa˩ pɨt꜊ tsɔŋ˦˨] 話(渠)不張
waj uai [kwaj˦˨ tsaj˨˩˧] 乖崽
wo uo [ɕjaŋ˦˨ tsɿ꜊ kwo˧˥ uj˩] 星子過位
y yu [tɔʔ˥ y˨˩˧] 涿雨
ɥe yue [tɕɥe˦˨ tsɿ꜊] 瘸子
Final consonants
IPA[i] Pinyin
[i] 		Examples[ii]
FC Rhyme
m / m [m ma] 姆媽
-n / n [n˨˩˧ wa˩ pɨt꜊ tsɔʔ˥] 你話不着
an an [tsa˦˨ san˨˩˧] 遮傘
ɛn en [sɔŋ˩ lɛn˩] 上凌
jɛn ien [tʰjɛn˦˨ fan˩] 添飯
ɨn ern [kʰaj˦˨ jɔŋ˧˥ fɨn˦˨] 開洋葷
in in [pin˦˨ laŋ˨˩˧ suʔ tɕin˩] 冰冷肅靜
on on [pʰon˨˦ tɕin꜊ pʰon˨˦ tsʰɨt˥] 盤進盤出
un un [pʰuʔ˨ taw꜊ kʰun˨˩˧] 匐到睏
wan uan [wan˧˥ fa˦˨ tʰɛw꜊] 玩花頭
won uon [ɕjɔʔ˥ suj˨˩˧ won꜊ tsɿ꜊] 削水碗子
yn yun [ko˦˨ yn˩ tuj˧˥] 歌詠隊
ɥon yuon [ɲit˥ tɕɥon˨˩˧ ja˩ pʰu˦˨] 日捲夜鋪
-ŋ / ng [ŋ˧˥ tsʰaj꜊] 蕹菜
aŋ ang [wa˩ pɨt꜊ tsaŋ˧˥] 話不正
jaŋ jang [tɕʰjaʔ˥ ljaŋ˧˥ suj꜊] 吃零碎
jɔŋ iong [fɔʔ˥ sɛn꜊ ɲjɔŋ˧˥ ɲjɔŋ꜊] 霍閃娘娘
juŋ iung [tʰo˨˦ ɕjuŋ˧˥] 馱熊
ɔŋ ong [tɔŋ˦˨ tɕiw˧˥] 當晝
uŋ ung [mjɛn˨˦ muŋ˩] 眠夢
waŋ uang [waŋ˧˥ tsʰɨt꜊] 橫直
wɔŋ uong [tʰjɛn˦˨ kwɔŋ˦˨] 天光
-t at at [kat˥ pan˨˩˧ tɕʰi˨˩˧] (受)夾板氣
ɛt et [laj˩ tɛt ho˨˦] 奈得(渠)何
jɛt iet [ŋaw˧˥ ljɛt꜊] 拗捩
it it [ɲit˥ tʰɛw꜊] 日頭
ɨt ert [pɨt˥ kan˦˨ pɨt˥ kaj˧˥] 不尷不尬
ot ot [mot˨ tɕɥ˦˨ li˨˦] 莫拘禮
ut ut [ŋa˦˨ pʰo꜊ ut˥ li꜊] 阿婆屋裏
wat uat [kwat˥ jɔŋ˧˥ fo˨˩˧] 刮洋火
wɛt uet [kwɛt˥ ɲy˨˩˧] 國語(課)
wot uot [wot˨ fan꜊] 活泛
ɥot yuot [ɕɥot˥ jɔŋ˧˥ ljɛw꜊] 雪烊了
ɥt yt [tɕɥt˥ tsɿ꜊] 橘子
-ʔ aʔ ah [sat˥ pʰaʔ˨] 煞白
jaʔ iah [tsʰa˦˨ tjaʔ˥ tsɿ꜊] 差滴子
jɔʔ ioh [tɕjɔʔ˥ ku꜊ tsɿ꜊] 腳股子
juʔ iuh [ɕjuʔ˥ tʰɛw˨˦ fat꜊] 蓄頭髮
ɔʔ oh [tsʰɔʔ˨ sɛt˥] 着嗇
uʔ uh [tɕʰi˨˩˧ uʔ˥] 起屋
Tones
IPA
[i] 		Numeric
contours 		Tonal
categories
(sequence) 		Examples[ii]
˦˨ ◌42 陰平 (◌1) [it˥ tsʰɨn˦˨ ka꜊ tsɿ꜊] 一陣家子
˨˦ ◌24 陽平 (◌2) [he˨˩˧ tsʰɔŋ˨˦ tsuŋ˦˨] 許場中
˨˩˧ ◌213 上 (◌3) [tjet˥ ljɛn˨˩˧] 跌臉
˧˥ ◌35 陰去 (◌4) [tɛw˧˥ fuŋ˨˩˧] 鬥雨
˩ ◌11 陽去 (◌5) [tɔŋ˩ kaj˦˨] 蕩街
˥ ◌55 陰入 (◌6) [tsʰɨt˥ kuj˨˩˧] 出鬼
˨ ◌22 陽入 (◌7) [jɛt˨ paŋ꜊] 葉膀
꜊ ◌0 輕 (◌0) [ta˨˩˧ saw˧˥ kʰa꜊] 打臊胯

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g The vowels, consonants and tones are based on 南昌方言词典 (1995).[1] The romanization is based on 南昌話拼音方案 (2011).[2]
  2. ^ a b c d Glosses are displayed over the dotted line. (Instructions: for desktop computers, hover your mouse cursor over it; for iOS mobile browsers, request desktop website on your toolbar and then click on the dotted line; for Android mobile browsers, it is unavailable). Vocabulary are drawn from 南昌方言词典 (1995)[1] and 南昌方言研究 (2007).[3]
  3. ^ a b In sinological phonetic notation, the IPA [ɹ̩] is represented as ⟨ɿ⟩, [ɻ̩] is represented as ⟨ʅ⟩, [ɲ] is represented as ⟨ɲ⟩.

References

  1. ^ a b 熊正辉 (1995). 南昌方言词典. 江苏教育出版社.
  2. ^ 高莽夏木 (2011-11-22). "南昌話拼音方案". Archived from the original on 2023-10-21.
  3. ^ 张燕娣 (2007). 南昌方言研究. 文化艺术出版社.

See also

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