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Help:IPA/Swedish and Norwegian

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Peter238 (talk | contribs) at 07:10, 7 August 2014 (1. then remove the flags; 2. So what, flags making the article a mess are not ok, but the definitions are? What the hell? The words are linked to Wiktionary, where you can read the definitions, some of which, by the way, I put there myself.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Swedish and Norwegian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Swedish phonology and Norwegian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of these languages. Examples in the table are Swedish unless otherwise noted.

Consonants
IPA Examples Nearest English equivalent
SWE NOR
b abort about
ɕ ç Kina Swedish: sheep
Norwegian: hue
d dag do
ɖ SWE: nord[1]
NOR: sardin[1]
order
f fot fold
ɡ god ago
h hatt hoot
ɧ ʂ SWE: sjö[2]
NOR: sjø
Norwegian: shoe
j jojo you
k kafé coo
l lake love
ɭ Karl[1] twirl
m man mood
n natt noon
ɳ barn[1] turner
ŋ ting long
p pappa pool
r år[3] A tapped or trilled R.
s sabel soon
ʂ torsdag[1] marshal (in some dialects)
t torsdag too
ʈ parti[1] cartel
v vaktel vote
Vowels
IPA Examples Nearest English equivalent
SWE NOR
ɑː mat bra
a ɑ fast RP stack
hel Scottish save
ɛː SWE: häl RP there
ɛ SWE: häll
NOR: helle
sell
æː SWE: ära[4]
NOR: ære
Australian ham
æ SWE: färsk[4]
NOR: fersk[4]
trap
i leaf
ɪ sill hill
mål Swedish: Scottish stove
Norwegian: RP thought
ɔ SWE: moll
NOR: åtte
moll, with round lips
øː SWE: dö
NOR: dø
No English equivalent; German long ö
œ SWE: nött
NOR: nøtt
No English equivalent; German short ö
œː SWE: öra[4] No English equivalent; French sœur
ʉː ful[5] fuel, Australian food, with tight lips
ɵ ʉ full Southern British butcher
bot[5] boot
ʊ SWE: bott[5]
NOR: ond
put, with tight lips
syl[5] No English equivalent; French long u
ʏ SWE: syll
NOR: nytt[5]
No English equivalent; German short ü
unstressed
ə SWE: be
NOR: påle
about
Stress and tone
IPA Examples Explanation
SWE NOR
ˈa anden
[ˈanːdɛn]
Rana
[ˈrɑːnɑ]
Tone 1 / acute accent:
• Single stress with single falling tone in Stockholm: [ˈânːdɛn]
• Low tone in Oslo: [ˈrɑ̀ːnɑ]
• Falling tone in western Norway: [ˈrɑ̂ːnɑ]
ˈa.ˈa anden
[ˈanːˈdɛn]
rana
[ˈrɑːˈnɑ]
Tone 2 / grave accent:
• Double stress with double falling tone in Stockholm: [ˈânːˈdɛ̂n]
• Falling-rising tone in Oslo: [ˈrɑ̂ːˈnɑ̌]
• Rising-falling tone in western Norway: [ˈrɑ̌ːˈnɑ̂]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f In many of the dialects that have an apical rhotic consonant, a recursive Sandhi process of retroflexion occurs wherein clusters of /r/ and dental consonants /rd/, /rl/, /rn/, /rs/, /rt/ produce retroflex consonant realizations: [ɖ], [ɭ], [ɳ], [ʂ], [ʈ]. In dialects with a guttural R, such as Southern Swedish and many Southern and Western Norwegian dialects these are [ʁd], [ʁl], [ʁn], [ʁs], [ʁt].
  2. ^ Swedish /ɧ/ is a regionally variable sound, sometimes [xʷ], [ɸˠ], or [ʂ]
  3. ^ /r/ is regionally variable, being alveolar in some dialects and uvular in others.
  4. ^ a b c d Before /r/, the quality of non-high front vowels is changed in Swedish. /ɛː/ and /ɛ/ lower to [æ]; /øː/, and /œ/ are lowered to [œ̞], though the diacritic is not included in the chart above for simplicity.
  5. ^ a b c d e Vowels spelt u, o are compressed vowels. Those spelt ö/ø, y, å, on the other hand, are protruded vowels.

Bibliography

  • Mangold, Max (1990). Das Aussprachewörterbuch (in German) (3th ed.). Dudenverlag. ISBN 3-411-20916-X.