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Help:IPA/Swedish and Norwegian

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 46.9.19.239 (talk) at 00:59, 21 June 2014 (There was a mixup between the norwegian and swedish pronunciation of "kina"). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Swedish and Norwegian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Swedish phonology and Norwegian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of these languages. Examples in the table are Swedish unless otherwise noted.

Consonants
IPA Examples Nearest English equivalent
SWE
Sweden
NOR
Norway
b SwedenNorway abort about
ɕ ç SwedenNorway Kina Norwegian: sheep
Swedish: hue
d SwedenNorway dag do
ɖ Sweden nord[1]
Norway sardin[1]
order
f SwedenNorway fot fold
ɡ SwedenNorway god ago
h SwedenNorway hatt hoot
ɧ ʂ Sweden sjö[2]
Norway sjø
Norwegian: shoe
j SwedenNorway jojo you
k SwedenNorway kafé coo
l SwedenNorway lake love
ɭ SwedenNorway Karl[1] twirl
m SwedenNorway man mood
n SwedenNorway natt noon
ɳ SwedenNorway barn[1] turner
ŋ SwedenNorway ting long
p SwedenNorway pappa pool
r SwedenNorway år[3] A tapped or trilled R.
s SwedenNorway sabel soon
ʂ SwedenNorway torsdag[1] marshal (in some dialects)
t SwedenNorway torsdag too
ʈ SwedenNorway parti[1] cartel
v SwedenNorway vaktel vote
Vowels
IPA Examples Nearest English equivalent
SWE
Sweden
NOR
Norway
ɑː SwedenNorway mat bra
a ɑ SwedenNorway fast RP stack
SwedenNorway hel Scottish save
ɛː Sweden häl RP there
ɛ Sweden häll
Norway helle
sell
æː Sweden ära[4]
Norway ære
Australian ham
æ Sweden färsk[4]
Norway fersk[4]
trap
SwedenNorway i leaf
ɪ SwedenNorway sill hill
SwedenNorway mål Swedish: Scottish stove
Norwegian: RP thought
ɔ Sweden moll
Norway åtte
moll, with round lips
øː Sweden dö
Norway dø
No English equivalent; German long ö
œ Sweden nött
Norway nøtt
No English equivalent; German short ö
œː Sweden öra[4] No English equivalent; French sœur
ʉː SwedenNorway ful[5] fuel, Australian food, with tight lips
ɵ ʉ SwedenNorway full Southern British butcher
SwedenNorway bot[5] boot
ʊ Sweden bott[5]
Norway ond
put, with tight lips
SwedenNorway syl[5] No English equivalent; French long u
ʏ Sweden syll
Norway nytt[5]
No English equivalent; German short ü
unstressed
ə Sweden be
Norway påle
about
Stress and tone
IPA Examples Explanation
SWE Sweden NOR Norway
ˈa anden
[ˈanːdɛn]
Rana
[ˈrɑːnɑ]
Tone 1 / acute accent:
• Single stress with single falling tone in Stockholm: [ˈânːdɛn]
• Low tone in Oslo: [ˈrɑ̀ːnɑ]
• Falling tone in western Norway: [ˈrɑ̂ːnɑ]
ˈa.ˈa anden
[ˈanːˈdɛn]
rana
[ˈrɑːˈnɑ]
Tone 2 / grave accent:
• Double stress with double falling tone in Stockholm: [ˈânːˈdɛ̂n]
• Falling-rising tone in Oslo: [ˈrɑ̂ːˈnɑ̌]
• Rising-falling tone in western Norway: [ˈrɑ̌ːˈnɑ̂]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f In many of the dialects that have an apical rhotic consonant, a recursive Sandhi process of retroflexion occurs wherein clusters of /r/ and dental consonants /rd/, /rl/, /rn/, /rs/, /rt/ produce retroflex consonant realizations: [ɖ], [ɭ], [ɳ], [ʂ], [ʈ]. In dialects with a guttural R, such as Southern Swedish and many Southern and Western Norwegian dialects these are [ʁd], [ʁl], [ʁn], [ʁs], [ʁt].
  2. ^ Swedish /ɧ/ is a regionally variable sound, sometimes [xʷ], [ɸˠ], or [ʂ]
  3. ^ /r/ is regionally variable, being alveolar in some dialects and uvular in others.
  4. ^ a b c d Before /r/, the quality of non-high front vowels is changed in Swedish. /ɛː/ and /ɛ/ lower to [æ]; /øː/, and /œ/ are lowered to [œ̞], though the diacritic is not included in the chart above for simplicity.
  5. ^ a b c d e Vowels spelt u, o are compressed vowels. Those spelt ö/ø, y, å, on the other hand, are protruded vowels.

Bibliography

  • Duden 6: Das Aussprachewörterbuch (3d edition, 1990, ISBN 3-411-20916-X).