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Help:IPA/Gan Chinese

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The following tables list the International phonetic Alphabet used for Gan Chinese (贛語). For simplicity, only one of the romanization of Gan Chinese is given.

Initial consonants
IPA[i] Pinyin[i] Examples[ii]
ɕ x [ɕjɛn213 it00 ɕjɛn213] 險一險
f f [fɨt22 tʰɛw00 tjɛn42 law213] 佛頭顛腦
h h [ha11 tɕiw35] 下晝
k g [kaj213 waj42 kaw00 tsɿ00] 解歪交子
kʰ k [ho24 kʰu213 laj35] 何苦來
l l [la35 tɕʰjɛw213] 拿俏
m m [tsʰa42 maw35 tsʰaw213] 叉茅草
ŋ ng [ŋjɛw35 lɛt55] 漚熱
ɲ[iii] n [ȵit55 tʰjɛn42] 日天
p b [pjɛn35 ɕjoŋ35] 變相
pʰ p [ta213 pʰu24 tɕʰiw00] 打匍泅
s s [ȵit55 sɔŋ11] 日上
t d [it55 ŋaj42 taw00] 一挨到
tɕ j [tɕʰjaʔ55 tɕiw35 fan11] 吃晝飯
tɕʰ q [tsʰɔʔ22 tɕʰi213] 着氣
tʰ t [tjaʔ55 ka00 tʰaj11 tsɿ00] 滴家大子
ts z [tsɔʔ55 tʰjɛn24 ko00] 作田個
tsʰ c [tɕʰjaʔ55 ka35] 吃價
Vowels
IPA[i] Pinyin[i] Examples[ii]
a a [ta213 ma213 ma00 tɕjen42] 打馬馬肩
aj ai [ȵit55 saj35 ja11 lu11] 日曬夜露
aw au [kaj213 kaw42] 解交
e e [he213 ȵit55] 許日
ɛw eu [tsʰɔʔ22 taw00 ljɛw00] 着到了
i i [tʰi213 tʰɛw24] 剃頭
ja ia [tʰon11 ja11] 斷夜
je ie [tɕʰje213 kwj42] 去歸
jɛu ieu [lɔʔ55 kʰjɛw213 ɕjɛw42 iɔŋ35] 落口消烊
ɨj i [fɨj42 kwn213] 飛滾
ɨw eru [jaŋ35 sɨw00] (得)贏手
iw iu [tiw42 kɔŋ42 kʰjɛw213] 丟江口
o o [ko213 sɿ kʰjɛt55] 箇時刻
ɵ er [ɵ35 tɕin00] 而今
ɹ̩[iii] ii [sɨw213 ȵɨɛt55 tsɿ00] 手捏子
u u [tʰo24 tʰu11] 馱肚
uj ui [suj35 mi00 tsɿ00 tsuj213] 碎米子嘴
wa ua [wa11 pɨt00 tsɔŋ42] 話(渠)不張
waj uai [kwaj42 tsaj213] 乖崽
wo uo [ɕjaŋ42 tsɿ00 kwo44 uj21] 星子過位
y yu [tɔʔ55 y213] 涿雨
ɥe yue [tɕɥe42 tsɿ00] 瘸子
Final consonants
IPA[i] Pinyin
[i] 		Examples[ii]
FC Rhyme
m / m [m ma] 姆媽
-n / n [n213 wa11 pɨt00 tsɔʔ55] 你話不着
an an [tsa42 san213] 遮傘
ɛn en [sɔŋ11 len11] 上凌
jɛn ien [tʰjɛn42 fan11] 添飯
ɨn ern [kʰaj42 iɔŋ35 fɨn42] 開洋葷
in in [pin42 laŋ213 suʔ tɕin11] 冰冷肅靜
on on [pʰon24 tɕin00 pʰon24 tsʰɨt55] 盤進盤出
un un [pʰuʔ22 taw00 kʰun213] 匐到睏
wan uan [wan35 fa42 tʰɛw00] 玩花頭
won uon [ɕiɔʔ55 suj213 uon00 tsɿ00] 削水碗子
yn yun [ko42 yn11 tuj35] 歌詠隊
ɥon yuon [ȵit55 tɕɥon213 ja11 pʰu42] 日捲夜鋪
-ŋ / ng [ŋ35 tsʰaj00] 蕹菜
aŋ ang [wa11 pɨt00 tsaŋ35] 話不正
jaŋ jang [tɕʰjaʔ55 ljaŋ35 suj00] 吃零碎
jɔŋ iong [fɔʔ55 sɛn00 ȵiɔŋ35 ȵiɔŋ00] 霍閃娘娘
juŋ iwng [tʰo24 ɕjuŋ35] 馱熊
ɔŋ ong [toŋ42 tɕiw35] 當晝
uŋ ung [mjen24 muŋ11] 眠夢
waŋ wang [waŋ35 tsʰɨt00] 橫正
wɔŋ uong [tʰjɛn42 kwɔŋ42] 天光
-t at at [kat55 pan213 tɕʰi213] (受)夾板氣
ɛt et [laj11 tɛt ho24] 奈得(渠)何
jɛt iet [ŋaw35 ljɛt00] 拗捩
it it [ȵit55 tʰɛw00] 日頭
ɨt ert [pɨt55 kan42 pɨt 55 kaj35] 不尷不尬
ot ot [mot22 tɕɥ42 li24] 莫拘禮
ut ut [ŋa42 pʰo00 ut55 li00] 阿婆屋裏
wat uat [kwat55 iɔŋ35 fo213] 刮洋火
wɛt uet [kwɛt55 ȵy213] 國語(課)
wot uot [uot22 fan00] 活泛
ɥot yuot [ɕɥot55 iɔŋ35 ljɛw00] 雪烊了
yt yt [tɕɥt55 tsɿ00] 橘子
-ʔ aʔ ah [sat55 pʰaʔ22] 煞白
jaʔ iah [tsʰa42 tjaʔ55 tsɿ00] 差滴子
jɔʔ ioh [tɕjɔʔ55 ku00 tsɿ00] 腳股子
juʔ iuh [ɕiwʔ55 tʰɛw24 fat00] 蓄頭髮
ɔʔ oh [tsʰɔʔ22 sɛt55] 着嗇
uʔ uh [tɕʰi213 uʔ55] 起屋
Tones
IPA
[i] 		Numeric
contours 		Tonal
categories
(sequence) 		Examples[ii]
˦˨ ◌42 陰平 (◌1) [it55 tsʰɨn42 ka00 tsɿ00] 一陣家子
˨˦ ◌24 陽平 (◌2) [he213 tsʰɔŋ24 tsuŋ42] 許場中
˨˩˧ ◌213 上 (◌) [tjet55 ljɛn213] 跌臉
˧˥ ◌35 陰去 (◌) [tew35 fuŋ213] 鬥雨
˩ ◌11 陽去 (◌) [tɔŋ11 kaj42] 蕩街
˥ ◌55 陰入 (◌) [tsʰɨt55 kuj213] 出鬼
˨ ◌22 陽入 (◌) [jɛt22 paŋ00] 葉膀
꜊ ◌0 輕 (◌0) [ta213 saw35 kʰa00] 打臊胯

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g The vowels, consonants and tones are based on 南昌方言词典 (1995).[1] The romanization is based on 南昌話拼音方案 (2011).[2]
  2. ^ a b c d Glosses are displayed over the dotted line. (Instructions: for desktop computers, hover your mouse cursor over it; for iOS mobile browsers, request desktop website on your toolbar and then click on the dotted line; for Android mobile browsers, it is unavailable). Vocabulary are drawn from 南昌方言词典 (1995)[1] and 南昌方言研究 (2007).[3]
  3. ^ a b In sinological phonetic notation, the IPA [ɹ̩] is represented as ⟨ɿ⟩, [ɻ̩] is represented as ⟨ʅ⟩, [ɲ] is represented as ⟨ȵ⟩.

References

  1. ^ a b 熊正辉 (1995). 南昌方言词典. 江苏教育出版社.
  2. ^ 高莽夏木 (2011-11-22). "南昌話拼音方案". Archived from the original on 2023-10-21.
  3. ^ 张燕娣 (2007). 南昌方言研究. 文化艺术出版社.

See also

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