Help:IPA/Marathi

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Marathi on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Marathi in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Marathi pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-mr}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Marathi phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Marathi.

Consonants
IPA^[1]	Marathi^[1]	IAST	English Approximation
b	ब	b	abash
bʱ^[2]	भ	bh	clubhouse
d	द	d	other, the (Th-stopping)
dʱ	ध	dh	redhead (but dental)
ɖ	ड	ḍ	American English bird
ɖʱ	ढ	ḍh	American English birdhouse and adhere
dʑ^[3]	ज	j	jazz
dʑʱ^[3]	झ	jh	hedgehog
ɡ	ग	g	again
ɡʱ	घ	gh	loghouse
ɦ	ह	h	have
j	य, ञ	y	yak
k	क	k	skip
kʰ	ख	kh	derrickhand and Khanate
l	ल	l	lot
ɭ̆^[4]	ळ	ḷ	Similar to bell (but retroflex with the tongue curled back)
m	म	m	might
n	न	n	not
ŋ	ङ	ṅ	sing
ɳ	ण	ṇ	American English hunt
ɲ	ञ	ñ	minion
p	प	p	pot
pʰ^[5]	फ	ph	Clapham
ɾ	र	r	American borrow
ʃ	श	ś	ship
ʂ	ष	ṣ	American English worship
s^[6]	स	s	see
t	त	t	birth (dental), three (Th-stopping)
tʰ	थ	th	thump (dental), thought (Th-stopping)
ʈ	ट	ṭ	parts
ʈʰ	ठ	ṭh	anthill
tɕ^[7]	च	ch	catch
tɕʰ^[7]	छ	chh	beachhead
ʋ	व	v	Between wine and vine

Vowels
IPA	Marathi	IAST	English Approximation
aː	आ	ā	father
æ	अ‍ॅ	æ	trap
ə	अ	a	about
e	ए	e	may
i	इ	i	happy
iː	ई	ī	keep
o	ओ	o	sole
ɔ	ऑ	a	not
u	उ	u	look
uː	ऊ	ū	boot
əi	ऐ	ai	Similar to buy and prime
əm	अं	am	bump
əu	औ	au	Similar to gout and bout
ru	ऋ	ṛ	rule

Suprasegmentals
IPA
ˈ	stress (placed before stressed syllable)
◌ː	doubled consonant (placed after consonant)

Notes

^ ^a ^b In the letter series beginning with क, क = क् + अ; ka = k + a. Thus 'क' has the inherent vowel 'अ', giving 'क' without added vowel sign using diacritics (The halanta "्" is removed). But the IPA shown here has the consonant 'k' only & does not include the vowel 'a'.
^ /bʱ/ is pronounced either as [bʱ] or [v].
^ ^a ^b /dʑ/ and /dʑʱ/ phonetically may be either [dʑ] and [dʑʱ], [dz] and [dzʱ] or [dʒ] and [dʒʱ] depending on the variety and speaker.
^ /ɭ̆/ is pronounced either as [ɭ̆] or [ɭ].
^ /pʰ/ is pronounced either as [pʰ] or [f].
^ /s/ is pronounced either as [s] or [ɕ].
^ ^a ^b /tɕ/ and /tɕʰ/ phonetically may be either [tɕ] and [tɕʰ] or [ts] and [tsʰ], [tʃ] and [tʃʰ] depending on the variety and speaker.

Bibliography

Marathi language sounds
Bloch, J (1970). Formation of the Marathi Language. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-2322-8.
Dhongde, Ramesh Vaman; Wali, Kashi (2009). Marathi. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co. ISBN 978-90-272-38139.
A Survey of Marathi Dialects. VIII. Gāwḍi, A. M. Ghatage & P. P. Karapurkar. The State Board for Literature and Culture, Bombay. 1972.

[inherentv-1] In the letter series beginning with क, क = क् + अ; ka = k + a. Thus 'क' has the inherent vowel 'अ', giving 'क' without added vowel sign using diacritics (The halanta "्" is removed). But the IPA shown here has the consonant 'k' only & does not include the vowel 'a'.

[Voiced_labiodental_fricative-2] /bʱ/ is pronounced either as [bʱ] or [v].

[Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate-3] /dʑ/ and /dʑʱ/ phonetically may be either [dʑ] and [dʑʱ], [dz] and [dzʱ] or [dʒ] and [dʒʱ] depending on the variety and speaker.

[Voiced_retroflex_lateral_flap-4] /ɭ̆/ is pronounced either as [ɭ̆] or [ɭ].

[Voiceless_labiodental_fricative-5] /pʰ/ is pronounced either as [pʰ] or [f].

[Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative-6] /s/ is pronounced either as [s] or [ɕ].

[Voiceless_alveolar_affricate-7] /tɕ/ and /tɕʰ/ phonetically may be either [tɕ] and [tɕʰ] or [ts] and [tsʰ], [tʃ] and [tʃʰ] depending on the variety and speaker.

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