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Workers' Front (Spain)

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Not to be confused with Frente Obrero (Nicaragua) and the Workers' Front of Catalonia.

Workers' Front
Frente Obrero
AbbreviationFO
LeaderRoberto Vaquero
Founded14 October 2018[1]
Registered13 March 2019
HeadquartersCalle Gascó Oliag 6, PTA 42. 46010 Valencia
NewspaperUNIÓN
Youth wingJuventud Frente Obrero
Ideology
Political positionFar-left[A]
Congress of Deputies
0 / 350
Senate
0 / 265
European Parliament
0 / 61
Local seats
1 / 67,152
Website
https://frenteobrero.es/
^ A: The party argues that "the left-right dichotomy is no longer valid".[8] Despite this, it has been described as far-left,[13] as well as left-wing, by the international media,[14] national media,[15] and political scientists.[18]

The Workers' Front (Spanish: Frente Obrero, FO) is a Marxist–Leninist political party in Spain, with Roberto Vaquero serving as its leader since June 2022. It was founded in October 2018 as a mass organisation by the anti-revisionist party PML (RC) and registered as a separate political party in March 2019. As of 2025, the Workers' Front took part to several national, regional, local, and European elections, winning one local seat in May 2023.

The Workers' Front's political positions include Marxism–Leninism, socialist patriotism, Spanish republicanism, Spanish nationalism, hard Euroscepticism, and social conservatism, with a Hoxahist faction. Despite rejecting the left–right political spectrum, considering the mainstream left to have abandoned the working class and joined the right-wing in supporting neoliberalism, the party is commonly described as left-wing and far-left, more in line with Communist parties in Eastern Europe. As a result of its conservative stances on socio-cultural issues, various critics and observers compared the Workers' Front to the far-right Vox and described it as reactionary and right-wing populist in nature, including that the party was National Bolshevik, a claim that Vaquero strongly contested.

History

[edit]

The Workers' Front was established on 14 October 2018 at the Ateneo de Madrid as a front organisation of the PML (RC).[1] Subsequently, the Workers' Front expanded to several cities in Spain, such as La Coruña, León, Ponferrada, Zaragoza, and Cádiz.[19] In 2021, the party participated in Okupas, a Spanish squatting movement. FO occupied a prestigious building in the Mercado de Colón district in Valencia. It organized a food bank and the homeless shelter in the building, attacking the local government for not helping over 1,000 homeless people in Valencia. The party also hung the flag of the Second Spanish Republic on the building.[20]

In May 2021, members of the Workers' Front organized a protest against the leader of the Podemos party Irene Montero in Valencia. The party accused Montero and her party of "leaving the workers in the lurch", claiming that Podemos organizes bailouts to banks and companies while Spanish workers are going "months without pay and suffering evictions". FO protesters argued that the feminist and pro-LGBT stances taken by Montero are "symbolic struggles that do not represent reality".[21] On 12 June 2022, their first congress was held. During the congress, the decision to become a political party was approved by the members. Representatives from other organizations, such as the Polisario Front, spoke during the congress.[22]

In the 2023 Spanish general election, the Workers' Front gained 46,530 and won no seats.[15] In late 2023, the group announced they would be participating in the 2023 Spanish protests against the PSOE government.[23] Since then, the Workers' Front and Vaquero (the party leader since 14 June 2022) gained a presence on social media and national television in Spain, participating in debates on current political issues, such as Horizonte on channel Cuatro.[24] In the 2024 European Parliament election in Spain, the party won 66,242 votes, improving its result from the 2023 general election where it received 46,274 votes.[25]

Ideology

[edit]

The Workers' Front was established as Marxism–Leninist party, with conservative stances on social and cultural issues.[26][27] It considers itself a "patriotic and revolutionary movement that fights for and on behalf of workers, for and on behalf of Spain", with the goal of implementing "drastic changes" in Spain and "ending the current regime".[28] Strongly connected with the PML (RC), the Italian historian Steven Forti described it as oscillating between National Bolshevism and "hardline Stalinism".[29] The party was also described as communist by the Spanish newspapers of record, and was classified by El Mundo as "a communist, republican, anti-oligarchic party".[30] In response, the party rejected the labels of political left and right, and argued that they "are two sides of the same coin".[8] The party leader Roberto Vaquero described it as "the militant, working-class left".[31] The party was described as left-wing by political commentators and political scientists,[33] and was also commonly described as far-left,[34] with Eugene Costello arguing that the party is "about as far left as you can get".[20]

The European Conservative described the Workers' Front as a representative of the "patriotic, pre-woke, pro-work left".[8] According to La Razón, "with a republican and federalist ideology, it has been classified within the communist ideological spectrum".[35] Of the party, its leader wrote: "The need for workers' reorganization is vital, it is necessary to fight for workers' and revolutionary unity in a broad, united front of all workers. With this aim in mind, the Frente Obrero was born, which only tries to serve the unity of all those who want to rebuild a revolutionary, working class and militant left, which truly resists this system and its single thinking, which defends the workers, our country and which of course is aimed at the transformation and progress of our society."[36] He defined the Workers' Front as a "national political and revolutionary front with the aim of fighting for the unity of the workers and for the transformation of our society, it is committed to a popular and federal Republic aimed at socialism."[36]

Party programme

[edit]

In its party programme A Spain for the Workers, the Workers' Front defended national sovereignty, Hispanic identity (Hispanidad), free university education,[37] the nationalization and socialization of the Spanish economy, energy sovereignty, nuclear energy, increasing the minimum wage, supporting the rural sector, promoting birth rates, creating more public housing, introducing rent control, and limiting immigration.[38] The party also focused on class struggle and a planned economy, preservation of the "classical, Christian" culture of Spain, and support for Spanish republicanism.[39] It also called for Spanish withdrawal from the European Union (EU) and NATO, along with expropriation of large landowners and political amnesty for political prisoners;[40] the party criticized liberal democracy as "a scam designed to favor the party system that defends the interests of big capital", and instead supported "promoting and protecting our culture, history, and traditions from those who only want to see it disappear so they can control us more effectively".[41]

In its programme, the Workers' Front called for "the overthrow of the monarchy imposed by Franco" and its replacement by a "federal, popular republic on the path to socialism". It supported a dictatorship of the proletariat, calling for the suppression of "the repressive apparatus of the state: the judiciary, administration, police", installing a government that would be "democratic regime for the working class" but "dictatorial for the bourgeoisie and other exploiting classes".[42] The party's federal popular republic would pursue "the recovery of Spanish national sovereignty", reindustrializing the country, nationalizing the Spanish economy, "repealing the successive labor reforms that have strengthened free and cheap dismissal for companies", expelling all foreign military bases, closing the border with Morocco, and immediately expelling all immigrants who committed crimes. In its opposition to the European Union, the Workers' Front argued that "Spanish sovereignty is being held hostage by the EU", which the party said "dictates how much and what we produce, tying our hands and feet, denying us the future we deserve."[43] Since its establisment, the party also expressed opposition to capitalism, NATO, surrogacy, feminism, deindustrialization, queer theory, the Trans Law (Ley Trans), affirmative action, Islamization,[44] cosmopolitanism, and political correctness.[37]

Classification

[edit]

In 2021, Spanish political scientist Jasiel Paris argued that the Workers' Front represents the "classic left" or Old Left, and stands to the opposition of the postmodernist left; for Workers' Front, "Marxism sought the empowerment of workers (who in Spain are mostly white, heterosexual men), while the postmodern left seeks empowerment against white, heterosexual men". Paris observed that the Workers' Front should be compared to the Eastern European Communist parties, such as the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Macedonian Left, and the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova, as these parties together with the Workers' Front combine "a socialist economic vision with a cultural vision that we could call conservative because it is patriotic, protectionist and family-oriented".[42] The Workers' Front was also considered similar to the German Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht.[45]

Considered to be a representative of the nationalist and conservative left, the Workers' Front expressed support for traditional values and closeness to nationalism, focusing on the workerist blue-collar perspective, and its proposals reiterated criticism against "gender ideology" or the "LGBTI lobby".[46] The party expressed opposition to immigration, advocating strict border control, and arguing that the wages of Spanish workers are declining because of liberal immigration laws; however, the party also stressed that "immigrants are not to blame" and are "victims", with the real culprit being "the capitalist system, which promotes this type of migration to exploit them and lower wages in Spain", and that "the most rancid right uses immigration to generate hatred and social confrontation". Nonetheless, the party recommended strict control of immigration, including the immediate expulsion of illegal immigrants.[47]

Social issues

[edit]

The Workers' Front strongly criticized socially progressive left-wing parties. The party accused Podemos of being "a pawn at the service of big business and banks", while arguing that Más País was "leaving the workers on the street". It argued that the mainstream left-wing parties of Spain alienated the workers and caused the rise of the far-right Vox by embracing neoliberal economics and "gender ideology".[48] It also argued that there are many similarities between fascism and liberalism,[49] while rejecting feminism, the animal rights movement, social democracy, and the LGBT movement, with Vaquero stating: "No matter how many revolutionary symbols and terms they use to disguise themselves, they are part of the system, they are part of the problem. For them, everything is fascism, but they defend the system's single mindset. They are closer to what they accuse everyone else of than they realise. ... Workers don't care about queer theory, inclusive language, quotas and other nonsense. This 'woke left' does not represent workers, nor does it provide solutions to their problems. For this reason, many workers are becoming disillusioned and criminalising the left, moving closer to positions such as those of the PP or even VOX."[31]

While defining itself within the framework of Marxism–Leninism, the Workers' Front heavily incorporated nationalist and patriotic themes into its message. For example, the party stressed and promoted the need to defend the national sovereignty of Spain, as well as revolutionary patriotism and national pride. Within its communist rhetoric, the party stressed the policies and ideas of Joseph Stalin.[50] It also condemnd the May 68 protests, with party leader Vaquero stating: "The left today is the heir of May 1968, when, as Pasolini said, the most working-class people in that conflict were the police, who were at least the sons of peasants. The students were, for the most part, the sons of rich people, since money was needed to study. The left today is empty, there is no revolution."[25] He also wrote:

Cosmopolitanism is currently being promoted. … It is a kind of globalism, a transgressive culture which, although they try to convince us that it is the international culture of the moment that prevails over national cultures, is nothing more than the hegemonic American culture that they are trying to impose on the rest of the world. … The collective identities that united people in the past are now under attack from individualism, consumerism and the pursuit of personal satisfaction in the moment, regardless of the consequences. The important thing is that you consume, and collective identities get in the way of that: differences with other potential consumers only make it harder for the large companies that promote this way of acting to make more profits. They seek to homogenise the population, isolate it and create docile, alienated and submissive consumers.[51]

The Workers' Front showed opposition to the independence of Catalonia, arguing that the pro-independence Catalan parties "do not even represent independence" and instead have "fostered Islamization and mass immigration in Catalonia". Ahead of the 2024 Catalan regional election, the Workers' Front announced its participation and called for Catalan voters to reject "Islamization and the fictitious separatist process".[52] The party instead proposed to turn Spain into a federation.[8] It also expressed support for Spanish ownership of Ceuta and Melilla, and decried Moroccan claims to these cities.[53] The Workers' Front also claimed the Spanish ownership of Gibraltar, calling it a colony that is an "important strategic enclave that does not belong to them [the United Kingdom]", and arguing that its native population was expelled by the British.[37] The party showed support for Kurdish independence,[31] as well as the self-determination of Western Sahara.[43] Vaquero condemned support for Ukraine in the Russo-Ukrainian war, writing: "The new left talks a lot about the struggle for peace and against the vestiges of colonialism, but then supports any action taken by NATO. If it is in line with their conception of 'human rights', then it is fine. The left wing spent years saying 'No to war' in Iraq, but they have not taken the same stance with Ukraine. It all depends on what suits Uncle Sam."[54]

Criticism

[edit]

Since its establishment, the Workers' Front attracted criticism from other leftist organizations as transphobic due to its opposition to what it calls "gender ideology" and support of the idea that gender identity (especially being a woman) is only a feeling. During Pride Month, the Workers' Front denounced public pro-LGBT campaigns by other political mainstream, accusing them of "politicizing sexual orientation and making it something supposedly revolutionary, while implementing reactionary measures such as queer ideology or the trans law". The party altered pro-LGBT posters; for example, in a poster that read "My partner is bisexual", the party's activists crossed out "bisexual", replacing it with "unemployed". As a result, the Workers' Front's actions and rhetoric was criticized as homophobic.[55]

Left-wing critics argued that the Workers' Front was reactionary and racist because of its strong opposition to the increasing presence of Islamic immigration not integrated into European societies (allegedly disrespectful of women's or LGBT's rights, other times linked to higher crime rates than the native population, or with violent events motivated by religious fanaticism). In addition, critics negatively compared it to the far-right party Vox,[56][57] and accused it of giving credit to the Great Replacement theory.[58] In November 2022, the Workers' Front was attacked for organizing a march at the Complutense University of Madrid that exalted Stalin. The event resulted in members of the party clashing with local far-left student organizations, including the Trotskyist Workers' Revolutionary Current.[59] According to left-wing critics, the Workers' Front "expresses the most reactionary Stalinism, specifically aimed at establishing itself among the youth of working-class neighborhoods".[47]

The party has been called a "left-wing Vox" given its conservative stances on social issues, such as its opposition to immigration, LGBT rights, and feminism, as well as attacking the "Islamization" of Spain and "gender ideology". The Spanish magazine The Objective [es] argued that the Workers' Front was "reminiscent of Vox's in some points: immigration control, promotion of births, and opposition to positive discrimination against women".[60] El Español also observed that the party took a mildly defensive tone towards Vox, arguing that Vox is not fascist or far-right; instead, Vaquero argues: "They are right-wing populists; now, they call everything politically incorrect fascist and they are distorting the term."[42] Spanish political analyst Asier Balaguer Navarro rejected this claim, writing: "Yes, in the sense that many of its proposals, precisely those that coincide with the conservative party, have a lot of social resonance, and are easily assimilated by the electoral objective of the party; also yes, because of the confrontation with political correctness, defense of the unity of Spain or the rejection of the 'woke laws'. But that is where the similarities end. The Workers' Front is against the EU, it still has a communist base in which the public and the planned are a substantial part of its economic theories; it is openly republican, anti-NATO, secular..."[39]

The Workers' Front has been criticized as National Bolshevik.[29] In an interview, Vaquero strongly rejected this classification, stating: "National Bolshevism, as a term, is used by people with little understanding of ideology or politics to criminalise those who do not fit in with the revolutionary fads of the system. If you are a patriot, you are a National Bolshevik. If you disagree with the government's nonsense, you are too. If you disagree with the ravings of the Queer lobby, you are too. If you are against the bourgeois Catalan independence process, of course you are too. And finally, if you say that class struggle is the main thing and that the transversality of struggles only reinforces the system, oops! Then you're definitely a Nazbol. It's absurd. National Bolshevism does not draw on Marxism. It is twinned with fascism, and we are anti-fascists, but for real, not as a fashion, an aesthetic marked by the system itself."[31]

Elections

[edit]

The Workers' Front participated in elections for the first time in the 2023 Spanish local elections. They ran in Vilalba dels Arcs (Catalonia), Santa Margalida (Balearic Islands), Mislata (Valencian Community), and Mandayona (Castilla–La Mancha), winning one seat in Mandayona.

Election results

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2023 Spanish local elections
Municipality Votes % Seats
Vilalba dels Arcs 27 7.6% 0
Santa Margalida 100 1.8% 0
Mislata 255 1.1% 0
Mandayona 42 21.6% 1

Cortes Generales

[edit]
Election Leading candidate Congress Senate Government
Votes % Seats +/– Seats +/–
2023 Roberto Vaquero 46,274 0.19 (14th)
0 / 350
 Steady 0
0 / 208
 Steady 0 Extra-parliamentary

European Parliament

[edit]
European Parliament
Election Leading candidate Votes % Seats +/– EP Group
2024 Roberto Vaquero 66,242 0.38 (12th)
0 / 61
 Steady 0 –

Regional parliaments

[edit]
Region Election Votes % Seats +/– Government
Basque Country 2024 Did not contest
0 / 75
 Steady 0 No seats
Catalonia 2024 10,118 0.32 (12th)
0 / 135
 Steady 0 No seats
Galicia 2024 Did not contest
0 / 75
 Steady 0 No seats

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Presentación del comité pro-Frente Obrero España" (PDF). UNION. October 2018. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  2. ^
  3. ^ "Sobre el Frente Obrero y los migrantes: del patriotismo socialista al nacional bolchevismo". indymedia.org (in Spanish). 25 April 2023. Porque al reivindicar, el Frente Obrero, en la España imperialista y capitalista del siglo XXI, el patriotismo socialista del FRAP y el PCE (m-l), nacido durante las incertidumbres del tardofranquismo, dicho patriotismo se deposita, preferentemente, en aquellos sectores obreros o de clase media que no están alienados nacionalmente al poseer, aunque precariamente, dichos derechos de ciudadanía.
  4. ^ a b Balaguer Navarro, Asier (29 January 2024). "El fenómeno del Frente Obrero en España". Nueva Libertad (in Spanish). El Frente Obrero está en contra de la UE, sigue teniendo una base comunista en la que lo público y lo planificado son parte sustancial de sus teorías económica; es abiertamente republicano, anti OTAN, laico...
  5. ^ "El PACMA vuelve a quedarse a las puertas del escaño, superando a CS y triplicando a Existe e Izquierda Española". Infobae. 10 June 2024.
  6. ^ Ondarra, Marcos (12 April 2023). "El Frente Obrero amenaza con escrachear a todo el Gobierno en la precampaña electoral". The Objective (in Spanish). El politólogo Hasel Paris sostiene que esta combinación a priori exótica es común en los partidos comunistas europeos (como el ruso o el moldavo), que han conjugado «una visión económica socialista con una visión cultural que podríamos denominar conservadora por patriota, proteccionista y familiar».
  7. ^
    • "Una crítica marxista al programa electoral del Frente Obrero (1º Parte)". canarias-semanal.org (in Spanish). 17 July 2023. El PML (RC), partido que tenía una línea marxista vulgar y con ciertas filias hacia el hoxhaismo, pareció recoger el guante de su secretario general y comenzó a tener una línea muy similar a la del canal de Youtube de su líder. En 2018, ya pasado todo lo relacionado con el problema que les originó su participación en la guerra imperialista en Siria, el PML(RC) fundó el Frente Obrero, al que quisieron convertir en su 'frente de masas'.
    • Fernández, Andoni (23 March 2020). "Frente Obrero: así es el Vox leninista que se ríe de la 'izquierda pop'". Moncloa (in Spanish). El Frente Obrero no se achanta cuando le hablan de Cuba, Corea del Norte, China o Venezuela porque para este partido todos estos países son o ejemplo de neoliberalismo (China), de capitalismo de Estado (Cuba) o de desvaríos juanches (Corea del Norte). ... Y también mira con simpatía hacia la República Popular Socialista de Albania (1944-1985) de Enver Hoxha, que se divorció de la Unión Soviética tras la muerte de Stalin y de China tras la muerte de Mao. ... Esta visión de la historia desde el hoxhismo no es nueva entre el comunismo español, que apoyó un dirigente albano que se quedó sin apoyos en la esfera internacional (hecho que conllevó el aislamiento y atraso tecnológico del país).
  8. ^ a b c d "Return of the Old Left: A Look at the Spanish Worker's Front". The European Conservative. 25 March 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  9. ^ a b "53,000 flags on a Valencia beach to honour the victims of coronavirus in Spain". Murcia Today. 5 October 2020. ... the Frente Obrero Group, a far-left organisation which campaigns for the re-institution of a Republic in Spain...
  10. ^ a b Sáiz-Pardo, Melchor (11 November 2023). "La ultraizquierda también protesta ante Ferraz contra 'las cesiones a los independentistas'". El Correo. Madrid. Frente Obrero, el partido de ultraizquierda pero nacionalista español que ha hecho de su seña de identidad sus ataques a Sumar y Podemos...
  11. ^ a b Veiga, Diego Rodríguez (17 May 2021). "Carmen, la joven de Frente Obrero que escrachea a Irene Montero: 'Se llena la boca con el feminismo'". El Español (in Spanish). Detrás del escrache están los mismos que intentaron expulsar a Iglesias de la Complutense: el grupo de extrema izquierda Frente Obrero, capitaneados en esta ocasión por Carmen López, una joven de 23 años que se encuentra cursando el último año de Química y que lleva dos años militando en la organización.
  12. ^ a b "Juan Pina y Roberto Vaquero debatieron sobre el fascismo en la UFM". Fundalib.org (in Spanish). La gran casa de estudios del liberalismo acogió en esta ocasión a Juan Pina, Secretario General de la Fundación, y Roberto Vaquero, líder de la organización de extrema izquierda Frente Obrero.
  13. ^ [9][10][11][12]
  14. ^ a b "The Moroccan civil society in Spain condemns the hostile campaign against Morocco". Atalayar. 20 July 2023. ... by the microscopic leftist, communist Leninist Frente Obrero party, through posters attacking a symbol of Moroccan sovereignty, in an immoral way that has nothing to do with freedom of expression.
  15. ^ a b c Águeda, Pedro (24 July 2023). "El Frente Obrero de Roberto Vaquero obtiene 46.530 votos en las generales". elDiario.es (in Spanish). Frente Obrero es una formación nacionalista y de izquierdas, que se opone frontalmente a lo que ellos consideran una izquierda identitaria que antepone los derechos de las minorías, incluidos los inmigrantes, a los intereses de la clase trabajadora 'española'.
  16. ^ a b Fernández-Villaverde, Jesús (18 June 2024). "Classical Right, New Right, and Voting Behavior: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment" (PDF). AEI Economics Working Paper. 11/2024. University of Pennsylvania: 20. The two most relevant among these parties are an environmentalist party, Partido Animalista con el Medio Ambiente, and a left-wing Spanish nationalist party, Frente Obrero, which may have attracted some of the more pro-labor Vox votes.
  17. ^ Palomo, Aleksandro (December 2020). "Los principios ideológicos no admiten modas". El Viejo Topo (in Spanish) (395). Barcelona: 31. ISSN 0210-2706. Roberto Vaquero es la cabeza visible del Frente Obrero, la organización política de izquierdas que más está creciendo en el momento actual en España. [Roberto Vaquero is the visible head of the Workers' Front, the fastest growing left-wing political organisation in Spain at the moment.]
  18. ^ [16][17]
  19. ^ "La Marcha del Frente Obrero" (PDF). UNION. January 2018. p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  20. ^ a b Costello, Eugene (23 April 2021). "Okupas In Valencia: 'Venceremos! No Pasarán!'". Valencia Life. Retrieved 26 October 2025.
  21. ^ Veiga, Diego Rodríguez (17 May 2021). "Carmen, la joven de Frente Obrero que escrachea a Irene Montero: "Se llena la boca con el feminismo"". El Español (in Spanish).
  22. ^ I Congreso del Frente Obrero, retrieved 9 July 2023
  23. ^ "Un grupo radical de izquierda alienta una protesta en Ferraz contra la amnistía". El Debate (in Spanish). 9 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  24. ^ "Iker Jiménez y su Horizonte arrasan hablando de Ábalos con Roberto Vaquero de invitado". E-Notícies (in Spanish). 1 March 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  25. ^ a b Somolinos, Daniel (18 June 2024). "Roberto Vaquero, líder del Frente Obrero: "Diez años me parecen pocos para obtener la nacionalidad española, yo lo aumentaría a 25"". El Mundo (Spain) (in Spanish). Madrid.
  26. ^ Forti, Steven (20 December 2023). "El parasitismo ideológico de las nuevas extremas derechas. Gramscistas de derechas y rojipardos en Francia, Italia y España (1968-2022)". Estudos Ibero-Americanos (in Spanish). 49 (1). PUCRS: 19. doi:10.15448/1980-864X.2023.1.44161. ISSN 1980-864X. A partir de 2019, el retroceso electoral de Podemos ha planteado la apertura de un posible espacio para opciones rojipardas, representadas por algunos de los sectores críticos con la formación fundada por Pablo Iglesias y experiencias como la del Frente Obrero, liderado por Roberto Vaquero, movimiento que mezcla el marxismo-leninismo con posiciones ultraconservadoras en temas de valores (Gómez Urzaiz, 2022; FORTI, 2021).
  27. ^ Caro, Gregoria; Bono, Gerard (8 November 2023). "La extrema izquierda convoca otra protesta en Ferraz este sábado a la estela de los grupos de ultraderecha". ABC (in Spanish). Madrid. Este último llamamiento es de Frente Obrero, partido de ideología marxista-leninista heredero de Reconstrucción Comunista, de acciones violentas y contrario a las teorías evolutivas del marxismo.
  28. ^ "¿Qué es Frente Obrero, el partido liderado por Roberto Vaquero para las Elecciones Europeas y cuál es su ideología?". AS (in Spanish). 9 June 2024. Retrieved 26 October 2025.
  29. ^ a b Forti, Steven [in Spanish] (2021). Enric Juliana (ed.). Extrema derecha 2.0. Qué es y cómo combatirla (PDF) (in Spanish). Madrid: Siglo XXI de España Editores. p. 162, 188. ISBN 978-84-323-2038-5. Si damos un vistazo al último siglo, encontramos diferentes experiencias de rojipardismo o, como se le llamaba al principio, nacionalbolchevismo en momentos de tensiones o rupturas geopolíticas. ... Si exceptuamos la referencia al papa emérito, podría suscribir estas afirmaciones Roberto Vaquero, líder del Frente Obrero, una organización que se mueve entre el rojipardismo y el estalinismo puro y duro. [If we take a look at the last century, we find different experiences of rojipardismo, or, as it was originally called, National Bolshevism, during times of geopolitical tension or upheaval. ... With the exception of the reference to the Pope Emeritus, these statements could be endorsed by Roberto Vaquero, leader of the Workers' Front, an organisation that oscillates between rojipardismo and hardline Stalinism.]
  30. ^ Escrivá, Ángeles [in Spanish] (28 May 2021). "La judoka comunista y la mujer desahuciada que gritaron a Oltra y a Irene Montero, dan la cara". El Mundo (Spain) (in Spanish).
  31. ^ a b c d Palomo, Aleksandro (December 2020). "Los principios ideológicos no admiten modas". El Viejo Topo (in Spanish) (395). Barcelona: 31–33. ISSN 0210-2706.
  32. ^ "56,000 Spanish Flags in Murcia city to highlight Covid dead in Spain". Murcia Today. 19 October 2020. In Valencia, left-wing protestors from the Frente Obrero ripped al the flags out and threw them away before the symbolic manifesto could be read out at mid-day.
  33. ^ [14][15][32][16]
  34. ^ [9][10][11][12]
  35. ^ Cuenca, L. (6 February 2023). "Qué es el Frente Obrero y por qué reventó un acto de Irene Montero: 'Enchufada, vividora... parásitos'". La Razón (in Spanish).
  36. ^ a b Vaquero, Roberto (2020). ¿Cómo reconstruir la izquierda revolucionaria en España? Combatividad, principios, organización y cultura (in Spanish). Editorial Círculo Rojo. p. 13. ISBN 978-84-1374-692-0.
  37. ^ a b c López, Jesús M. (19 August 2024). ""Gibraltar Español: Frente Obrero despliega una pancarta en la valla fronteriza". Portal de Cádiz (in Spanish). Entre las demandas y propuestas del Frente Obrero, se encuentran la defensa de la soberanía nacional, la educación universitaria gratuita y la nacionalización de sectores estratégicos. Además, se oponen a la discriminación positiva, a la corrección política y a la Ley Trans, entre otros puntos.
  38. ^ "Programa". Frente Obrero España (in Spanish). 7 September 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  39. ^ a b Balaguer Navarro, Asier (29 January 2024). "El fenómeno del Frente Obrero en España". Nueva Libertad (in Spanish).
  40. ^ Fernández, Andoni (23 March 2020). "Frente Obrero: así es el Vox leninista que se ríe de la 'izquierda pop'". Moncloa (in Spanish).
  41. ^ "¿Qué es Frente Obrero, el partido liderado por Roberto Vaquero para las Elecciones Europeas y cuál es su ideología?". Diario AS (in Spanish). 9 June 2024.
  42. ^ a b c Ondarra, Marcos (13 June 2021). "La izquierda fiel a Marx y a Lenin que escrachea a Podemos: 'Han vendido a la clase trabajadora'". El Español (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 October 2025.
  43. ^ a b Fdez-Chillón, Ramiro (12 April 2023). "¿Quién está detrás del grupo político que afeó a Sánchez su postura del Sáhara en medio de un mitin?". El Debate (in Spanish).
  44. ^ "Frente Obrero revive el «no pasarán» alertando que «el islamismo quiere conquistar España»" [The Workers' Front revives the "they will not pass" warning that "Islamism wants to conquer Spain"]. The Objective (in Spanish). 19 July 2023.
  45. ^ Vera, José Antonio (16 January 2024). "La inmigración como moneda de cambio". La Razón (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 October 2025.
  46. ^ "Frente Obrero se suma al despliegue de lonas en Madrid: 'Que te vote Mohamed VI'". Vozpópuli (in Spanish). 14 July 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2025.
  47. ^ a b "¿Qué es, en realidad, Frente Obrero?". Kaos en la red (in Spanish). 31 January 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2025.
  48. ^ de Cea, Pablo (18 November 2023). "De Solidaridad a Frente Obrero: los lobos con piel de cordero que intentan captar el voto tradicional de izquierdas". Infobae (in Spanish).
  49. ^ "Juan Pina y Roberto Vaquero debatieron sobre el fascismo en la UFM". Fundación para el Avance de la Libertad (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 October 2025.
  50. ^ Zocato, Rob; Padrón, Nico (18 February 2022). "¿"Patriotismo revolucionario"? El Frente Obrero y la cuestión nacional". Organización Comunista Revolucionaria. Retrieved 26 October 2025.
  51. ^ Vaquero, Roberto (2024). Paredes Roibás, Denís (ed.). Por qué el obrero vota a la derecha: la deriva suicida de la izquierda (in Spanish). La Esfera de los Libros, S. L. pp. 9–10. ISBN 978-84-1384-840-2.
  52. ^ "Nos presentamos a las elecciones catalanas". Frente Obrero (in Spanish). 13 April 2024. Archived from the original on 22 September 2025. Retrieved 26 October 2025.
  53. ^ Bravo, Alejandro (21 May 2021). "Debate. El Frente Obrero con la "soberanía nacional" imperialista y contra Lenin". La Izquierda Diaro (in Spanish).
  54. ^ Vaquero, Roberto (2024). Paredes Roibás, Denís (ed.). Por qué el obrero vota a la derecha: la deriva suicida de la izquierda (in Spanish). La Esfera de los Libros, S. L. p. 9. ISBN 978-84-1384-840-2.
  55. ^ "El Frente Obrero impulsa una campaña homófoba en Valencia en la semana del Orgullo LGTB". Al Descubierto (in Spanish). 29 June 2022.
  56. ^ Nistal, Lucía (4 July 2023). "Frente Obrero, un discurso político homofóbico y racista que promueve la división de la clase trabajadora". La Izquierda Diario (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  57. ^ "El partido de los escraches a Sánchez y Podemos se presenta a las elecciones por primera vez en Castilla y León". El Español (in Spanish). 21 June 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  58. ^ Pozo, Valentín (3 February 2023). "Desmontando las mentiras de Roberto Vaquero y la ultraderecha sobre inmigración". Al Descubierto.
  59. ^ Moya, Aitor Santos (5 November 2022). "Jornada de tensión y agresiones en el avispero juvenil de la extrema izquierda madrileña". ABC (in Spanish). Madrid.
  60. ^ Ondarra, Marcos (12 April 2023). "El Frente Obrero amenaza con escrachear a todo el Gobierno en la precampaña electoral". The Objective (in Spanish).
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