Wikipedia:Articles for creation/2007-04-28

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Carrollite

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This request for creation has been reviewed. The reviewer comments appear below the article text. Carrollite, a steely gray mineral found in Carroll County, MD, got its name from the copper ore mines near Sykesville and Finksburg MD were it was first found. Sources [edit] http://www.mindat.org/min-911.html 69.137.36.239 01:03, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]
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Al Benner

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Experienced as a piano accompanist and conductor, Al Benner is best known as a composer with over fifty published works. His music has been performed throughout the United States and Canada, including New York’s Lincoln Center and Carnegie Hall. He has also had performances at The Vatican in Italy, and in several cities throughout Norway. He has received numerous commissions and awards from organizations, institutions, and individuals, including ASCAP Standard Awards," the Composer’s Commissioning Award from the Louisiana Music Teachers Association, and the Audience Choice Award from the Louisiana Sinfonietta’s String Quartet Festival of New Works, among others. He is the editor of Composer/USA, the bulletin of the National Association of Composers, USA, the editor of the Music of America reprint series by Conners Publications, the founder of the Wisconsin and the Louisiana Composers’ Consortiums, on the Advisory Board of the Louisiana Sinfonietta, and the Commissioning Chair for LMTA.

Benner has taught composition and theory at Louisiana State University and St. Norbert College (De Pere, WI). He holds undergraduate degrees in philosophy and music and a Master’s degree in composition from Tulane University. His Doctorate of Musical Arts degree in composition was awarded at LSU. Benner is currently on the music faculty of the Louisiana School for Math, Science and the Arts (Natchitoches).

Sources

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http://www.classical-composers.org/comp/benner

204.130.214.120 01:21, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]

Unless you are Carson P. Cooman, this is a copyright violation. However if you are this writer you should use independent sources to support this. GB 09:51, 8 August 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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Interwrite Interactive Whiteboard

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http://interwritelearning.com/images/sub/products/board/board-large.jpg Overview Digitizing Technology The Interwrite Board utilizes patented electromagnetic digitizing technology which delivers high resolution (1,000 lines per inch), providing superior performance for fine annotations and handwriting recognition, fast tracking speed and a hard, rigid construction for years of reliable use.

Software Interwrite Software, included with every Interwrite Board purchase, is an extremely intuitive and easy to use education software package that includes thousands of images and resources to create interactive lessons. Interwrite Software can also be used to annotate, highlight or make notes over any computer program. You can even save, print or e-mail your lessons and all notations to students who are away from class. Interwrite

Surface The Interwrite Board's work surface produces minimal glare when used in Interactive mode with a projector, and easy clean-up when used with dry-erase markers in Whiteboard mode.

Programmable Softkeys Programmable softkeys simplify using the Interwrite Board by providing instant access to launching a favorite application, Internet site or file.

Standard Features (US/Canada) Computer Connection A 25' serial (RS-232) cable and a 15' Universal Serial Bus (USB) are included with all models. Models 1060B, 1071B, 1077B, and 1085B also include a wireless Bluetooth™ connection.

Interactive Pens Two interactive pens providing full mouse capability (left and right click, drag and drop, etc.). One pen contains an eraser and Expo® markers (red and blue) for dry-erase use.

Pen Tray The pen tray provides a convenient storage location for the interactive pens.

Wall Mount Bracket The wall mount bracket provides support when hanging the Interwrite Board on a wall.

Power Supply A power supply with a 10' cord is included. The power supply output is rated at 9V @ 1A.

Optional Accessories Floor Stand A sturdy, easily adjustable floor stand on casters provides a convenient means to move the Interwrite Board from room to room.

Bluetooth Hub Available as either a PCMCIA card or a USB dongle, the Bluetooth Hub is an antenna that connects to your PC and provides wireless connectivity between your computer and the Interwrite Board (Models 1060B, 1071B, 1077B, and 1085B only), as well as the Interwrite Pad (Model 400 only).

Interactive Pens/Pen Chargers Additional interactive pens are available to provide full mouse capability (left and right click, drag and drop, etc.) when using the Interwrite Board. A new pen charger is available that mounts to the side of the Interwrite Board and allows users to charge 2 battery-free interactive pens.

Sources

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www.interwritelearning.com

65.100.164.213 02:15, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]

Declined. We're sorry, but your article appears to read more like an advertisement than an entry in an encyclopedia. If you still feel that this subject is appropriate for Wikipedia, please rewrite your proposed article in the form of an encyclopedia entry, not an advertisement. Encyclopedia entries should be written from a neutral point of view, and should refer to a range of published, verifiable sources, not just to materials produced by the creator of the item being discussed. GB 08:30, 8 August 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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Nicola Marschall

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Nicola Marschall was born in 1829 in ....

Sources

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84.140.81.114 02:44, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]

Declined. This article appears to be taken from http://www.archives.state.al.us/marschall/NM_dsth.html. We cannot accept copyrighted content taken from web sites or printed sources. Note that copyright protection is granted to all works automatically, whether it is asserted or not. Unless stated otherwise, assume that most content on the internet is copyrighted and not suitable for Wikipedia. Please write in your own words, and in continuous prose.

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SlaveHack

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Slave Hack is a browser-based hacking simulation created by M2H. In the game, you are given a VPC, a virtual computer, which you then use to seek out NPCs and other player-controlled VPCs, to "slave." A "slaved" computer is accessible at any time, and can be used to spam, sell warez, or launch DDoS attacks. Players can also access and modify the files on a slave's computer.

A VPC is identified by its IP address. This address can be changed, and is also not connected in any way to the player's login, making it nearly impossible to determine which VPC belongs to which player. IP addresses are left whenever a player carries out some sort of action, from logging into a VPC to downloading a file to installing a virus. Players must ensure they delete their IP from the VPC's log to ensure other player's cannot access it.

File types

.ana Computer Analyzer A computer analyzer will give the user information about the hardware of the VPC it is used on. A higher level computer analyzer will give more accurate information. Currently, computer analyzers go up to level 4.1.

.av Anti-Virus An Anti-Virus program allows the user to remove .vspam, .ddos and .vshare virus files from his/her VPC. Currently, Anti-Virus programs only go up to 4.5

.crc Password Cracker A password cracker is used to crack the password of VPCs. A higher level cracker will perform faster and have a higher chance of success. Currently, password crackers go up to level 4.5.

.dec File Decrypter A file decrypter will decrypt a file. File decrypters can only decrypt files that were encrypted by an encrypter of equal or lower level than the file decrypter. Currently, file decrypters go up to level 4.5.

.enc File Encrypter A file encrpyter will encrypt a file, preventing it from being used or downloaded. In order to be unencrypted, a decrypter of equal or higher level must be used. Currently, file encrypters go up to level 4.5.

.exe Executable Executable files carry out a special function when used. Currently, the only executable is forum.exe, which, when used on a group server, will give the user access to the group server's forum. There are no levels for executable files.

.fc FTPCash An FTPcash file is required on the owner of a slave's VPC in order for that slave to sell warez. The level of the FTPCash must be equal to or greater than the level of the warez sharing virus in order to collect income. Currently, FTPCash files go up to level 4.5.

.fwl Firewall A firewall protects a VPC by preventing players with a waterwall of lower level from attempting to crack into it. Higher level firewalls take longer to crack, providing more protection to its owner. Currently, firewalls go up to level 4.5.

.hdr File Hider A file hider can be used on software to prevent other players from seeing them. They are most useful for hiding viruses or key files the player will need. Once hidden, only players with a file seeker of equal or higher level can view and unhide files. Currently, file hiders go up to level 4.5.

.mailer Mailer A mailer file is required on the owner of a slave's VPC in order for that slave to send spam. The level of the mailer must be equal to or greater than the level of the spam virus in order to collect income. Currently, mailer files go up to level 4.5.

.rddos DDoS Remote A DDoS remote is required on the owner of slave's VPC in order for the owner to launch a DDoS attack. The remote will only include DDoS viruses that are equal to or lower than the level of the remote when launching the attack. Currently, DDoS remotes go up to level 0.6.

.rip Warez A warez file is required on a VPC, along with an installed warez sharing virus, in order to generate income by selling warez. The level of warez has no real significance however the higher level of warez the more money it will generate. However the rareness of the warez also effects the rate at which it generates money. The highest current level is 0.7. For information on warez prices look for "Report.txt. ;)

.skr File Seeker A file seeker can be used to view hidden files as well as unhide them. In order to view or unhide a hidden file, the level of the file seeker must be equal to or higher than the level of the file hider used to hide the software. Currently, file seekers go up to level 4.5.

.txt Text File A text file can be created and edited by players, and simply contains text and a title in a notepad form. Text files are most importantly part of the riddle trail, a series of riddles players can solve to find NPCs and advance through the levels of software.

.vddos DDoS Virus A DDoS virus can be uploaded to a slave's VPC, and then installed, allowing the owner of the slave to launch a DDoS attack against the VPC of another user or NPC. A DDoS attack will cause damage to the hardware of the target, as well as possibly delete files. A DDoS virus will require an antivirus of equal or higher level to remove. Currently, DDoS viruses go up to level 0.6.

.vshare Warez Sharing Virus A warez sharing virus can be uploaded to a slave's VPC, and then installed, allowing the owner of the slave to sell warez, generating income. A warez virus also requires that a warez file exist on the VPC of the slave. Different warez will generate different amounts of money, based on how many other slaves are selling the same warez. A warez sharing virus will require an antivirus of equal or higher level to remove. Currently, warez sharing viruses go up to level 4.0.

.vspam Spam Virus A spam virus can be uploaded to a slave's VPC, and then installed, allowing the owner of the slave to send spam, generating income. A spam virus will require an antivirus of equal or higher level to remove. Currently, spam viruses go up to level 4.5.

.wwl Waterwall A waterwall is a firewall bypasser that allows its user to attempt to crack a VPC with firewall that has a level equal to or lower than the waterwall. The higher the level of the waterwall, the faster the crack will occur. Currently, waterwalls go up to level 4.5.

Levels

the levels of software are varied and range from 0.1 to 4.5. The higher the level the larger the file size, but it also has certain advantages over lower level software. For example, a virus hidden by a 0.3 File Hider can be viewed by a 0.4 Seeker, but a virus hidden by a 0.6 File Hider cannot.

Sources

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Official website http://www.slavehack.com Official Forum http://www.slavehack.com/includes2/forum.php M2H's homepage http://www.m2h.nl/ Slavehack toolbar for FireFox http://addons.mozilla.org/addon/4190 Useful Slavehack tools http://www.chessoscorner.com/ 68.238.99.30 04:13, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]

Declined. We cannot accept unsourced suggestions or sources that are not reliable per the verifiability policy. Please provide reputable, third-party sources with your suggestions. Third party sources are needed both to establish the verifiability of the submission as well as its notability. the game exists but the sources are not reliable, either primary or unreliable but no reliable secondary sources. The game may not be notable. GB 08:43, 8 August 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board

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This request for creation has been reviewed. The reviewer comments appear below the article text. Redirect to OTC Bulletin Board Sources [edit] Alternate name. 71.117.207.70 05:02, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply] GB 08:48, 8 August 2007 (UTC)[reply]
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Stagg Street Recordings

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Stagg Street Recordings is Los Angeles, California band Kara's Flowers' follow up to their moderately successful debut album The Fourth World. It is an independent release, as the band was dropped from their label after the first album failed to take off commercially.

Tracks

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"If You Only Knew" - 3:28
"The Fog" - 4:45
"Simple Kind Of Lovely" - 3:31
"The Great Getaway" - 3:45
"Good At Being Gone" - 3:07
"Not Falling Apart" - 2:14
"The Kid With The Velvet Eyes" - 5:14
"As Things Collide" - 3:51
"Everyday Goodbyes" - 5:28

no trace of any source. GB 08:51, 8 August 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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Rob Sawyer

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This request for creation has been reviewed. The reviewer comments appear below the article text. Redirect to Robert J. Sawyer Sources [edit] informal name by which Sawyer is also known 74.12.93.32 06:08, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]
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Doug Perkins

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Douglas Perkins former Welsh rugby player for Llanelli. After retirement started his own optical business which offered free eye tests to welsh rugby union members.

Sources

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220.253.133.13 06:46, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]
Declined. This suggestion doesn't sufficiently explain the importance or significance of the subject. See the speedy deletion criteria A7 and/or guidelines on biographies. Please provide more information on why the person or group is worthy of inclusion in an encyclopedia. Thank you. Ravanacker | Talk 18:56, 5 July 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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G-Star (rapper)

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{{Infobox musical artist}}

Greg Taylor is a British hip hop rapper born in 1986 in Salford, Manchester, but raised in Thatcham, Berkshire who uses the stage name G-Star; he is also a full-time producer. His song "Fast As..." was considered for the Need For Speed: Carbon soundtrack.

Early career

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G-Star began his career by making beats for rappers, before writing rhymes himself and rapping on London's underground hip hop scene in MC battles. G-Star produces his beats and songs alongside his long-time friends RIP and Lewza from Turtle Productions his current independent label.

Using CUBASE software and home recording equipment, he was able set up his own record label and distribute his CD mix tapes through independent record shops. In doing so, he received airplay on many pirate radio stations before being playlisted by BBC music station Radio 1 three years ago. G-Star is still unsigned, stating that he chooses to be this way until he finds the right record company for him.

G-Star has released two independent mixtapes, called What Do You Know? Volumes 1 and 2. They were underground successes, and his debut LP I'm Only Doing This To Fund My Mates Alcoholism is to be released on June 10, 2007. Its first single, "Eternally Compunctious", headed in at #49 on the UK national charts during May.

Awards

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His reputation rose from underground to mainstream after coming into the public eye by winning a Kennet award in September 2006 for Best Hip Hop Act. G-Star defeated local Hip-Hop artists, and friends RIP and 'Fro to collect the award.

He has also been nominated for the second year running in the best hip-hop category for the Kennet awards to be held at the end of September 2007. ^[1]

Discography

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Full discography: G-Star Discography

"Up Your Speed" (2005)
"Eternally Compunctious" (2007) UK #49
"Broke Whities" (featuring RIP) (2007)

Mixtapes

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G-Star - What Do You Know? Vol. 1 (2005)
G-Star - What Do You Know? Vol. 2 (2006)

Sources

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Taylor, Greg Taylor, Greg Taylor, Greg Taylor, Greg

Article created. Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! ~ G1ggy! _Reply 03:27, 29 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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Dangerhouse Records

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Before Dangerhouse compilations Volumes One and Two, on Frontier Records, and the "Live at the Masque" compiliations issued first on Flipside Records and later re-issues, in extended forms, on Exene Cervenka's Year One vanity label, the Dangerhouse recorda legacy was made public by a mysterious bootlegger. "Me Want BReakfast" was an attempt to make more widely available the obscure output of the Dangerhouse Records Catalog, a label which supported the most fruitful and interesting output of the Los Angeles punk era.

No source. GB 08:54, 8 August 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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Gretchen Parlato

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Gretchen Parlato is an american jazz singer notable for performing with Lionel Loueke and being praised by Herbie Hancock, her extraordinaire voice has been compared to a female Frank Sinatra and Nat King Cole. in 2001 she was the first vocalist to be accepted into the Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz Performance. on 2004 she won the Thelonious Monk Award in Washington D.C. On 2005 she released her first self titled album.

Sources

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http://www.jazzreview.com/article/review-4458.html http://www.kennedy-center.org/calendar/index.cfm?fuseaction=showEvent&event=MGJCR http://www.allsoulsatsundown.org/months/0405/parlato.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgQ8tvh7L00 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZO5NyYTfZI - on music bs

official website: http://www.gretchenparlato.com/ 201.230.91.136 09:10, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]

Declined. This article already exists in Wikipedia. probably created from your contribution without crediting this page. GB 09:43, 8 August 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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romanian communism /research project headline

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Sources

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Bibliography:

- The Securitate Archives-Consiliul National de Studiere a Arhivelor Securitatii CNSAS - Baum, Willa K. Transcribing & Editing Oral History. Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press, 1991. - Davis, Back, and Kay MacLean. Oral History. U.S.A.: American Library Association, 1977. - Hoopes, James. Oral History: An Introduction for Students. U.S.A.: University of North Carolina Press, 1979. - Ives, Edward D. The Tape-Recorded Interview: A Manual for Field Workers in Folklore & Oral History. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1995. - Mercier, Laurie, and Madeline Buckendorf. Using Oral History in Community History Projects. Carlisle: Oral History Association, 1992. - Moss, William W. Oral History Program Manual. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1974. - Ritchie, Donald A. Doing Oral History. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1995. - Sandifer and Rowland Gill. Oral History: A Complete Guide to Interviewing & Transcription. Shreveport, La.: Archival Services, Inc, 1985. - Sitton, Thad; Mehaffy, George L.; and Davis, O. L., Jr. Oral History: A Guide for Teachers and Others. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1983. - Yow, Valerie Raleigh. Recording Oral History. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publication, 1994. - Flekke, Mary M. Oral History: A Bibliography. Lakeland, Fla: M. M. Flekke, 1998. - Havlice, Patricia Pate. Oral History: A Reference Guide and Annotated Bibliography. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1985. - Perks, Robert. Oral History: An Annotated Bibliography. London: British Library National Sound Archive, 1990. - Waserman, Manfred J. Bibliography on Oral History. New York: Oral History Association, 1975. - Grele, Ronald, ed. Envelopes of Sound: Six Practitioners Discuss the Method, Theory and Practice of Oral History and Oral Testimony. Chicago: Precedent Publishing, 1992. - Perks, Robert, and Alistair Thomson. The Oral History Reader. New York: Routledge, 1998. - Oral History: An Interdisciplinary Anthology. U.S.A.: American Association for State and Local History, 1984. - Ritchie, D. A. (1995). Doing Oral History. New York, Toronto, Twayne Publishers. Oral History 150.713/140.648 3 - Perks, R. and A. Thomson (1998). The Oral History Reader. London; New York,Routledge. - Portelli, A. (1990). The Death of Luigi Trastulli, and Other Stories: Form and Meaning in Oral History. Albany, N.Y., State University of New York Press. - Terkel, Studs. Hard Times : An Oral History of the Great Depression. New York: New Press : Distributed by W.W. Norton, 2000.

Acampeanu 10:00, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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Odyssice

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Odyssice is a Dutch Music Band. The name is a fantasy name associated with Greek mythology. It was founded in 1986 by Bastiaan Peeters (guitar), André Hubbeling (keyboards) and Alan Natele (drums). The group had an enormous start when 'Track One' was played on the Dutch radio-show Countdown Café in 1987. Well known bands like IQ, Pendragon, Oblique and other prog-bands were played in this radio-show. The phone never stopped ringing. Kees Baars host of 'Countdown Café' had never seen such a reaction. The music of Odyssice is quite unique and can be described as dark clouds of string-ensembles and beautiful long guitar-solos. The guitar-solos add a vocal quality to this impressive instrumental music. All these ingredients make the music colourful and illustrative.

The first member changes had occurred in 1989. Bart Kühne replaced Alan and Erik Aafjes was added on bass. 'Losing Her' was their new track on the 'Exposure'-LP from the magazine 'Sym-Info', and according to 'Sym-Info's' office 'Losing Her' was one of the best songs on the album. The huge interest lad to an invitation to perform at a 'Sym-Info's' festival at 't Noorderligt in Tilburg on June 16th 1989. The Noorderligt performance was a huge success. Requests for the live tape of that show were enormous and it was sold out in no time.

The band was musically successful but musical differences caused them to disappear from spotlight for some time. Then Bastiaan and Bart decided to reincarnate Odyssice with new members. After a long period of try-outs, including singers, Odyssice became a quartet again. The band became complete with the addition of bassist Pascal van de Pol and keyboard-wizard Jeroen van der Wiel.

In 1997 the debut CD was released. The mini-album 'Moondrive' was well received by both the prog-critics and prog-fans world-wide. Orders from all over the world were placed, including Brasil, US, UK, France, Spain, Italy, Germany, Poland, and even the out-corners of Asia.

The release was followed by a series of performances kicking off at the very first ProgFarm in Bakkeveen-NL. Tivoli (ProgWorld), De Lantaarn (SympHel) and Hedon (with Pallas) followed shortly after.

After two fruitful years and a sold out album Odyssice decided to take it slow in 1999. They worked on new material for the follow up to 'Moondrive'. The new songs were finished at the end of that same year and in January 2000 the recording of 'Impression' took place.

Shortly after the contracts were signed with Cyclops records, the new Odyssice album 'Impression' was released world-wide on November 1st. Once again the album has been well received by both prog-critics and prog-fans.

In 2001 there were two performances in which Odyssice played tracks from 'Moondrive' and 'Impression'.

Due to personal problems at the end of 2001 everything around the band became very quiet. And mid 2002 Pascal decided to leave the band and focus on a complete different music-style, leaving Menno, Bastiaan and Jeroen without bass-player.

The album 'Moondrive' was well regarded by fans and there were a lot of requests for a re-make. Odyssice agreed with Cyclops records to do just that and the new re-issue contained a multimedia part with live video's and several other goodies. This album was released June 2003.

Finding a suitable new bass-player turned out to be a more challenging task than first expected. Resulting finally at the end of 2004 the arrival of bass-player Peter Kosterman.

After a slow start in 2005 when the band moved their rehearsal room to a new location, which had to be completely re-decorated, the band are now fully in action writing new material for a new album to be released in 2006.

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romanian greek catholic church during communism

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Dimensiunea internaţională a unui caz de solidaritate catolică: Monseniorul Vladimir Ghika în închisorile comuniste din România biserica greco-catolica/ romanian greek catholic church/ church under communism

Dimensiunea internaţională a unui caz de solidaritate catolică: Monseniorul Vladimir Ghika în închisorile comuniste din România

“Se stingeau pe rând aleşii neamului, pe care cei fărădelege i-au strâns în temniţe, pentru că îşi iubeau neamul şi ţara, îşi iubeau credinţa părinţilor. Se stingeau în temniţele Sighetului şi în toate temniţele sămănate în ţara întreagă, prefăcută în temniţa unui popor întreg, asuprit şi călcat în picioare, despuiat de libertate şi de toate drepturile sale şi batjocorit peste măsură”.

(Credinţa noastră este viaţa noastră. Memoriile Cardinalului Dr. Iuliu Hossu, Ed. Viaţa Creştină, Cluj-Napoca, 2003, p.275)

Procesul sovietizării României este presărat cu numeroase drame, colective sau individuale, cărora le-au căzut adesea victimă instituţii sau oameni ai bisericii. Mai ales istoria Bisericii Catolice din Europa Centrală şi de Est este plină de exemple. S-a scris deja mult despre suferinţa provocată în înverşunarea lor totalitară de autorităţile comuniste româneşti, în totală contradicţie cu marile, generoasele obiective proclamate de aparatul de propagandă: înlăturarea nedreptăţii sociale, egalitate între oameni, umanism, libertatea opţiunilor de credinţă, înflorirea spiritului creator. Intre mulţi preoţi şi prelaţi loviţi de pumnul dur al comunismului temporar triumfător, figura luminoasă a Monseniorului Vladimir Ghika ocupă un loc aparte. A suportat rigoarea brutală a aparatului represiv comunist şi şi-a aflat moartea în întunecimea temniţei la o vârstă foarte înaintată, cu cine ştie câtă deznădejde în suflet din partea celor omeneşti. Despre acest personaj, cu o aureolă parcă accentuată de trecerea vremii, va fi vorba în cele ce urmează, încercând, pe baza unor documente din Arhivele de la Ministerul Afacerilor Externe de la Paris, reconstituirea unor iniţiative cu efecte internaţionale care s-au înfiripat, izvorâte din conştiinţa solidarităţii catolice, cu scopul de a-l ajuta. Monseniorul Vladimir Ghika şi apostolatul său s-au bucurat de atenţia biografilor şi comentatorilor. Este totuşi utilă o prezentare succintă a acestei vieţi sfârşită în martiriu, aducând poate completări oportune la ceea ce se ştie. S-a născut dintr-o familie ilustră, ortodox devenit prin convertire catolic, preot al Bisericii Romane de rit latin, protonotar apostolic, prieten personal – după anumite surse – al Papei Pius al XII-lea . Monseniorul Vladimir Ghika era ofiţer al Legiunii de Onoare, probabil în consecinţa eforturilor depuse împreună cu fratele său Dimitrie, pentru organizarea unei legiuni româneşti în Primul Război Mondial, care să lupte de partea Puterilor Aliate şi Asociate după încheierea păcii separate de către România . Foarte ataşat Franţei, el a întreţinut relaţii strânse cu membrii legaţiei acesteia, şi după al Doilea Război mondial, fiind capelanul personalului. După război, diplomaţii de la Legaţia Franţei la Bucureşti mai frecventau biserica Lazariştilor ascultând serviciul divin celebrat de Monseniorul Ghika. In atmosfera tulbure, grea, din anii postbelici, acestor membri ai Legaţiei Franceze le împărtăşea gândurile sale pline de îngrijorare cu privire la soarta Bisericii Catolice din România în perspectiva sesizabilă a sovietizării ţării . Ca preot, Monseniorul Ghika fusese la Paris rector la biserica numită de un abate francez care l-a cunoscut bine, L’Eglise des Etrangers, 33 rue de Sèvres, unde a desfăşurat o susţinută activitate de evanghelizare, sau reevanghelizare a zonelor mărginaşe ale Parisului. Locuia într-un fel de capelă baracă, fiind respectat până şi de comunişti, dintre care pe unii, afirmă o sursă, i-ar fi şi convertit . In România, prelatul s-a ocupat cu stăruinţă de leproşi, cu abnegaţie şi dispreţ faţă de riscuri, folosindu-se de cunoştinţele sale medicale pentru a le pansa rănile. După mărturia aceluiaşi abate francez, Nicolas Masloff, ar fi făcut vindecări miraculoase cu ajutorul relicvei „ de la Sainte Epine” pe care o deţinea. A fost lăudat de toţi cei care l-au cunoscut pentru marea sa bunătate şi pentru curajul de a refuza să părăsească ţara după abdicarea forţată a regelui Mihai, aşa cum a făcut fratele său Dimitrie Ghika, fost ministru de externe al României, care s-a exilat împreună cu familia regală şi locuia la Geneva, 2 Chemin de la Gradelle . Un al doilea personaj, deja introdus în scenă, este abatele Masloff, preot în Valence, Région Rhône Alpes, departamentul Drôme, unde locuia la Villa Saint Félix, pe strada Montplaisir, la numărul 53. Cine era părintele Masloff ? De bună seamă cineva care nu iubea comunismul. Iată cum se exprima el despre comunişti: “Rien de bon pour la France ne sortira de toutes ces conférences avec les bolcheviks. Car il est parfaitement inutile et dangereux de se compromettre avec des voleurs et des assassins, qui n’ont aucune parole. Ces conférences profitent aux bolcheviks seuls. A quoi sert de discuter avec des escrocs qui n’ont aucune parole et qui sont bien décidés de vous tromper? ”. Aceste sentimente par să-i fi fost inspirate de mizerii pe care i le făcuseră, pare-se, înainte comuniştii, probabil cei din Franţa, la care face aluzie, fără a aduce precizări, într-o scrisoare adresată, se pare, ministrului de externe al Franţei, pe atunci Georges Bidault, la 15 aprilie 1953: “J’ai eu beaucoup à souffrir de la part des communistes. Je profite de l’occasion pour vous remercier encore une fois de votre charité à mon égard. Car c’est à vous que je dois surtout ma libération. Maintenant je suis gracié complètement et il ne reste plus rien de ma condamnation ”. Ce condamnare, pentru ce ? Ce legătură are ea cu comuniştii ? Să fie vorba de eventuale incriminări pentru colaborare ? Greu de crezut, deoarece abatele Nicolas Masloff fusese deportat în Germania împreună cu Bruno de Solages, rector al Institutului Catolic din Toulouse şi prieten al ministrului. Este mânat în demersurile sale de sincere sentimente creştineşti, de o adânc trăită recunoştinţă pentru Monseniorul Ghika, al cărui fiu spiritual se declară, afirmând, fără a face nici de această dată precizări, că îi datorează salvarea şi sacerdoţiul. Au mai fost implicate în demersurile legate de întemniţarea Monseniorului Vladimir Ghika şi alte persoane şi anume : Georges Bidault, ministru de externe al Franţei, fost prim-ministru, Renaud Sivan şi Pierre Francfort, miniştri ai Republicii Franceze la Bucureşti, şefi ai Legaţiei din România, Jean Laloy, consilier de ambasadă, director al Direcţiei Afacerilor Orientale la Direcţia Politică Generală a Ministerului de Externe francez ; oameni ai bisericii, prelaţi francezi şi papali : Monseniorul Bruno de Solages rectorul Institutului Catolic din Toulouse, fost deportat în Germania, Cardinalul Tisserant, prefect al Congregaţiei Orientale la Vatican, Părintele François, preot al Bisericii Lazariştilor din Bucureşti ; funcţionari ai altor instituţii : contele de Rougé, preşedinte al liniei Societăţilor Crucii Roşii, Geneva, 26 Avenue de Beau Séjour, contele de Briey, director al Biroului Internaţional al Muncii la Geneva, ginerele lui Dimitrie Ghika. Au fost implicate instituţii : Legaţia Franţei la Bucureşti, Sub-direcţia Europei Orientale a Direcţiei Politice Generale Europa a Ministerului Afacerilor Externe francez . In România, cu toate şicanele pe care a trebuit să le suporte după instalarea deplină a puterii comuniste la Bucureşti, Monseniorul Vladimir Ghika a fost lăsat să-şi continue activitatea până în anul 1952. La Legaţia Franţei, care întâmpina, ca şi celelalte reprezentanţe diplomatice din România, serioase dificultăţi de informare, s-a pierdut urma Monseniorului Ghika, până în ziua de 24 noiembrie 1952, când o telegramă trimisă la Quai d’Orsay constata arestarea prinţului prelat. “Il se confirme – se spunea în depeşă – que Monseigneur Ghika, qui avait disparu au début de la semaine dernière a été arrêté le 18” . Semnificativ, diplomaţii francezi de la Bucureşti sugerau Ministerului lor de Externe să anunţe vestea la Sfântul Scaun, dar cu toată discreţia posibilă, evitându-se orice publicitate, în interesul prelatului şi al părintelui François, împreună cu care locuise şi care nu fusese încă în situaţia de a suporta dificultăţi din partea autorităţilor comuniste. Aceasta cu toate că Legaţia, membrii săi, preoţii catolici se aflau – ştim acum cu certitudine datorită documentelor de arhivă – sub atenta supraveghere a serviciilor secrete comuniste . Vestea a ajuns repede la Vatican, completând dimensiunea internaţională pe care o dobândise cazul Monseniorului Ghika prin simpla preluare şi vehiculare a informaţiilor de către Legaţia Franţei. Precizând că era vorba de un “…missionnaire des plus éminents, ami personnel du Saint-Père” telegrama Legaţiei de la Bucureşti introduce chestiunea în angrenajul relaţiilor diplomatice. Dând curs informaţiei venite de la Bucureşti, în 26 noiembrie 1952, deci la numai două zile, o altă telegramă, trimisă de această dată de Direcţia Generală Politică, Europa, din Sub-direcţia Europei Orientale de la Quai d’Orsay, cerea ambasadorului francez pe lângă Sfântul Scaun, Vladimir d’Ormesson, să facă acolo cunoscute cele întâmplate. Menţiunea „ très urgent” de pe document semnalează importanţa acordată transmiterii acestei ştiri, nu numai la Sfântul Scaun, privat de orice posibilitate de informare directă prin expulzarea de către regimul comunist din România a personalului Nunţiaturii de la Bucureşti în vara lui 1950 . Renaud Sivan, ministrul Franţei la Bucureşti, bănuia că arestarea Monseniorului Ghika putea fi pusă în legătură cu încercarea regimului de a determina pe Monseniorul Cisar, vicar apostolic la Bucureşti, să se retragă, pentru a pune în locul lui un preot mai înclinat să colaboreze cu autorităţile comuniste . Aceasta este o informaţie eronată, Monseniorul Cisar neocupând o asemenea funcţie la data respectivă. După câteva luni, în decursul cărora informaţiile, greu de procurat de altfel, despre soarta Monseniorului Ghika lipsesc din documentele de la Quai d’Orsay, la 15 aprilie 1953 abatele Nicolas Masloff, deja menţionat, trimite, după cum am văzut, o scrisoare, una dintr-o corespondenţă mai amplă, se pare, pe care, o întreţine pentru ajutarea Monseniorului Ghika, ministrului de externe francez Georges Bidault. Simţindu-se foarte îndatorat prelatului român, părintele Masloff îi ceruse şi rectorului Institutului Catolic din Toulouse să scrie ministrului despre cazul Monseniorului Ghika pentru a-i cere ajutorul. Se baza şi pe prietenia ministrului cu rectorul de Solages . Cu un devotament rar întâlnit, abatele se străduieşte să convingă pe interlocutorul său epistolar despre calităţile personale ale Monseniorului Ghika, scoţând în evidenţă apostolatul său. Nu uită să amintească un argument care trebuia să aibă efect asupra unui ministru francez şi anume ataşamentul consecvent al prinţului faţă de Franţa şi interesele sale. Abatele Masloff desfăşoară o adevărată pledoarie în favoarea unui cleric bătrân, în vârstă de 79 de ani, care, spunea el, nu va putea suporta „ les horreurs des geôles communistes” . Foarte îngrijorat de soarta prelatului român, în legătură cu care fusese informat de consilierul de ambasadă Jean Laloy dar despre care nu mai ştia nimic de o vreme, abatele Masloff îşi pune nădejdea în destinatarul scrisorilor sale, el putând face ceva pentru clericul întemniţat având „.... plus de possibilités”. Invocă sentimentele de caritate catolică ale acestuia. Vine şi cu o propunere concretă, pentru care numai Ministrul de Externe putea găsi cale de înfăptuire: prinţul Ghika în schimbul unui comunist român. Avansează opinia că regimul comunist din România l-ar fi expulzat pe prelat, dacă monseniorul nu ar fi fost cetăţean român. Abatele îşi punea speranţa în puterea de convingere a Monseniorului Bruno de Solages . Intervenţia acestuia nu este însă atestată documentar. Istoricul ar profita mult dacă s-ar putea folosi retrospectiv de o „ machine à lire la pensée”. Am cunoaşte astfel adevăratele intenţii şi planuri ale celor implicaţi din diplomaţia franceză. Sigur este că la numai cinci zile de la data scrisorii, deci în scurtă vreme, la 20 aprilie 1953 Cabinetul Ministrului trimite Direcţiei Europa epistola preotului din Valence însoţită de un borderou pe care cineva (să fi fost ministrul?) adăugase cu creionul „ Mr. Laloy connaît bien M. Masloff; il estime qu’il n’y a pas lieu de répondre pour le moment” . Mai târziu, la 19 mai 1953, Direcţia Generală Politică, Europa, Direcţia Europei Orientale de pe lângă Ministerul de Externe Francez redactează o „Notă pentru Directoratul General al Afacerilor Politice”, în care se anunţă arestarea la 18 noiembrie 1952 a Monseniorului Vladimir Ghika, elogiindu-i activitatea, ataşamentul faţă de Franţa şi Sfântul Scaun, „ et à son ministère”.” Notre Légation –se spune în document¬- entretenait de longue date avec ce prélat des relations confiantes; peu avant son arrestation, Mgr. Ghika faisait encore part à notre ministre à Bucarest de ses vives préoccupations concernant la situation de l’Eglise Catholique en Roumanie. Depuis le mois de novembre, la Direction d’Europe, comme les représentants de la France à Bucarest n’ont cessé de rechercher de quelle manière il pourrait être porté assistance à Mgr. Ghika. Ces eforts seront poursuivis dans toute la mesure du possible” . Aceasta este o frumoasă declaraţie de intenţii, dar fără consistenţă. Nu se preconizează nimic concret. Caracterul vag al acesteia sugerează că se fac afirmaţii doar pentru a avea un punct de vedere. Nu se specifică ce fel de eforturi se vor desfăşura şi care era măsura acelui „posibil”. Este posibil ca Legaţia Franţei să fi încercat să caute căi pe care putea fi ajutat prelatul român încă din noiembrie 1952 şi putem presupune acest lucru şi despre Direcţia Europa, dar atestarea lor documentară trebuie să mai aştepte noi cercetări, căci la 19 mai 1953 cele două instituţii se aflau încă în căutarea unor asemenea mijloace . Este neîndoielnic că la nivelul conducerii Ministerului de Externe de la Paris, ca şi printre alţi funcţionari ai săi, şi în unele medii sociale, exista interes pentru soarta unui prelat român care apărase interesele Franţei. Subdirecţia Europei Orientale, care transmisese Directorului general al Afacerilor Politice informaţiile, puţine, trimise de la Bucureşti cere din nou Legaţiei Franţei, ministrului Renaud Sivan, noutăţi suplimentare, în cazul în care ele existau, la 9 iunie 1953 . Dintr-o analiză întocmită la Quai d’Orsay, aflăm că Renaud Sivan putuse trimite puţine informaţii, unele nu prea credibile nici la Legaţie: prelatul român petrecuse o perioadă de detenţie la Văcăreşti, ceeea ce era posibil, după care ar fi fost transferat la Snagov. Părintele François fusese informat de o infirmieră că era bine tratat, ceea ce este îndoielnic, că-şi continua apostolatul cu deţinuţii şi gardienii , ceea ce este mai greu de crezut, pentru cine ştie cum au fost trataţi în închisorile comuniste alţi preoţi şi prelaţi catolici. Se ridică fireşte întrebarea: cine era acea infirmieră, cum putuse intra în închisoare, care este partea intoxicării cu ştiri false în care serviciile secrete comuniste erau atât de eficiente? Se observă, pe de-o parte, dificultatea cu care se informau diplomaţii francezi, şi alţii, în capitala României, pe de alta lipsa unor iniţiative care să plece de la Quai d’Orsay spre Bucureşti pentru salvarea bătrânului prelat. Exista, se pare, la Ministerul de Externe al Franţei şi o anumită reţinere, care a împiedicat posibilele demersuri oficiale concrete în favoarea Monseniorului Ghika. Ce făcea între timp abatele Masloff, protagonistul atât de devotat al iniţiativelor de ajutorare a Monseniorului Ghika? Din perspectiva documentelor păstrate la Quai d’Orsay, el a petrecut o perioadă de tăcere. Câtă dezamăgire ar fi resimţit dacă ar fi aflat că tocmai Jean Laloy, cel care putea să joace un rol în demersurile eventuale destinate să ducă la eliberarea patronului său spiritual, fusese de părere să nu se răspundă scrisorii sale din 15 aprilie 1953! El revine cu o scrisoare, în 22 februarie 1954, trimisă aceluiaşi ministru, după aprecierile noastre, bazate pe unele detalii din această corespondenţă, Georges Bidault, căruia i se adresează acum cu „Domnule preşedinte”(?). Nu ştia dacă monseniorul Bruno de Solages răspunsese cererii sale de a interveni pe lângă ministru. Ştia însă că iniţiativa sa nu avusese rezultate palpabile. Prelatul român se afla tot în închisoare dar abatele Masloff ştia, sau credea că ştie, de la cardinalul Tisserant cu care luase legătura între timp, că protonotarul apostolic era încă în viaţă. Ar fi avut veşti că Monseniorul Ghika trăia şi contele de Rougé, Preşedintele liniei Societăţii Crucii Roşii, căruia îi scrisese la Geneva, Avenue du Beau Sejour nr.26. S-a aflat însă că pachetele de alimente trimise de Dimitrie Ghika, prin intermediul Crucii Roşii, nu-i parveneau . Abatele Masloff enumeră din nou meritele Monseniorului Ghika, intuind zădărnicia primei sale încercări. Arată curajul cu care a înfruntat pericolul ce-i ameninţase libertatea şi viaţa, abnegaţia cu care a nesocotit riscul contaminării îngrijindu-i pe numeroşii leproşi din România. Credea că în comparaţie cu alte cazuri mult mai dificile (Stepinac în Yugoslavia, Vâşinski în Polonia) din lumea comunistă, pentru Monseniorul Ghika se puteau găsi căi de rezolvare. Propune să se încerce a se obţine fie ieşirea prelatului din România, pentru a se aşeza la Roma într-o casă religioasă, fie plasarea lui în domiciliu forţat în România, unde regimul de viaţă era mai suportabil, cu drepul de a primi colete, fie autorizarea lui de către autorităţile comuniste româneşti de a reveni la surorile secularizate ale ordinului St. Vincent de Paul unde, spune el, trăise înainte de arestare . Despre cardinalul Tisserant părintele din Valence spune că nu putea interveni de teamă că un demers al Vaticanului putea avea efecte contrare, ceea ce era plauzibil după expulzarea diplomaţilor papali din Romînia, în atmosfera de isterie anticatolică întreţinută de guvernele comuniste. Masloff face din nou apel la sentimentele creştineşti ale ministrului, ale cărui posibile bune oficii nu-şi făcuseră încă efectul. Continua să creadă că Legaţia Franţei la Bucureşti putea face ceva pentru nefericitul preot român . O ironie amară a sorţii făcea ca la data de 22 februarie 1954, când abatele Masloff semna scrisoarea trimisă la Ministerul de Externe de la Paris, Monseniorul Ghika să fie mort deja de câteva săptămâni; decedase la 16 ianuarie 1954 în închisoarea de la Jilava, ştirea morţii sale ajungând mult mai târziu în Franţa. “On me précise – scria la 26 iunie 1954 Ministerului de Externe de la Paris Jean Francfort – qu’en fait Monseigneur Ghika est décédé le 16 Janvier dernier à la prison de Jilava. La famille n’en a été informée par le Conseil Populaire que le 22 Juin”. La Minister cineva a notat pe telegrama “à l’arrivée” a lui Francfort că ştirea urma să fie transmisă la Sfântul Scaun, Washington, Londra, Moscova, aici, evident, nu guvernului sovietic ci ambasadei Franţei - o dovadă în plus a semnificaţiei internaţionale a martiriului prelatului român. Abatele Masloff? Cu toate eforturile sale de salvare a prinţului Vladimir Ghika zădărnicite, el va lupta în continuare pentru beatificarea, poate canonizarea acestuia, care, deşi sunt legate de martiriul său formează un subiect aparte . Rămâne să ne întrebăm de ce autorităţile franceze nu au intervenit pentru un personaj cunoscut în lume şi apreciat în Franţa? Această întrebare poate sta în relaţie cu o alta, care o precedă: de ce a fost arestat Monseniorul Ghika atunci, în 1952, şi nu mai degrabă? Să încercăm un răspuns la această a doua întrebare. Abatele Masloff afirma în scrisorile sale că prinţul Vladimir Ghika fusese arestat doar datorită naşterii sale aristocratice şi calităţii de prelat al Bisericii Romane . Este şi aceasta o parte a explicaţiei, tot atât de adevărată pe cât de adevărat este că în România el reprezenta un stâlp solid, un simbol al catolicismului detestat de comunişti. Dar răspunsul nu este complet. Monseniorul Ghika militase pentru unirea bisericilor sub conducerea Papei, ceea ce contravenea intereselor regimului comunist de la Bucureşti de a realiza această “unire” prin suprimarea Bisericii Greco-Catolice şi absorbirea credincioşilor şi a preoţimii în Biserica Ortodoxă Română, proces în calea căruia stăteau şi după 1948, carisma şi prestigiul prelatului de naştere princiară . Aşa ceva guvernul comunist nu putea admite şi din toate aceste motive monseniorul Ghika a fost aruncat în închisoare, unde şi-a găsit moartea. Dar de ce numai în 1952? Poate pentru că năpasta s-a abătut mai întâi asupra greco-catolicilor, ţinta de căpătâi, şi el era romano-catolic, poate pentru că nu a fost socotit de la început periculos, poate şi datorită hazardului, a caracterului haotic al loviturilor administrate de organele represive ale noii puteri adversarilor prezumtivi, poate din toate aceste motive. Cât despre neangajarea autorităţilor franceze suntem limitaţi la presupuneri. Este posibil, pe de o parte, ca acestea să fi socotit orice demers de prisos, dat fiind că oricum nu puteau forţa nota la Bucureşti. Diplomaţii francezi de aici ştiau probabil că forţa morală şi statura spirituală a monseniorului Ghika îl făceau periculos în ochii regimului. Relaţiile sale foarte apropiate cu Legaţia Franţei au putut contribui, de asemenea, la întemniţarea lui. El pare a fi fost sursa cea mai autorizată şi asiduă de informare a diplomaţilor francezi şi prin aceasta a Vaticanului despre situaţia catolicilor din România. Mai există încă o raţiune, sugerată mai tîrziu, indirect, de un document din 19 decembrie 1955: nu voiau să compromită atât cât mai rămăsese din prezenţa religioasă franceză în România, evitând „une aggravation de la situation des catholiques dans ce pays et du desservant de notre paroisse ”. Este tocmai ceea ce încercaseră membrii Legaţiei Franţei de la prima semnalare a arestării Monseniorului Vladimir Ghika: nici o publicitate, discreţie, protejarea părintelui François, aşa cum arătam la început. „Credinţa noastră este viaţa noastră”, spunea episcopul Iuliu Hossu; „credinţa noastră este nădejdea noastră”, ar fi putut spune Monseniorul Vladimir Ghika, singura nădejde.

Sources

[edit]

Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Archives Diplomatiques, Roumanie, Dossier 88, feuilles 66, 70, 71, 190 (în continuare M.A.E., Roumanie, dossier…, feuilles…); Cristian Vasile, Intre Vatican şi Kremlin. Biserica Greco-Catolică în timpul regimului communist, Ed. Curtea Veche, Bucureşti, 2003, p.103-104.

M.A.E., Roumanie, d.88, f.87.
Ibidem, f.88.
Ibidem, f.86; vezi şi Ioan Plescaru, Lanţuri şi teroare, Ed. Signata, Timişoara, 1994, p. 30-31.
Ibidem, f.70, 71, 75, 86, 190.
M.A.E., Roumanie, f.182.
M.A.E., Roumanie, d.88, f.71.
Ibidem, f.66, 67, 70, 78, 88, 89.
Ibidem, f.66.
Cristian Vasile, op.cit., passim.
Ibidem, p.215; M.A.E., Roumanie, d.88, f.66.
M.A.E., Roumanie, d.88, f.68.
Ibidem, f.70, 71, 86.
Ibidem, f.70.
Ibidem, f.70, 71.
Ibidem, f.69.
Ibidem, f.75, 76.
Ibidem.
Ibidem, f.77.
Ibidem, f.78.
Ibidem, f.86.
Ibidem, Ibidem, f.87.
Ibidem, f.87.
Ibidem, f.89.
Ibidem, f.182, 191.
Ibidem, f.70, 86.
Cristian Vasile, op.cit., p.83-102.
M.A.E., Roumanie, d.88, f.183.

Acampeanu 10:56, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]
Declined. This is the English-language Wikipedia; we can only accept articles written in the English language. Please provide an English-language translation for your article, or visit the Wikipedia home page to find the version of Wikipedia for your desired language. Ravanacker | Talk 18:57, 5 July 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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Ali Akbar Sadeghi

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Ali Akbar Sadeghi was born ...

Sources

[edit]

http://www.dideh.com/art07/bioe.html

216.232.208.123 11:58, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]

Quentin le lapin 83.204.140.131 11:59, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]

Declined. We cannot accept copyrighted content taken from web sites or printed sources. Note that copyright protection is granted to all works automatically, whether it is asserted or not. Unless stated otherwise, assume that most content on the internet is copyrighted and not suitable for Wikipedia. Please write in your own words, and in continuous prose. of the source. GB 08:58, 8 August 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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Capital Requirements Directive

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The Capital Requirements Directive or CRD for the financial service industry will introduce a supervisory framework in the EU which reflects the Basel II rules on capital measurement and capital standards.

Member States have to transpose, and firms of the financial service industry have to apply, the CRD from January 1st, 2007. Institutions can choose between the current Basic indicator approach, that increases the minimum capital requirement in Basel I approach from 8% to 15% and the Standardized Approach that evaluates the business lines as a medium sophistication approaches of the new framework. The most sophisticated approaches, Advanced IRB approach and AMA or Advanced Measurement Approach for operational risk will be available on the beginning of 2008. From this date, all EU firms will apply "Basel II".

Sources

[edit]

http://www.c-ebs.org/crdtg.htm

83.77.185.94 14:29, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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TheOptom

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TheOptom.com is a popular optometry discussion forum for the UK. Since its public launch it has become one of the fastest growing and most popular websites amongst optometry professionals. It is completely free to join and participate and is non-commercial.

It was set up by a newly qualified optometrist in late 2005, with the primary aim to help fellow professionals network with each other for the betterment of optometry.

Topics of discussion include: Case histories, Clinical hints & tips, Continuing Education & Training (CET), Law, latest news/events, pre-registration period, student section, dispensing opticians, Ophthalmic Equipment, books, frames/lenses and much more.

Sources

[edit]

http://www.theoptom.com

http://www.opticianonline.net/Articles/2006/03/03/15375/Practitioners+cry+foul+over+online+supply.html

http://www.opticianonline.net/Articles/2006/03/24/15491/Superdrug+contact+lenses+sales+probed.html

http://www.alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details?url=theoptom.com

80.189.244.10 15:10, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]
Declined. This suggestion doesn't sufficiently explain the importance or significance of the subject. See the speedy deletion criteria A7 and/or guidelines on web sites. Please provide more information on why the web site is worthy of inclusion in an encyclopedia. Thank you.

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TOPS Soccer

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TOPS Soccer is a program for children struggling with disabilities to come and enjoy the game of soccer. In TOPS, there are buddys and players. A Buddy is someone who may or may not have any soccer experience, but wants to do their part to help. Players are children who may face obstacles in life, but want to learn how to play the game. Individual TOPS teams may be organized by a local soccer club. TOPS stand for The Outreach Program for Soccer. In a game, kids might experience skills work, organized dribbling activities, or small games. Get involved in TOPS Soccer TODAY!

Sources

[edit]

http://www.mayouthsoccer.org/pages/95_top_soccer.cfm 141.152.249.24 17:50, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]
Declined. We're sorry, but your article appears to read more like an advertisement than an entry in an encyclopedia. If you still feel that this subject is appropriate for Wikipedia, please rewrite your proposed article in the form of an encyclopedia entry, not an advertisement. Encyclopedia entries should be written from a neutral point of view, and should refer to a range of published, verifiable sources, not just to materials produced by the creator of the item being discussed. Ravanacker | Talk 19:00, 5 July 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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Glden Eunymus

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Golden Eunymus The Golden Eunymus is a is evergreen which means it doesn't lose it's leaves in the fall. It has brilliant colors of green and pale yellow. It's adult height is 13 feet.

Sources

[edit]

www.plants.com

65.6.233.202 17:52, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]

should have been Golden Euonymus GB 09:12, 8 August 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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Golden Eunymus

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Golden Eunymus The Golden Eunymus is a is evergreen which means it doesn't lose it's leaves in the fall. It has brilliant colors of green and pale yellow. It's adult height is 13 feet.

Sources

[edit]

www.plants.com

65.6.233.202 17:53, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]

please add your sentence to Euonymus as this is not notable in itself GB 09:14, 8 August 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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Western Inlet Cutting & Coring

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Western Inlet Cutting & Coring (www.WesternInlet.ca) is a specialized company located in Vancouver British Columbia. They serve the construction industry by providing concrete cutting and coring services.

Sources

[edit]

http://ca.contractors.com/profile/5323620

64.59.144.85 18:06, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]

Interscope South Records is a record label established in mid-2006. It focuses on southern rap music. The first artists signed to the label are Rich Boy, Polow da Lon, and his Zone 4 Inc. Records

Sources

[edit]

66.207.241.209 18:30, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]
Declined. We're sorry, but your article appears to read more like an advertisement than an entry in an encyclopedia. If you still feel that this subject is appropriate for Wikipedia, please rewrite your proposed article in the form of an encyclopedia entry, not an advertisement. Encyclopedia entries should be written from a neutral point of view, and should refer to a range of published, verifiable sources, not just to materials produced by the creator of the item being discussed. Ravanacker | Talk 07:52, 6 July 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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Miniature valve

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The miniature thermionic valve (vacuum/electron tube) is a development of the older style of valve in which the pins for connecting the valve to circuitry were mounted in a bakelite base, into which the valve envelope ("bulb") was glued. It was invented in 1938. Miniature valves are rather more space-efficient. They do not have a seperate base, rather the pins are mounted directly in the glass base of the envelope. This forces the sealing tip, which was previously at the bottom of the envelope unseen inside the bakelite base, to be moved to the top of the envelope, creating the classic tear drop-like shape, seen in valves such as the ECC82, EF86 and 6CA4. However, making valves smaller and more compact reduced the Voltage that they could work at, and also the power of the filament, so the older style continued to be used for high power rectifiers and audio/radio amplifier output stages. Developent continued, and led to the subminiature valve, the "acorn" valve (named due to its shape), and valves in D.I.L. packages.

Sources

[edit]

1. http://www.tubestore.com/ef86types.html 2. http://www.r-type.org/static/story.htm particuarly the section entitled "Glass Base Construction".

80.6.32.51 19:52, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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viking weapons

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There are many types of viking weapons.Vikings mainly use homemade weapons that are comfortable.

Sources

[edit]

http://www.cdli.ca/CITE/v_warriors.htm

69.176.166.206 20:08, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]
Declined. Your article appears to be a joke. It might be a wonderful entry in Uncyclopedia, a wiki where jokes and parodies are highly encouraged. But sadly, Wikipedia requires a stodgier, more factual tone in its articles, and your comedic efforts cannot be rewarded here. Ravanacker | Talk 19:01, 5 July 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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Erik Sowell

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Declined. We cannot accept blank suggestions. Please consider submitting to Wikipedia:Requested articles instead. Ravanacker | Talk 19:01, 5 July 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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Hypertranscendental Number

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A complex number is said to be hypertranscendental number if it can not a value at an algebraic point of a function which is the solution of an algebraic differential equation with coefficients in $Z[r]$ and with algebraic initial conditions.

The term was introduced by Mordukhai-Boltovski in "Hypertranscendental numbers and hypertranscendental functions" (1949).

The term is related to transcendental numbers, which are numbers which are not the solution to an algebraic equation with integer coefficients. The number $e$ is transcendental but not hypertranscendental, as it can be generated from the solution to the differential equation $y'=y$ .

Sources

[edit]

Mordukhai-Boltovski, "Hypertranscendental numbers and hypertranscendental functions", Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 64 (1949)

Hiroshi Umemura, "On a class of numbers generated by differential equations related with algebraic groups", Nagoya Math. Journal. Volume 133 (1994), 1-55. (Downloadable from ProjectEuclid)

This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it.

80.61.178.170 20:53, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]
Article created. Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! Kleptog 09:29, 2 May 2007 (UTC)[reply]

Yugo the Negotiator

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US Title:
Yugo the Negotiator

Story

[edit]

Yugo has a weird gift he can disarm the fiercest & dangerous terrorists. He doesn't have a the skill's
for guns or close combat. He is simply the best negotiator there is. With the keen intellect on hand,
his skill's with words and an unwavering faith in humanity, Yugo enters deadly situations to diffuse them.
Yugo travels on a mission of life & or death with his wits to protect him. - 1.

User Commits: Story Is About A Negotiator In A Foreign Land Againts Many People With Aggession.
Much Like The Big O' Series On Cartoon Network Except The Gaint Robot's

=== Manga Info ===
Based on the Manga "YUGO" by Shinjo Makari & Shu Akana Originally Serialized
in the AFTERNOON published by Kodansha Ltd.

=== Anime Info ===
Total Of 13 Episodes
Anime Release In USA With English & Japaness Audio
Main Character - YUGO, Voice by : Jason Douglas

Sources

[edit]

Offical Web Page
http://www.advfilms.com/titles/yugo/
DVD Info
http://www.blockbuster.com/catalog/movieDetails/274518

Looks like it must be a copy vio, but I can't find where its from. The topic is however notable. GB 09:32, 8 August 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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Skater Style

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The Skater style originally formed in the 21st century. It is mostly worn both inner and outer by teens. Two types of people wear and act this style: Actual skaters and everyday teens who enjoy this style.

The style of Skater consists of clothes from stores such as Pacific Sun, Journeys, and several Surf Shops. Clothes consisted in this style have several catergories.

Surfer: Guys: Surfers are often seen wearing swim-trunks or board shorts with mostly T-shirts advertising Billabong or other stuff.

Sources

[edit]

71.70.64.65 21:11, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]
Declined. We cannot accept unsourced suggestions or sources that are not reliable per the verifiability policy. Please provide reputable, third-party sources with your suggestions. Third party sources are needed both to establish the verifiability of the submission as well as its notability. Ravanacker | Talk 19:02, 5 July 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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List of Historical Individuals Born or Raised in Poverty

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Confucius

Nicole Oresme

Benjamin Franklin

James Madison

Horace Mann

Abraham Lincoln

Frederick Douglass

Harriet Tubman

David Livingstone

Louis Pasteur

John Muir

Randal Cremer

Albert Einstein

Dwight Eisenhower

Jimmy Carter

Bill Clinton

Sources

[edit]

Nadeau, Kathleen (2005). "Confucianism: Sacred or Secular?” East Asian Pastoral Review Vol. 42. No. 4.

Courtenay, William J (2000). "The Early Career of Nicole Oresme." Isis, Vol. 91, No.3.

Isaacson, Walter (2003). Benjamin Franklin: an American Life. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN: 0684807610.

Ketchsm, Ralph Louis (1971). James Madison; a biography. New York: Macmillan. OCLC: 126987.

Messerelli, Johnathon (1972). Horace Mann: a biography. New York: Knopf. ISBN: 0394429206.

Oates, Stephen B. (1994). With malice toward none: a life of Abraham Lincoln. New York: Harper Perennial. ISBN: 0060924713.

Douglass, F. (1968). My bondage and my freedom. The American Negro, his history and literature. New York: Arno Press. OCLC: 183825.

Petry, Ann Lane (1955). Harriet Tubman, conductor on the Underground Railroad. New York, Crowell. OCLC: 232342.

Mackenzie, Rob (1993). David Livingstone : the truth behind the legend. Eastbourne : Kingsway Publications. ISBN: 0854763872.

Debre, P. (2000). Louis Pasteur. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN: 0801858089.

Wolfe, Linnie Marsh (1945). Son of the wilderness; the Life of John Muir. New York: A.A. Knopf. OCLC: 550095

Evans, Howard. (1910). "Sir Randal Cremer: His Life and Work." Boston.

Folsing, Albrecht (1998). Albert Einstein: A Biography. Penguin Books Ltd. ISBN: 0140237194.

Davis, Kenneth S. (1945). Soldier of democracy, a biography of Dwight Eisenhower. Garden City, New York, Doubleday, Doran & company, inc. OCLC: 908398.

Bourne, Peter G. (1997). Jimmy Carter : a comprehensive biography from Plains to post-presidency. New York: Scribner. ISBN: 0684195437.

Maraniss, David (1995). First in his class : a biography of Bill Clinton. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN: 0671871099.

75.2.134.48 21:47, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]

Declined. The proposed article is not suitable for Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a repository of links Theone00 10:46, 25 July 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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Gaylord Texan Resort & Convention Center

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Gaylord Texan Resort & Convention Center is a hotel and convention center, opened in Grapevine, Texas, in 2004. The attached convention center has 400,000 sq. feet of total meeting space. It also has a total of 1,500 guest rooms.

Gaylord Texan is owned and operated by Gaylord Hotels, a division of Gaylord Entertainment Company, and is a sister hotel to the Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center and Gaylord Palms Resort & Convention Center.

Gaylord Texan was originally to be named Opryland Hotel Texas. However, when Gaylord Entertainment decided to rebrand their Opryland Hotels division to Gaylord Hotels on October 26, 2001, the name Gaylord Texan was given to the Texas hotel.

To local residents, Gaylord Texan is best known for its Christmas programming with large-scale events like Lone Star Christmas and ICE!, an attraction hand-carved from two million pounds of ice.

Hotel Areas

[edit]

Gaylord Texan is built around a 4.5-acre glass-covered atrium, divided into four areas, each with their own activities and guest rooms.

Lone Star Atrium the main portion of the hotel.
River Walk Atrium
Hill Country Atrium
Lone Star Tower is dubbed a "hotel with a hotel," as it has 15,344 ft² of dedicated meeting space and the most luxurious accommodations in the resort, with 26 luxury suites. Several shops and boutiques can be found on the ground floor of this locale.

Convention Center

[edit]

The Gaylord Texan Convention Center has 400,000 sq. feet of dedicated meeting space. More than half of that space is the Exhibition Hall, which has 210,300 ft² including prefunction space. It also features a permanent 101- by 40-ft. performing stage with green rooms and dressing rooms connected to its Lone Star Ballroom.

Behind The Scenes

[edit]

With over 1800 employees in this one resort, little do most realize that just below the property lays a secret "tunnel" much, where employees referred to as "STARS" travel about without much notice or disruption to guests or events in the hotel. Internal offices in accounting, reservations, security, etc, are all located in the tunnel area, which is actually on ground level.

External links

[edit]

Gaylord Texan Official Website

Category:Convention centers in Texas Category:Gaylord Hotels Category:Hotels in Texas Category:Grapevine, Texas

Sources

[edit]

[3] Official Website

72.188.29.21 22:04, 28 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]

Declined. Your article does not appear to be written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. Entries should be written from a neutral point of view, and should refer to a range of published material. If you still feel that this subject is appropriate for Wikipedia, please rewrite your proposed article in the form of an encyclopedia entry, and make sure to avoid certain terms meant to show off the subject. Also, this needs further, external, 3rd Party, sources Theone00 10:48, 25 July 2007 (UTC)[reply]

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List of Historical Individuals Born or Raised in Poverty

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Confucius (551-479 B.C.E.) - Chinese philosopher

Epictetus (55-135) - Roman Stoic philosopher

Nicole Oresme (1323-1382) - French clergyman, scholar, political advisor

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) - American printer, scientist, civic reformer, statesman and Founding Father

James Madison (1751-1836) - 4th US President

Horace Mann (1796-1859) - American educational reformer

Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) - 16th US President

David Livingstone (1813-1873) - Scottish physician, missionary and explorer of Africa

Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) - American abolitionist

Harriet Tubman (1822-1913) - American abolitionist, conductor of the Underground Railroad

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) - French chemist and microbiologist

Randal Cremer (1828-1908) - British trade unionist, parliamentarian and peace advocate

John Muir (1838-1914) - Scottish-American naturalist and conservationist

Albert Einstein (1879-1955) - German-American physicist

Dwight Eisenhower (1890-1969) - 34th US president

Norman Borlaug (1914-) - American agricultural scientist and humanitarian

Jimmy Carter (1924-) - 39th US predident

Bill Clinton (1946-) - 42nd US president

Sources

[edit]

Nadeau, Kathleen (2005). "Confucianism: Sacred or Secular?” East Asian Pastoral Review Vol. 42. No. 4.

Long, A.A. (2002). Epictetus : a Stoic and Socratic guide to life. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 0199245568.