Wikipedia:Articles for creation/2006-07-26
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Lethrblaka
[edit]The Order of Daedalians
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WAOC-AM
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Manky
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Matt Sussman
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good girl
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Sam Bishop NSW
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The Teseracte Players of Boston
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Kev & Co Enterprises
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Malfiance
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gregory gleaton
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mysteries
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My Scary Girl
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ammar
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Sensory overload
[edit]Dietes grandiflora
[edit]Lewis Barnavelt
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Juan Carlos Bernabe
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Someday It Will Please Us To Remember Even This (Album)
[edit]India for travellers
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Jake T. Forbes
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Lady Sovereign
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T. A. Leonard Barn
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T.A. Leonard built this barn near Pullman, Washington in 1917 to replace his previous barn that had burned down. In 1986, although it had fallen into disrepair, the barn was listed on the Washington State Registry for Historic Preservation. In 2000-2001 the barn was restored by Bill Leonard, the grandson of T.A. Leonard, at a cost of over $90,000. The barn's 12 sides have 30 windows and a large dormer. The 60-foot diameter structure has 3 levels inside. The main floor was used to house dairy cows and work horses and the upper levels held feed and tools. The story in the Spokesman Review tells of the kids using the barn as a playground. This photo captures the beauty of one of the few remaining round barns in Washington State. There is even a partial rainbow on the left side.
Sources[edit]Round Barns & Covered Bridges
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Dilworth School
[edit]Upper Longdon
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NeoGen: Kerk vir 'n Nuwe Generasie
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History
[edit]The first steps toward the development of an innovative concept for the Dutch Reformed youth service started in December 2004 under leadership of youth dominee (Afrikaans for pastor) Alwyn Carstens and dominees GP Kellerman and Michiel Strauss. Bettie Strauss, daughter of Michiel Strauss and praise and worship leader from 2003 – 2005, approached Sybrand Strauss and Steyn Strauss (respectively brother and cousin of Bettie Strauss) to start a praise and worship band with the promise of playing in any style they would prefer. They were joined by Emile Kotzé (lead guitarist) and Wessel le Roux (drummer) and covered traditional Dutch Reformed hymns with a strong punk rock influence.
During 2005, Sybrand, Bettie and Steyn began talks of a purely youth-focused church, conducted in a manner different to any Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa and greatly influenced by Hillsong Church in Australia. They approached the NG Kerk Welgelegen’s Youth Commission and in the end of November 2005, the concept of NeoGen: Kerk vir ‘n Nuwe Generasie was approved by both the Youth Commission and the Church Council. Bettie resigned as praise and worship leader at the end of 2005 to do her practical year for her studies in speech therapy. Sybrand Strauss took over as praise and worship leader and Steyn Strauss as creative director of NeoGen.
Current Operations
[edit]NeoGen: Kerk vir 'n Nuwe Generasie was officially launched on 22 January 2006 at the NG Kerk Welgelegen. It is currently expanding by regularly acquiring new youth leaders and catering to the different age groups within the youth by means of Kategese (Afrikaans for the term ‘Sunday School’), Klub NeoGen, NeoGen Plus and NeoGen Old School.
SkaatsCast: The First NG Kerk Podcast
[edit]SkaatsCast (a.k.a. Die Avonture van Skaats de Wet) is the first podcast in the Dutch Reformed Church[1] and is run by five of the youth leaders of NeoGen. The first episode of SkaatsCast was published on 16 July 2006.
Legends
[edit]There are rumours that NeoGen was started in Cape Town, South Africa in the late 1970s by a Dutch Reformed Church rebel and youth pioneer, Skaats de Wet. According to legend, de Wet rebelled against the Dutch Reformed Church's involvement in Apartheid and started the Christian youth movement, NeoGenerasie (Afrikaans for Neo Generation) which later evolved into NeoGen. There is, however, no evidence to prove this and many regard this as a fabricated tale.
References
[edit][2] NeoGen: Kerk vir 'n Nuwe Generasie Blog
[3] NeoGen: Kerk vir 'n Nuwe Generasie MySpace Profile
[4] SkaatsCast MySpace
[5] NeoGen on community Christian radio station Radio Tygerberg
[6] NeoGen on the DRC and internet in the future of the Church
[7] Video interview for 'Die Burger' with Steyn Strauss, creative director of NeoGen
Also See
[edit]Mrpookie 09:07, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
- Declined. Please provide reliable sources. Blogs and myspace entries are typically not acceptable as sources. Also note that Wikipedia:Articles for creation process is intended for anonymous users. Since you are a logged-in registered user, you don't need to use this process; you can create articles yourself. But please find reliable sources, and provide links to third-party coverage to establish its notability before you do so. Thanks. --Zoz (t) 18:29, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
Major Kuldip Singh Chandpuri, MVC
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Major K.S. Chandpuri was commanding a company of a battalion of Punjab Regiment occupying a defended locality in Laungnewala in the Rajasthan Sector. On 5th December 1971, in the early hours of the morning, the enemy launched a massive attack on this locality with infantry and tanks. Major Chandpuri exhibited dynamic leadership in holding his command intact and steadfast. Showing exceptional courage and determination, he inspired his men moving from bunker to bunker encouraging them in beating back the enemy till reinforcements arrived. In this heroic defence, he inflicted heavy casualties on the enemy and forced them to retreat leaving behind twelve tanks. In this action, Major Chandpuri displayed conspicuous gallantry and leadership.
Sources[edit]203.122.26.242 09:09, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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Markus Toivonen
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Markus Toivonen is the lead/rythym guitar player and founding member of the Viking/Folk metal band Ensiferum. He also does the clean/backing vocals.
Sources[edit]http://www.ensiferum.com/e_html/e_band_mahi.htm
172.190.120.133 09:10, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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Sheikh Dr. Sultan bin Muhammad Al Qasimi
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Sources[edit]http://www.granadamosque.com/resources/articles/sheikhsultanpatron.html
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FibreChannel
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LUN Masking
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Plastic Venus
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Plastic Venus were the musical expression of a large section of angry and defiant Israeli youths in the early 90's. Combining noise rock guitars, relentless drumming and the inimitable performance style of singer Ronit Bergman (often leading to gigs meeting an early ending), the band appeared in numerous small venues in Tel Aviv to an increasing following. The first Plastic Venus album (originally released in 1993 through 3rd Ear and later remastered and reissued by Fact records) is a testament to that period and a glaring example of a true noise-rock classic. The original line-up of the band included, besides Bergman, Guitarist Yoram Gur, Bassist Hagar Magen and drummer Ilan "Diamond" Leibowitz. After the completion of the recordings for their debut album, the band (sans Diamond, who sadly passed away in 2005) moved to London and went on touring Europe and eventually recording Helven Park (for producer Colin Newman's Swim records) in 1995.
Sources[edit]http://www.factrecords.co.il/shopdisplayproducts.asp?id=1&subcat=29&cat=Plastic%20Venus http://www.posteverything.com/artists/artist.php?id=78 http://www.wireviews.com/reviews/helven_park.html 212.238.205.173 10:15, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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Alan Palmieri
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On May 2, 2006 Alan Palmieri was elected Mayor of Jefferson County Tennessee and will take office after being sworn in on September 1, 2006. He is a former five term mayor and council member of Jefferson City, Tennessee. Alan has an extremely diverse background in business, management, and government in domestic and international fields. Prior to being elected mayor he was the Vice President of Purchasing and Director of Special Projects for GLGT http://www.glglifetech.com He is particularly familiar with the development and implementation of international marketing strategies, sales, and public relations for firms providing service and products in the environmental and electronic industry where he worked as a director of Marketing and Sales for International Waste Management Systems, Inc. and he served as the Coordinator for Consumer Affairs of Magnavox / North American Philips Corporation. Alan is also currently an honor director of International American Products, Inc. In addition he was a management and government relations specialist providing service and program development to business industry, government organizations, and associations in domestic and international fields. Alan has presented professional development credit courses in management and government relations for the University of Tennessee. He is also the Coordinator for the Smoky Mountain Partnership, a joint venture between Cocke County and Jefferson County School Systems in the state of Tennessee. The partnership is a joint venture school to career program that received funding through the U.S. Department of Labor and the Tennessee Department of Education. In addition Alan is owner and President of Palmieri Bodybuilding http://www.palmieribodybuilding.com An internet source for information on natural drug free bodybuilding which provides information and products related to bodybuilding and health care markets. He is the author of numerous books and courses on bodybuilding and articles he has authored have been published in some of the leading bodybuilding periodicals and magazines. He is also the author of the CD-ROM “Vince Gironda Legend And Myth” which is the most complete single source for information on bodybuilding legend Vince Gironda and his methods. He has personally trained winners of major, local and state bodybuilding events, high school and college athletes and teams, professional athletes and entertainers. He has served as a judge for numerous bodybuilding events as well as promoting and holding several bodybuilding contests. He is the past State of Tennessee President of the IFBB and was awarded the prestigious IFBB Certificate of Merit. In October 2005 Alan was inducted into the famous Steve Speyrer Classic Hall of Fame. In the 1980’s Alan owned and operated a 30,000 square foot gym, one of the largest and best equipped in the southeast. For about two years, he operated his own Karate / Self Defense studio. Alan wrestled professionally for a while and worked as a bouncer and bodyguard. Over the years, he has trained countless individuals and has conducted seminars and lectures on bodybuilding and fitness. He has appeared in various magazines and newsletters on bodybuilding and has appeared on TV as well as being broadcast on radio.
Sources[edit]REPS! Magazine Fall 2006 Issue #03 www.PalmieriBodybuilding.com International Federation of Bodybuilders News Letter www.glglifetech.com
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Pat Hunter
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Her Majesty, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha
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Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha was born on 7th October, 1946, to Pengiran Pemancha Pengiran Anak Haji Muhammad Alam (a great-great grandson of Sultan Hashim, the 25th Sultan of Brunei) and Pengiran Babu Raja Pengiran Anak Hajjah Besar. She is married to Pengiran Muda Mahkota Hassanal Bolkiah on 29th July 1965 and became the Raja Isteri (Queen) after Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin III, abdicated infavour of his son, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, in 1967. They have two sons and four princesses, namely Crown Prince Al-Muthadee Billah, Prince Abdul Malik, Princess Rashidah Saadatul Bolkiah, Princess Muta-Wakkilah Hayatul Bolkiah, Pricess Majeedah Nuurul Bulqiah and Princess Hafizah Sururul Bulqiah. One of Queen Saleha’s sisters, Pengiran Anak Isteri Pengiran Anak Hajah Zariah is married to her husband’s brother, Prince Mohamed Bolkiah, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei Darussalam.
Sources[edit]Pelita Brunei, the official website of the Brunei Government's website. http://www.4dw.net/royalark/Brunei/
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AFA OS
[edit]Rajeev Jain
[edit]ass flame
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Seferm.com (Breaking News, Job Search...)
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Imago Records
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Imago Records, an American label, formed in 1990 by Terry Ellis, was a joint venture with BMG. In its four years of operation it signed six artists who sold over 100,000 units of their debut albums in the US alone: Baby Animals, Captain Hollywood, The Rollins Band, Aimee Mann, Paula Cole, and Love Split Love. Of those, Baby Animals’ first record sold 500,000 worldwide (4 times platinum in Australia) and the Rollins Band sold 250,000 units in the US on their first and 500,000 on their second albums. The label was to issue Kylie Minogue's eponymously titled 1994 album in the USA but, as the joint venture with BMG (Minogue's international label) was dissolved in 1994 the album never appeared. Terry Ellis retained ownership of the Imago catalogue and artist contracts.
Sources[edit]http://www.aficionadocellars.com/aboutus.asp
172.207.130.84 12:35, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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Telelogic DOORS
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DOORS is a requirements management tool, developed by Telelogic AB. This software uses DXL as a underlaying language for interacting and for configurating the program. This article is a stub. Sources[edit]http://www.telelogic.com/corp/products/doors/ 81.196.150.164 13:05, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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KAZR-CA
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KAZR-CA is a U.S. television station, which broadcasts over-the-air on UHF channel 46 in the Reno, Nevada region. It is owned by Pappas Telecasting, and is affiliated with the Azteca America television network.
Sources[edit]Pappas Telecasting website... www.pappastv.com Azteca America website... www.aztecaamerica.com Federal Communication Commission website... www.fcc.gov
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The Amory Wars
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The new title of the series was announced about one week prior to the 2006 Comic-Con in California. Claudio and all three artists that have been involved with the project attended the convention to man the Evil Ink booth (the comic company created to release Claudio's story), selling the remaining copies of the discontinued comics and graphic novel, as well as an all-new Amory Wars Sketchbook created to announce and give insight into the new direction of the series. The sketchbook included a preview of Gus Vazquez's illustration work for the main characters, a rough script for the contents of the first actual entry in the comic series (due out February 2007), updated character profiles, and a biography of creator Claudio Sanchez. Though a limited run of the sketchbook was available at the convention ($10 per book), it may or may not see a reprint in the future. (Details on the story to be posted by someone who bought the book) Sources[edit]
68.236.182.174 13:50, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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Vincent van den Berg
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Marcus Cornelius Beddis
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MURULE TRIBE OF MANDERA EAST, KENYA
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Murule come from the larger Gugundhabe sub-clan of the Hawiyes of Somalia.Gugundhabe is composed of ( Murulle, Baddicadde, Jajeele) and live in the larger Hiiraan region of Somalia. [12] written in Somali. Some people normally confuse the grouping of Gugundhabe of the larger Hawiye group as composing Baadicadde + Jeejeele + Dagoodie + Jidle + Galjecel but this is a wrong notion.Degodia and Galjecel are in a different grouping altogether.Other sons of Gugundhabe are Jidle, Jidible,Jiryar, Jilideen. Murule's history in Kenya dates back close to 120 years after they shifted with their enormous livestock from Somalia and settled in the tip of Kenya, Mandera Region in or around 1895. Among notable Murule people in Kenya are the Assistant minister of Local Government for urban authorities, Hon.Shaaban Ali Issack, Mandera East MP. [13] The following were named in the Interim Somali Government representing Hiiraan, the home of Gugundhabe people. 1. Abdikariim Ahmed ali (Baadicadde) 2. Ahmed omar Gaagaale (Baadicadde) 3. Nuur Wabar Cabdi (Baadicadde) 4. Abdifataah Ahmed Muumin (Jidle) 5. Mahmed Sheikh Isaaq (Jeejeele) visit [14] Foreign Teens Seek Homes in America
1-800-SIBLING
Make friends with the world...One friendship at a time
American Intercultural Student Exchange is a non profit, tax-exempt educational foundation founded in 1981. Over the span of these 25 years we have shared in making dreams come true for thousands of foreign teens who want to live in an American host family and attend an American High School. We could share with you many success stories of teens who have gone on to great success after their year in America who credit their exchange year with having made an enormous impact on their lives and attributed greatly to their success.
The exchange year can also be a wonderful learning experience for you, your family, and your community. You can learn another culture without ever leaving home. You will have an International bond with this student and family that will last a lifetime. If you have children at home, they will learn a great deal about the customs and culture of another country. Now is a time that all the young people of the world need to learn to be friends. The youth of today will be the leaders of tomorrow's world.
AISE still has a number of students from various countries waiting for placement with American host famiies. Families need not have teens at home. They can be "empty-nesters" or single host parents. Students are 15-18, provide their own spending money, and are fully insured. As a host family, you provide room and board and a loving family atmosphere.
VISIT US ON-LINE: www.aise.com
OR CALL TODAY: 1 800-SIBLING
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American Intercultural Student Exchange, Foreign Exchange High School Students
[edit]Charles Gibbs
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Charles Gibbs was an American pirate who began his career as a privateer in the US Navy during the War of 1812. In subsequent years he became a privateer for America, eventually becoming captain of his own ship. Gibbs is, oddly, remembered for both his cruelty as well as an odd streak of kindness. Although he confessed to slaughtering whole crews when sacking ships- a number that reportedly totaled over fourhundred men- he occasionally took prisoners. One such prisoner was a teenaged Dutch girl who had been aboard one of the vessles Gibbs and his crew had raided. Rather than kill her, Gibbs brought her aboard his own ship (probably hoping to ransom her) and defended her from his crew. Unable to lay a hand on her, the crew eventually resorted to poisoning the girl. Gibbs was eventually captured and hanged at Ellis Island, NY in 1831. His final words were: "No mercy did we ever show, for dead men tell no tales." So it is Gibbs we have to thank for that famous saying. The character first mate <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshamee_Gibbs">Joshamee Gibbs</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean:_The_Curse_of_the_Black_Pearl">"Pirates of The Caribbean: Curse of The Black Pearl"</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean:_Dead_Man%27s_Chest">"Pirates of The Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest"</a> (played by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_McNally">Kevin McNally</a>) appears to have been based on the historical pirate Charles Gibbs. Mr. Gibb's attire and hairstyle are curiously modern compared to the rest of the cast. His muttonchop whiskers and 19th century American Naval outfit appear to have been copied from likenesses said to be of Charles Gibbs. Also, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshamee_Gibbs">Joshamee Gibbs</a> supserstitious aversion to bringing women aboard may be a reference to the difficulties the historical Charles Gibbs encountered when he brought the Dutch girl on board. Sources[edit]Dover Coloring Book: "Pirates and Buccaneers" 1984 Pirate Soul http://www.piratesoul.com/notable_detail.aspx?id=10 The Pirate King's Rolodex http://www.thepirateking.com/bios/index.htm Pirates By Name: Engravings of Charles Gibbs http://www.sevenoceans.com/Pirates/Popis/CharlesGibbs.htm Kaitlin E. Kennedy
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Dr Ghulam Mustafa
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Dr Ghulam Mustafa
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Dr Ghulam Mustafa
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Dr Ghulam Mustafa
[edit]David & the Giants
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Rockin' Robin / I'll Always Love You (1963-64?? David doesn't remember!) On Bended Knees / Someday You're Gonna Be Sorry (1967) Ten Miles High / I'm Down So Low (1968) Superlove / Rolling In My Sleep (1968) A Letter To Josephine / Supergood Feeling (1970) Love 'em & Leave 'em / Don't Say No (1970) Solo releases by David W. Huff: Mary Browne / When It Rains (1972) Glory Hallelujah / The Apple Song (1973) Sweet Marjorene / Don't Kill Me (1977) Released on BANG Records by Muscle Shoals Horns: Born To Get Down / Hustle To The Music (1976) These songs seem to be "mystery" songs that were released on 45s according to David Huff, but no one seems to have ever seen them: GROOVY KIND OF LOVE FOOL NUMBER ONE I NEED LOVE I'LL MAKE IT 'TIL TOMORROW IT'S GOTTA BE LOVE LIGHTS OUT THEN OUR LOVE WILL START OVER WITHOUT YOUR LOVE There seems to be a lot of confusion as to the D&G discography. The albums released are as follows: 1977 - SONG OF SONGS 1978 - THIS ONE'S FOR YOU 1979 - STEP IN MY SHOES 1980 - ALMOST MIDNIGHT 1981 - HEAVEN OR HELL 1982 - DAVID & THE GIANTS 1983 - RIDERS IN THE SKY 1984 - INHABITANTS OF THE ROCK 1985 - UNDER CONTROL 1987 - MAGNIFICAT 1988 - STRANGERS TO THE NIGHT 1989 - R U GONNA STAND UP 1990 - DISTANT JOURNEY 1992 - LONG TIME COMING 1993 - GIANT HITS 1995 - ANGELS UNAWARE 1996 - DREAM 2000 - REALLY 2003 - PROCLAIM 2004 - PROCLAIM (Reissused on CHRISTIAN Records) Many people are not aware that "Song of Songs" was David & the Giants' first Christian album, recorded in 1977, the same year that they were born into the kingdom of God. The first 4 albums featured a 4th member of D&G, Gerald Hagan, who played piano & later went on to produce many Christian albums. Gerald has since passed away, but his beautiful piano playing can still be heard on these classic recordings. This album contains the original version of the song, "Save Me", as later recorded on David Huff's "Really" album in 2000. David once said that the music to "Save Me" on this album was the original music that was to be used for the secular release of this song. Another former secular song by D&G, "Glory Hallelujah", is also included on this album. In 1978, David & the Giants released their second album, "This One's For You". This album contains the original studio version of the song, "Noah", as well as many other classic D&G tunes such as "He's Coming Back". In the early Christian days, D&G were without a drummer. Keith Thibodeaux, the former Little Ricky from the "I Love Lucy" show did not rejoin the band until 1979. Thus, the first 3 Christian albums by D&G feature Owen Hale, a left-handed drummer, on drums. This album, unlike all of those that would follow, is the only one that was recorded at "Studio In The Country" in the state of LA. All future albums were done at Huff studios in Laurel, and later Forest, MS. "Step In My Shoes", the 3rd Christian release by David & the Giants, has a depth & an anointing unlike any other D&G release. David once said that this was always one of his personal favorites, partly because it was the first to be recorded totally at Huff studios in Laurel. This album features Gerald Hagan on lead vocals on one song, "The End Of Time". This is the only D&G song that does not feature David on lead vocals. 1979 marked the year of Keith Thibodeaux's return to David & the Giants. The following year, in 1980, D&G released their 4th album, "ALMOST MIDNIGHT", which contains many D&G favorites such as, "The Well", "Ten Miles High", (a former secular tune) and "Holy Rain" which was recorded live, and also appears on David's latest solo project entitled, "Proclaim". "ALMOST MIDNIGHT" is the only D&G album that contains live recordings. Another live recording from the album, "Upper Room Experience", is also fan favorite. "The Lord called us to be evangelists through our ministry of music, and that is what we still are today. We love to see people give their hearts to the Lord and to be born again of water and the Spirit. This is the greatest thrill in our lives because this is what makes the Lord happy." -- David Huff, from the book entitled, "Four Giant Steps" 1988
Sources[edit]www.davidandthegiants.com, www.giantworld.com
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pemberai tinofireyi
[edit]Mali Levi
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Mali Levi (Hebrew: מלי לוי) Mali Levi was born 23 May 1980 in Tel Aviv, Israel. She is married to Israeli footballer Shimon Gershon. Mali is a supermodel in Israel also as an actress, host and now singer. Of which her husband and brother-in-law is publishing. She is most famous for hosting a popular teen show called 'Exit' along with Israeli pop star Shiri Maimon.
Sources[edit]Official Website: www.mali-levi.co.il (Hebrew) Official Forum: http://malilevi.co.il/new/newforum/ (Hebrew) Eonline: http://www.eonline.co.il/facts.asp?id=666 (Hebrew)
Aliyah 81.170.74.197 17:17, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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CTL Media NYC, NY
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Who is CTL Media NYC (New York City)--68.252.111.91 17:20, 25 July 2006 (UTC) - where do they receive their funding, who are they connected with and who are the people involved, on the board or in the executive suite? Sources[edit]CURRENT CTL PROJECTS
CTL NYC is committed to bringing quality and engaging documentary and newsworthy media to the masses through a variety of outlets, both private and public. Below are some of our current documentary projects currently in production. Please feel free to discuss any productions with others at our new Message Board. IMPORTANT MESSAGE FROM CTLNYC DUE TO the recent flood of phone calls, faxes, emails, and letters, CTL has employed additional associates to assist with responses. It is CTL's policy to ensure each correspondence is responded to personally. SPECIAL NOTICE: We have received donations in the mail to fund this documentary. CTL cannot accept monetary assistance. Additionally, CTL has received checks made payable to Msgr. Jarmoluk's Legal Fund. CTL is not associated with Msgr. Jarmoluk's Legal Fund. All checks received by CTL have been returned to senders via certified mail. UPDATE: Requests for on-camera interviews pertaining to “Forsaken”. We value your opinions and requests. CTL, working with its' script supervisors and producers, has agreed to arrange a filming of a "Town Hall Meeting," to accommodate those who have requested individual interviews. Currently, we are searching for a venue in the Geneva, Illinois area that can seat 400. When plans are finalized you will receive a taping schedule and program in the mail. Tickets will be issued for the Town Hall Meeting in the order that we have received requests for an interview. CTL's radio call in show will soon be on the air. Check back daily for more information. Again, CTL thanks you for your overwhelming interest in Forsaken.
Chemtrails: a hidden path to disaster. A special expose analyzing various sources of data regarding the validity of the governments use of Chemical Atmospheric Manipulation (CAM). We go undercover to some of the most secretive labs and government facilities to bring out what could possibly be one of the most horrifying stories of the decade. UPDATE from the field!!! Probing deeper into the Chemtrails story our CTL associates are currently collecting first hand testimonies from individuals who bellieve they have been affected by the CAM procedure. Anyone that would like to be part of this expose please contact our line producer Mike Cosgrove to schedule an interview. Interviews will be scheduled begining July 28th ending September 1st. Forsaken: a Monsignor's silent fight to save his faith.
An affluent, pioneering Midwestern Catholic parish, affected by the clergy abuse crisis, is the setting for this incredible story. Despite endless media attacks over a two year period, wrongful accusations by people including a city's mayor, an FBI agent, a State's Attorney, and other highly influential and powerful individual's attempts to silence him, a loyal Monsignor continues to shepherd his parish through these trying times. We uncover the real facts concerning a calculated conspiracy to ruin the pastor's leadership and priesthood, those who have misplaced the blame and the reasons why they wanted to point the finger at someone else. UPDATE from the field!!! June 6th 2006: Having gone to the Kane County Courthouse we have a new development in the story as we continue to uncover the truth. Rockford Diocese lawyer Rozovichs has spoken to the judge in chambers regarding the Allison Ward settlement case. ALSO we had a wonderful opportunity to speak with both Mrs. Kate Bochte and Mrs. Mary Lou O'Halloran, who were able to shed real light into what is really going on in this suspicious case. What was seemingly a one sided slant against a Parish is now becoming a large scale scandal that reaches as far up as the Bishop himself. More facts to develop later as we are able to interview more individuals connected with the case, and get to the real truth of the situation. UPDATE from the field!!! We mentioned in our June 6th update that CTL interviewed Mrs. Kate Bochte and Mrs. Mary Lou O'Halloran. That posting was nothing short of a lighting strike. The Bochte and O'Halloran mention generated a tremendous influx of phone calls, letters, faxes and emails providing our staff with hard documents, tips, personal observations, opinions, past newspaper articles, letters and unique bio information. Watch for short selected video highlights of the Bochte and O'Halloran interview. CTL's cameras where in St. Louis, Missouri this week. CTL interviewed Canice Timothy Rice, Monsignor Jarmoluk's personal attorney. Two full days of intense and terse questions and answers provide riveting insight. Mr. Rice supplemented his interview with voluminous records, demand letters and general correspondence which shed further light on this developing documentary. CTL will post a selected sample of Mr. Rice's demand letters and critical documents with video excerpts in the following days. WEEK OF JUNE 19th THE FIRST OF SEVEN SERIES MARK CAMPOBELLO CTL will be on site, in Mark Campobello's hometown, profiling the man who became a catholic priest in the Rockford Diocese. We will examine through the eyes of his classmates, relatives and associates his early childhood, his school years and religious training. Executive Producer's Note CTL has received many, many inquiries over the past week, attributable to Mary Lou O'Halloran. Mrs. O'Halloran has contacted individuals, newspaper reporters, religious officials, attorneys and staff of CTL to voice demands, complaints and insist that CTL produce this documentary according to her view. Many of these individuals have called CTL to ask questions on behalf of Mrs. O'Halloran. CTL recognizes the past historical and current modus operandi of Mrs. O'Halloran. CTL has previously interviewed those who know Mrs. O'Halloran. Additional interviews are being added to our production schedule. Focused lenses and interviews will determine Mrs. O'Halloran's influence or lack thereof, on the administration of the Rockford Diocese, priests and religious, members of St. Peter, St. Patrick, Holy Cross and John Newman Parishes, newspapers, government officials, people of Geneva, St. Charles and surrounding Illinois communities. CTL will highlight an inside look at each individual member, and the collective effects or failures of "The Group of 14". CTL will show you the past and current hype and myth, then the real. Due to overwhelming response and requests to participate in this documentary, CTL will implement a 24/7 Message Board (click here for usage rules and guidelines) and radio call-in talk show specific to FORSAKEN. Check this site for time and dates. Become a part of this documentary. Please mail, fax or email information and comments. Allow 5-7 working days for response and scheduling. Special thanks to our readers who informed our staff that Mrs. O'Halloran was passing out informational sheets on behalf of SNAP at the Chicago Cathedral, June 11, 2006. We investigated. It did not take long to find members of the Chicago Cathedral who agreed to be interviewed. Jordan Water Crisis: Al Arza's glass is half empty. Our foreign correspondents working independently of their BBC roots takes a harrowing look inside of a town that is being starved of water because of their religious beliefs. UPDATE from the field!!! Our BBC team has hit a bit of hard ground out on location, facing tremendous resistance from local governments. They will keep pressing forward despite a huge snag in shooting schedule. We wish them all the best and are letting them know that we are behind them 110%. UPDATE from the field!!! Congratz on all the hard and dangerous work out corrospondents have done this last year in producing the Jordan Water Crisis segment for our global media team. Currently they are reviewing their primary footage hopefull that they have obtained more then enough to forge an amazing story. Post production to start shortly, ready for Cannes next year. Grounded: a Union's failure to protect. 5 years after the September 11 attacks the airline industry is still struggling to keep it's financial head above water. At it's core it is the companies workforce that is doing all the paddling, but it's muscle, their local mechanist and worker union, is slowly loosing strength. Update from the field!!! June 7th 2006: after the June 1st Continental Airline ratification of a new contract that preserves pay rates, establishes job security and provides a defined benefit pension plan through the IAM National Pension Plan. Kevin Hufford IAM rep from loc 106 seeks movement that will make this groundbreaking agreement a standard for all IAM represented workers. Update from the field!!! June 22nd 2006: an exceptional job to the CTL LA crew who were able to field over 60 interviews with key players in the AIM and Alternative LAbor Unions these past months. With over 200 hours of footage our editors have their work cut out for them, but the coverage on this story will not be sacrificed. Great job everyone for wrapping a tremendous project, one which we hope will open communication between employers not only in the Airline industry but globally.
CTL NYC is constantly producing the highest quality independent, documentary programming for the free market. Our contention is to report the news accurately, and maintain that all views and opinions expressed in any CTL NYC production never reflect those of the producers or associates of the company. Without filtration, it is our pledge to seek out the untold truths and educate both those that choose to listen, and those that refuse to learn.
the Rice / O'Halloran demand letter! Check back soon to access the file! ***
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IMPORTANT NEWS GENERAL
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Habbox
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Franca Ciampi
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Sources[edit]http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca_Pilla
82.58.141.7 17:25, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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International Further Studies Institute - IFSI
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IFSI institute is consist of five divisions: - Department of English Language and International Examinations - Division of Professional Education to Business and Industry - Extension of Contemporary Studies - Extension of Distance and Supported Open Learning - EDSOL - Pinnacle Business School - PBS (Where qualifications at Mastery levels are offered)
Sources[edit]OKEV of the Hungarian Ministry of Education http://db.om.hu/felnottkepzes/web3/keres_intezmeny.asp?cy=1&intez_id=2777 www.ifsi.hu http://www.ifsi.hu/ www.pinnaclebusinessschool.hu http://www.pinnaclebusinessschool.hu/
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Songzaju
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Sources[edit]Hsu Tao-Ching. The Chinese Conception of the theatre
142.150.48.197 17:35, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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Paul Brainerd
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Orangetown Resolutions
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In 1780, "Mabie's Inn" was the place British Major John André, who conspired with American General Benedict Arnold to surrender West Point to the British was confined until found guilty and hanged. Today "Mabie's Inn" is operating daily as a restaurant known as "The Old '76 House". Sources[edit]http://www.revolutionaryday.com/usroute9w/tappan/default.htm 192.203.40.2 17:43, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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River Class Minesweeper
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Introduced in 1984 and allocated to the Royal Naval Reserve (except Blackwater). Unusually for a minesweeper, which are usually constructed from wood or fiberglass, these vessels were made of steel and used degaussing coils to counteract the danger from magnetic mines. Armed with a single Bofors 40/60mm gun on the Forecastle and designed for deep water mine sweeping in partnership with another vessel of the same class (known as team sweeping). Twelve vessels were constructed:- Waveney (M2003) 8th September 1983 Carron (M1212) 23rd September 1982 Dovey (M1213) 7th December 1983 Helford (M1214) 16th May 1984 Humber (M1215) 17th May 1984 Blackwater (M1216) 29th August 1984 Itchen (M1217) 30th June 1984 Helmsdale (M1218) 11th January 1985 Orwell (M1219) 7th February 1985 Ribble (M1220) 7th May 1985 Spey (M1221) 22nd May 1985 Arun (M1222) 20th August 1985
Sources[edit]The Royal Navy's Reserves in War and Peace 1903-2003, Stephen Howarth, Published by Leo Cooper 2003 http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/river_class1.htm
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UW-Sheboygan
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UW-Sheboygan is one of 13 freshman-sophomore liberal arts transfer campuses of the UW Colleges and offers a general education associate degree. After beginning their studies at UW-Sheboygan, students may transfer to other UW System institutions and take advantage of the Guaranteed Transfer Program, or may move on to other colleges and universities throughout the country to complete their bachelor's degrees. Besides providing the foundation for many bachelor's degrees, UW-Sheboygan also offers its students access to a number of on-site baccalaureate degree programs in nursing, communication, information resources, organizational administration and industrial management, as well as access to a number of other online degree programs throughout the UW System. An onsite master's in Education is also available. The campus continues to grow with the addition of the state-of-the-art Frank G. and Frieda K. Brotz Science Building in 2004 and the new Acuity Technology Center, set to open in fall 2007. Other buildings on campus include the Learning Resources Building, Fine Arts Building, Main Building and the Gymnasium.
Sources[edit]www.sheboygan.uwc.edu
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Teenage Blues
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If you want to make changes and try again, copy and paste your article into a new submission and make your changes there. 143.235.207.237 17:46, 25 July 2006 (UTC) Album infobox | Name = Teenage Blues | Type = Album | Artist = Los Lonely Boys | Cover = | Background = | Released = 1998 | Recorded = 1998 | Genre = Rock | Length = | Label = | Producer = | Reviews = | Last album = | This album = | Next album = | Teenage Blues was released in 1998. Track listing[edit]
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Mina Lobata, Spanish Flag
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Sources[edit]www.anniesannuals.com http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/factsheets/vines/mina_lobata.html http://seeds.thompson-morgan.com/us/en/product/6634/1 www.davesgarden.com
71.135.167.205 18:08, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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List of Experiments
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Moobs
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matto gata Moobs are similar the disease glencomedia. It gives males breasts. The moob is caused by fat rather than disease though. that is a difference. The word moob is also slang for man boob. It is the laughingstock of america.
Sources[edit]"personal knowledge" Webster Dictionary page 216 by Random house
matto gata A hero of our nation, born in Stafford, Staffordshire!!!!!!!!!!!!
Sources[edit]Just Me, written by Vian Rajabzadeh
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Joshua Feng
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Joshua Feng is a Chinese boy that is madly in love with a girl named Carol Tran. He is also the leader of Empower Fellowship.
Sources[edit]208.177.202.125 18:30, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
The Old '76 House was often used during The American Revolutionary War. Through its long use as a meeting place for patriots, The Old '76 House established itself as safe ground for Americans in the mist of the revolution and also served as the "prison" of the Revolution's most notorious spy as denoted by the historical marker in the front, Major John André. The Old '76 House, although often referred to as "André's Prison", was not a real prison nor used as a place of incarceration for anyone before or since. The Old '76 House in 1800, become a tavern and has been a place of shelter for tired travelers for more than two hundred years. This great tavern has accommodated on various occasions, every General of the west wing of the Continental Army including Commander-in-Chief General George Washington who, with his chief provisioner Samuel Fraunces, owner of Fraunces Tavern in New York City, dined in the comfortable atmosphere of The Old '76 House.
Sources[edit]http://www.revolutionaryday.com/usroute9w/tappan/default.htm
Macro-economic theory something stupid that I don't know.
Sources[edit]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro
209.183.200.166 18:47, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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Brian Trapani: The Man
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Sources[edit]68.193.123.205 18:54, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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Beta Omicron Chapter of Beta Theta Pi
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The Beta Omicron Chapter of Beta Theta Pi is located at the University of Texas at Austin
Sources[edit]
Sources[edit]86.137.166.173 19:17, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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Hannes Rohregger
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Hannes Rohregger (Born January 20th 1984) is a native of South Tyrol. Rohregger is the only living South Tyroli who has had the opportunity of representing his native country of Italy in international football. Unfortunately, the young Italian was forced to decline the offer due to family commitments. Having lived in Singapore for 5 years, Rohregger developed his professional football skills under the watchful eye of his friend, coach and goalkeeper, Asif Abbas. Many Italian football commentators regard Rohregger as a potentially potent force in international football but his desire to maintain links with his hometown has often prevented him from playing outside of North Italy. An image of Rohregger taken by a freelance photographer during his teenage years. Sources[edit]
86.137.166.173 19:24, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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Swalls
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Sources[edit]www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=swalls
155.8.89.2 19:24, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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The Breed (2006)
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The Breed is a 2006 horror movie which is about a group of 5 college students who find themselves trapped on a deserted island and being hunted by a pack of vicious dogs. Michelle Rodriguez, Taryn Manning and Oliver Hudson star.
Sources[edit]http://www.medusa.it/thebreed/
172.215.128.162 19:30, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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SpongeBong HempPants (parody)
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SpongeBob HempPants is a parody of the Nickelodeon animated series SpongeBob SquarePants. Characters[edit]
Sources[edit]{{cartoon-stub}} 24.254.231.26 19:36, 25 July 2006 (UTC) Mark Wiatrowski
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The Journey of The Volunteers 1894-1995
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The Hong Kong Regiment ...1991.
Sources[edit]http://www.regiments.org/regiments/china/volmil/inf/RHKRV.htm 24.82.179.243 19:37, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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madbaddangerous dvd
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http://cgi.ebay.co.uk/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item=270009708213&sspagename=ADME:B:AAQ:UK:1
Sources[edit]http://homepage1.nifty.com/wilkojohnson/
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Motor City Resurrection
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Please note that in 2005 Motor City Resurrection was Re-released by GOOD 54.
Bonus tracks Include:
Sources: http://69eyes.com/discography 72.78.140.225 19:45, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
Sources[edit]58.105.181.80 19:46, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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NSCA Certification Commission
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The exams are considered to be the most difficult in the industry to earn, which is one of the reasons why they are highly respected and why those who have acquired these credentials display them with a great deal of pride. The CSCS and NSCA-CPT credentials have gained the reputation among employers and industry experts as being the most respected and preferred fitness-related credentials. The exams have been validated; this process signifies that individuals are tested over the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to be competent in their respective professional career areas. One factor that distinguishes the NSCA’s certifications from other certifications is the fact that the CSCS and the NSCA-CPT are the only fitness-related credentials to be nationally accredited since 1993 and 1996, respectively, through the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA), the credentialing branch of the National Organization for Competency Assurance (NOCA). Based in Washington, D.C., the NCCA measures the ability of certifying organizations in any industry to accurately discriminate between qualified and unqualified professionals. To earn the recognition of the NCCA, a credentialing body must demonstrate an ability to develop and administer psychometrically sound exams through a series of criteria. Additionally, since the NSCA’s inception in 1978, the organization has had a focus on strength training and conditioning. The acknowledged content experts that prepare the exams are responsible for the rigorous nature that truly discriminates between qualified and unqualified professionals. In fact, based on published data, the CSCS and NSCA-CPT exams are the most difficult fitness-related certification exams to pass and the most commonly sought after credentials in the field. The CSCS certification was created in 1985 for professionals who apply scientific knowledge to train athletes for the primary goal of improving athletic performance. The credentialing program encourages a higher level of competence among practitioners and raises the quality of strength training and conditioning programs provided by those who are CSCS certified. CSCS credential holders conduct sport-specific testing sessions, design and implement safe and effective strength training and conditioning programs and provide guidance regarding nutrition and injury prevention. Recognizing that their area of expertise is separate and distinct, CSCSs consult with and refer athletes to other professionals when appropriate. To earn the CSCS credential, candidates must pass an exam comprised of two sections, one of which is one and a half hours in length and another that is two and a half hours in length. The Scientific Foundations section consists of 80 multiple-choice questions and is designed to assess a candidate’s knowledge in the areas of exercise sciences and nutrition. The Practical/Applied section consists of 110 multiple-choice questions. Forty of these are in conjunction with a video, which assesses competencies in exercise techniques, functional anatomy and testing procedures. The remaining 70 questions pertain to program design, organization/administration and testing/evaluation. To be eligible to sit for the CSCS examination, the candidate must hold a bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution, be a currently enrolled college senior or hold a degree in chiropractic medicine. The candidate must provide documentation of at least a BA/BS degree defined by the United States educational system. In addition, the individual must be currently certified in at least adult CPR. CPR certifications that are only awarded through the Internet are not accepted. CSCS examination fees range from $260 to $415. CSCS preparation materials range from $17 to $275. Today, more than 18,500 professionals from a variety of academic and professional backgrounds hold this prestigious credential. Not only is the CSCS the credential of choice for strength training and conditioning professionals, but thousands of athletic trainers, physical therapists, chiropractors, researchers, educators and sport coaches have earned the CSCS credential to highlight an additional or enhanced area of expertise. The NSCA-CPT certification was developed in 1993 for professionals who work one-on-one with their clients in a variety of environments, including health/fitness clubs, wellness centers, schools and clients' homes. Personal trainers are health/fitness professionals who, using an individualized approach, assess, motivate, educate and train clients regarding their health and fitness needs. They design safe and effective exercise programs, provide the guidance to help clients achieve their personal health/fitness goals and respond appropriately in emergency situations. Recognizing their own area of expertise, personal trainers refer clients to other health care professionals when appropriate. The NSCA-CPT exam thoroughly tests the knowledge and skills that are necessary to successfully train both active and sedentary physically healthy individuals, as well as individuals with special needs. Today, more than 7,500 fitness professionals hold this prestigious credential. The NSCA-CPT credential is highly valued and often required for employment at health and fitness facilities and corporate wellness centers throughout the country. Over the years, the NSCA-CPT has continued to set the standard for personal training as the most well respected personal trainer certification through national and international recognition. To obtain the NSCA-CPT credential, candidates are required to pass an examination that focuses on client consultation/assessment, program planning, exercise techniques, safety/emergency procedures and legal issues. The three-hour exam consists of 140 multiple-choice questions, 35 of which correspond with video segments assessing knowledge primarily in the areas of exercise technique and client assessment. The remaining questions pertain to the exercise sciences, client assessment, program planning and safety-emergency issues. To be eligible to sit for the NSCA-CPT examination, the candidate must be currently certified in CPR. CPR certifications that are only awarded through the Internet are not accepted. Although no formal post-secondary course work is required, candidates are expected to have a good knowledge of biomechanical concepts, training adaptations, anatomy, exercise physiology, program design guidelines and the content of current position papers pertaining to special populations. NSCA-CPT examination fees range from $260 to $415. NSCA-CPT preparation materials range from $17 to $275. In order to develop the CSCS and NSCA-CPT exams, the NSCA Certification Commission and its independent testing service, Applied Measurement Professionals, Inc. (AMP), analyzed the job requirements of strength training and conditioning and personal training professionals. Through the efforts of the NSCA Certification Commission’s Job Analysis Committees and in conjunction with national surveys of people in these professions, the framework for determining the exams’ content and relative weighting of job-related content areas was established. People who work as personal trainers and strength and conditioning professionals were surveyed to determine what they actually do and what they have to know to perform their respective jobs. It is important that the CSCS and NSCA-CPT examinations assess competency in these areas, not the memorization of a textbook or other preparation materials. Respected content experts, with the assistance of AMP, prepare the exams and are responsible for the rigorous nature that serves to discriminate between qualified and unqualified professionals. Each year, these individuals review every exam question and each answer option plus related statistics from every exam. All of the exam questions pass through multiple reviews by these content experts in strength training and conditioning (CSCS Examination Development Committee) and personal training (NSCA-CPT Examination Development Committee). Because of this level of scrutiny and “proofing,” the time required for any given question from the time it is first written until its first use on an exam is at least 18 months. Also, each exam question MUST have an academic and professional reference that identifies one certain answer as correct and defensible. Also, after each exam, the comments made about each question are reviewed before the score reports are mailed out. The competition that fitness professionals face on a day-to-day basis requires that they are well informed regarding the latest fitness innovations, program design and exercise techniques. This is why continuing education in the fitness industry is very important. Fitness professionals should be required to stay up-to-date on the latest research findings and trends in order to design proper programs for their clients. In order to remain certified, the Executive Council of the NSCA Certification Commission requires that each CSCS and NSCA-CPT complete a specified number of continuing education units (CEUs). Certification is designed to protect the public from individuals who do not have proper training or skills. A direct requirement of certification is recertification through continuing education. By requiring continuing education, certifying agencies document that those who once demonstrated a required level of competency by passing a certification exam maintain a higher level of knowledge, which makes continuing education a very integral part of a fitness professional’s career. In an effort to validate its position in the fitness certification marketplace, the NSCA Certification Commission conducted a survey of 770 employers of CSCS and NSCA-CPT credential holders in 2004. When the employers were asked which organization’s certifications and/or licenses they preferred their employees to hold, more than 88% of the employers chose the CSCS and/or NSCA-CPT. There is a great deal of information available regarding the many certification and licensing choices that exist and what the benefits of each may be. The NSCA Certification Commission conducted this survey to determine the perceptions and opinions of employers of CSCS and NSCA-CPT credential holders and what elements of the CSCS and NSCA-CPT certifications were most important to employers. The survey revealed that those holding CSCS and/or NSCA-CPT credentials were deemed valuable to an organization based on the characteristics of quality of work, knowledge, ability to apply knowledge, earning potential and that they were less of a liability risk. CSCS and NSCA-CPT certificate holders demonstrate these characteristics because the CSCS and NSCA-CPT exams focus on the “real world” responsibilities of strength training and conditioning and personal training professionals. Other key findings from the survey included: • When employers were asked if NSCA Certification Commission certifications increased the chances of a prospective employee being hired by their organization or facility, 86% of those employing CSCS certificate holders and 87% of NSCA-CPT employers agreed. Individuals who have passed these challenging exams have demonstrated a level of commitment that is beyond that of strength training and conditioning and personal training professionals who have earned a less challenging or less respected certification. • When employers were asked if NSCA Certification Commission certified individuals were more likely to advance in their careers compared to individuals who are not NSCA certified, 88% of those employing CSCS certificate holders and 80% of NSCA-CPT employers agreed. The CSCS and NSCA-CPT credentials substantiate a professional’s competency level to employers and demonstrate that they are qualified to perform the tasks that are expected of them. • CSCS certified professionals have demonstrated an understanding of the advanced applications of exercise program design as it relates to sport performance. Ninety-three percent of employers believed that CSCS certified individuals will improve athletic performance of athletes in their programs because their sport-specific knowledge allows them to work with any athlete regardless of sport or fitness level. • One hundred percent of employers in a health club or gym setting consider NSCA-CPT certified individuals to be very knowledgeable fitness professionals. NSCA-CPT certified professionals have demonstrated the ability to assess, motivate, educate and train clients regarding their health and fitness needs. These skills include those needed to work with special needs populations, such as prepubescent youth, pregnant women, the elderly, athletes or persons with medical concerns. • Employers believe the most important areas of competence for fitness professionals are in technique instruction, program design and a sound knowledge in the exercise sciences. The CSCS and NSCA-CPT exams focus on these competencies because the exams are scientifically based on the responsibilities of strength training and conditioning and personal training professionals. Industry experts and psychometricians who specialize in developing certification and licensure examinations oversaw the exam development process to ensure the exams are valid and reliable and demonstrate key characteristics of competency for strength training and conditioning and personal training professionals. • Half of the employers surveyed believed the NSCA Certification Commission’s credentials reduced the risk of lawsuits. The NSCA Certification Commission conducted a thorough task analysis of both strength training and conditioning and personal training professionals to develop legally defensible certifications. The Scope of Practice for a CSCS or an NSCA-CPT is a legal and professional description of the knowledge, skills and abilities of a CSCS or an NSCA-CPT certificate holder. For this reason, the exam development process and exam administration for the CSCS and NSCA-CPT certifications are defensible in a court of law (i.e., the exams are valid and reliable and lack bias). The results of the survey make it apparent that employers view the CSCS and NSCA-CPT credentials as the premiere certifications in the fitness profession. This is proof that those who hold one or both of these prestigious credentials can be proud to know they have obtained the most rigorous and challenging certifications available and these credentials will improve their chances of being hired and assist them in future career advancements.
Sources[edit]NSCA Certification Commission Web site: www.nsca-cc.org
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How Green is your Grass
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Sources[edit]203.199.103.65 19:57, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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Steeples
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Johnson v. Agina
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CERTIORARI TO THE COURT OF APPEALS OF MARYLAND. No. 78-5374. Argued March 28, 1979. Decided June 20, 1979. The telephone company, at police request, installed at its central offices a pen register to record the numbers dialed from the telephone at petitioner's home. Prior to his robbery trial, petitioner moved to suppress "all fruits derived from" the pen register. The Maryland trial court denied this motion, holding that the warrantless installation of the pen register did not violate the Fourth Amendment. Petitioner was convicted, and the Maryland Court of Appeals affirmed. Held: The installation and use of the pen register was not a "search" within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment, and hence no warrant was required. Pp. 739-746. (a) Application of the Fourth Amendment depends on whether the person invoking its protection can claim a "legitimate expectation of privacy" that has been invaded by government action. This inquiry normally embraces two questions: first, whether the individual has exhibited an actual (subjective) expectation of privacy; and second, whether his expectation is one that society is prepared to recognize as "reasonable." Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 . Pp. 739-741. (b) Petitioner in all probability entertained no actual expectation of privacy in the phone numbers he dialed, and even if he did, his expectation was not "legitimate." First, it is doubtful that telephone users in general have any expectation of privacy regarding the numbers they dial, since they typically know that they must convey phone numbers to the telephone company and that the company has facilities for recording this information and does in fact record it for various legitimate business purposes. And petitioner did not demonstrate an expectation of privacy merely by using his home phone rather than some other phone, since his conduct, although perhaps calculated to keep the contents of his conversation private, was not calculated to preserve the privacy of the number he dialed. Second, even if petitioner did harbor some subjective expectation of privacy, this expectation was not one that society is prepared to recognize as "reasonable." When petitioner voluntarily conveyed numerical information to the phone company and "exposed" that information to its equipment in the normal course of business, he assumed the risk that the company would reveal the information [442 U.S. 735, 736] to the police, cf. United States v. Miller, 425 U.S. 435 . Pp. 741-746. 283 Md. 156, 389 A. 2d 858, affirmed. BLACKMUN, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which BURGER, C. J., and WHITE, REHNQUIST, and STEVENS, JJ., joined. STEWART, J., post, p. 746, and MARSHALL, J., post, p. 748, filed dissenting opinions, in which BRENNAN, J., joined. POWELL, J., took no part in the consideration or decision of the case. Howard L. Cardin argued the cause for petitioner. With him on the brief was James J. Gitomer. Stephen H. Sachs, Attorney General of Maryland, argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief were George A. Nilson, Deputy Attorney General, and Deborah K. Handel and Stephen B. Caplis, Assistant Attorneys General. MR. JUSTICE BLACKMUN delivered the opinion of the Court. This case presents the question whether the installation and use of a pen register 1 constitutes a "search" within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment, 2 made applicable to the States through the Fourteenth Amendment. Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961). [442 U.S. 735, 737] I On March 5, 1976, in Baltimore, Md., Patricia McDonough was robbed. She gave the police a description of the robber and of a 1975 Monte Carlo automobile she had observed near the scene of the crime. Tr. 66-68. After the robbery, McDonough began receiving threatening and obscene phone calls from a man identifying himself as the robber. On one occasion, the caller asked that she step out on her front porch; she did so, and saw the 1975 Monte Carlo she had earlier described to police moving slowly past her home. Id., at 70. On March 16, police spotted a man who met McDonough's description driving a 1975 Monte Carlo in her neighborhood. Id., at 71-72. By tracing the license plate number, police learned that the car was registered in the name of petitioner, Michael Lee Smith. Id., at 72. The next day, the telephone company, at police request, installed a pen register at its central offices to record the numbers dialed from the telephone at petitioner's home. Id., at 73, 75. The police did not get a warrant or court order before having the pen register installed. The register revealed that on March 17 a call was placed from petitioner's home to McDonough's phone. Id., at 74. On the basis of this and other evidence, the police obtained a warrant to search petitioner's residence. Id., at 75. The search revealed that a page in petitioner's phone book was turned down to the name and number of Patricia McDonough; the phone book was seized. Ibid. Petitioner was arrested, and a six-man lineup was held on March 19. McDonough identified petitioner as the man who had robbed her. Id., at 70-71. Petitioner was indicted in the Criminal Court of Baltimore for robbery. By pretrial motion, he sought to suppress "all fruits derived from the pen register" on the ground that the police had failed to secure a warrant prior to its installation. Record 14; Tr. 54-56. The trial court denied the suppression motion, holding that the warrantless installation of the pen [442 U.S. 735, 738] register did not violate the Fourth Amendment. Id., at 63. Petitioner then waived a jury, and the case was submitted to the court on an agreed statement of facts. Id., at 65-66. The pen register tape (evidencing the fact that a phone call had been made from petitioner's phone to McDonough's phone) and the phone book seized in the search of petitioner's residence were admitted into evidence against him. Id., at 74-76. Petitioner was convicted, id., at 78, and was sentenced to six years. He appealed to the Maryland Court of Special Appeals, but the Court of Appeals of Maryland issued a writ of certiorari to the intermediate court in advance of its decision in order to consider whether the pen register evidence had been properly admitted at petitioner's trial. 283 Md. 156, 160, 389 A. 2d 858, 860 (1978). The Court of Appeals affirmed the judgment of conviction, holding that "there is no constitutionally protected reasonable expectation of privacy in the numbers dialed into a telephone system and hence no search within the fourth amendment is implicated by the use of a pen register installed at the central offices of the telephone company." Id., at 173, 389 A. 2d, at 867. Because there was no "search," the court concluded, no warrant was needed. Three judges dissented, expressing the view that individuals do have a legitimate expectation of privacy regarding the phone numbers they dial from their homes; that the installation of a pen register thus constitutes a "search"; and that, in the absence of exigent circumstances, the failure of police to secure a warrant mandated that the pen register evidence here be excluded. Id., at 174, 178, 389 A. 2d, at 868, 870. Certiorari was granted in order to resolve indications of conflict in the decided cases as to the restrictions imposed by the Fourth Amendment on the use of pen registers. 3 439 U.S. 1001 (1978). [442 U.S. 735, 739] II A The Fourth Amendment guarantees "[t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures." In determining whether a particular form of government-initiated electronic surveillance is a "search" within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment, 4 our lodestar is Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967). In Katz, Government agents had intercepted the contents of a telephone conversation by attaching an electronic listening device to the outside of a public phone booth. The Court rejected the argument that a "search" can occur only when there has been a "physical intrusion" into a "constitutionally protected area," noting that the Fourth Amendment "protects people, not places." Id., at 351-353. Because the Government's monitoring of Katz' conversation "violated the privacy upon which he justifiably relied while using the telephone booth," the Court held that [442 U.S. 735, 740] it "constituted a `search and seizure' within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment." Id., at 353. Consistently with Katz, this Court uniformly has held that the application of the Fourth Amendment depends on whether the person invoking its protection can claim a "justifiable," a "reasonable," or a "legitimate expectation of privacy" that has been invaded by government action. E. g., Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128, 143 , and n. 12 (1978); id., at 150, 151 (concurring opinion); id., at 164 (dissenting opinion); United States v. Chadwick, 433 U.S. 1, 7 (1977); United States v. Miller, 425 U.S. 435, 442 (1976); United States v. Dionisio, 410 U.S. 1, 14 (1973); Couch v. United States, 409 U.S. 322, 335 -336 (1973); United States v. White, 401 U.S. 745, 752 (1971) (plurality opinion); Mancusi v. DeForte, 392 U.S. 364, 368 (1968); Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 9 (1968). This inquiry, as Mr. Justice Harlan aptly noted in his Katz concurrence, normally embraces two discrete questions. The first is whether the individual, by his conduct, has "exhibited an actual (subjective) expectation of privacy," 389 U.S., at 361 - whether, in the words of the Katz majority, the individual has shown that "he seeks to preserve [something] as private." Id., at 351. The second question is whether the individual's subjective expectation of privacy is "one that society is prepared to recognize as `reasonable,'" id., at 361 - whether, in the words of the Katz majority, the individual's expectation, viewed objectively, is "justifiable" under the circumstances. Id., at 353. 5 See Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S., [442 U.S. 735, 741] at 143-144, n. 12; id., at 151 (concurring opinion); United States v. White, 401 U.S., at 752 (plurality opinion). B In applying the Katz analysis to this case, it is important to begin by specifying precisely the nature of the state activity that is challenged. The activity here took the form of installing and using a pen register. Since the pen register was installed on telephone company property at the telephone company's central offices, petitioner obviously cannot claim that his "property" was invaded or that police intruded into a "constitutionally protected area." Petitioner's claim, rather, is that, notwithstanding the absence of a trespass, the State, as did the Government in Katz, infringed a "legitimate expectation of privacy" that petitioner held. Yet a pen register differs significantly from the listening device employed in Katz, for pen registers do not acquire the contents of communications. This Court recently noted: "Indeed, a law enforcement official could not even determine from the use of a pen register whether a communication existed. These devices do not hear sound. They disclose only the telephone numbers that have been dialed - a means of establishing communication. Neither the purport of any communication between the caller and the recipient of the call, their identities, nor whether the call was even completed is disclosed by pen registers." United States v. New York Tel. Co., 434 U.S. 159, 167 (1977). [442 U.S. 735, 742] Given a pen register's limited capabilities, therefore, petitioner's argument that its installation and use constituted a "search" necessarily rests upon a claim that he had a "legitimate expectation of privacy" regarding the numbers he dialed on his phone. This claim must be rejected. First, we doubt that people in general entertain any actual expectation of privacy in the numbers they dial. All telephone users realize that they must "convey" phone numbers to the telephone company, since it is through telephone company switching equipment that their calls are completed. All subscribers realize, moreover, that the phone company has facilities for making permanent records of the numbers they dial, for they see a list of their long-distance (toll) calls on their monthly bills. In fact, pen registers and similar devices are routinely used by telephone companies "for the purposes of checking billing operations, detecting fraud, and preventing violations of law." United States v. New York Tel. Co., 434 U.S., at 174 -175. Electronic equipment is used not only to keep billing records of toll calls, but also "to keep a record of all calls dialed from a telephone which is subject to a special rate structure." Hodge v. Mountain States Tel. & Tel. Co., 555 F.2d 254, 266 (CA9 1977) (concurring opinion). Pen registers are regularly employed "to determine whether a home phone is being used to conduct a business, to check for a defective dial, or to check for overbilling." Note, The Legal Constraints upon the Use of the Pen Register as a Law Enforcement Tool, 60 Cornell L. Rev. 1028, 1029 (1975) (footnotes omitted). Although most people may be oblivious to a pen register's esoteric functions, they presumably have some awareness of one common use: to aid in the identification of persons making annoying or obscene calls. See, e. g., Von Lusch v. C & P Telephone Co., 457 F. Supp. 814, 816 (Md. 1978); Note, 60 Cornell L. Rev., at 1029-1030, n. 11; Claerhout, The Pen Register, 20 Drake L. Rev. 108, 110-111 (1970). Most phone books tell [442 U.S. 735, 743] subscribers, on a page entitled "Consumer Information," that the company "can frequently help in identifying to the authorities the origin of unwelcome and troublesome calls." E. g., Baltimore Telephone Directory 21 (1978); District of Columbia Telephone Directory 13 (1978). Telephone users, in sum, typically know that they must convey numerical information to the phone company; that the phone company has facilities for recording this information; and that the phone company does in fact record this information for a variety of legitimate business purposes. Although subjective expectations cannot be scientifically gauged, it is too much to believe that telephone subscribers, under these circumstances, harbor any general expectation that the numbers they dial will remain secret. Petitioner argues, however, that, whatever the expectations of telephone users in general, he demonstrated an expectation of privacy by his own conduct here, since he "us[ed] the telephone in his house to the exclusion of all others." Brief for Petitioner 6 (emphasis added). But the site of the call is immaterial for purposes of analysis in this case. Although petitioner's conduct may have been calculated to keep the contents of his conversation private, his conduct was not and could not have been calculated to preserve the privacy of the number he dialed. Regardless of his location, petitioner had to convey that number to the telephone company in precisely the same way if he wished to complete his call. The fact that he dialed the number on his home phone rather than on some other phone could make no conceivable difference, nor could any subscriber rationally think that it would. Second, even if petitioner did harbor some subjective expectation that the phone numbers he dialed would remain private, this expectation is not "one that society is prepared to recognize as `reasonable.'" Katz v. United States, 389 U.S., at 361 . This Court consistently has held that a person has no legitimate expectation of privacy in information he [442 U.S. 735, 744] voluntarily turns over to third parties. E. g., United States v. Miller, 425 U.S., at 442 -444; Couch v. United States, 409 U.S., at 335 -336; United States v. White, 401 U.S., at 752 (plurality opinion); Hoffa v. United States, 385 U.S. 293, 302 (1966); Lopez v. United States, 373 U.S. 427 (1963). In Miller, for example, the Court held that a bank depositor has no "legitimate `expectation of privacy'" in financial information "voluntarily conveyed to . . . banks and exposed to their employees in the ordinary course of business." 425 U.S., at 442 . The Court explained: "The depositor takes the risk, in revealing his affairs to another, that the information will be conveyed by that person to the Government. . . . This Court has held repeatedly that the Fourth Amendment does not prohibit the obtaining of information revealed to a third party and conveyed by him to Government authorities, even if the information is revealed on the assumption that it will be used only for a limited purpose and the confidence placed in the third party will not be betrayed." Id., at 443. Because the depositor "assumed the risk" of disclosure, the Court held that it would be unreasonable for him to expect his financial records to remain private. This analysis dictates that petitioner can claim no legitimate expectation of privacy here. When he used his phone, petitioner voluntarily conveyed numerical information to the telephone company and "exposed" that information to its equipment in the ordinary course of business. In so doing, petitioner assumed the risk that the company would reveal to police the numbers he dialed. The switching equipment that processed those numbers is merely the modern counterpart of the operator who, in an earlier day, personally completed calls for the subscriber. Petitioner concedes that if he had placed his calls through an operator, he could claim no legitimate expectation of privacy. Tr. of Oral Arg. 3-5, 11-12, 32. We [442 U.S. 735, 745] are not inclined to hold that a different constitutional result is required because the telephone company has decided to automate. Petitioner argues, however, that automatic switching equipment differs from a live operator in one pertinent respect. An operator, in theory at least, is capable of remembering every number that is conveyed to him by callers. Electronic equipment, by contrast, can "remember" only those numbers it is programmed to record, and telephone companies, in view of their present billing practices, usually do not record local calls. Since petitioner, in calling McDonough, was making a local call, his expectation of privacy as to her number, on this theory, would be "legitimate." This argument does not withstand scrutiny. The fortuity of whether or not the phone company in fact elects to make a quasi-permanent record of a particular number dialed does not, in our view, make any constitutional difference. Regardless of the phone company's election, petitioner voluntarily conveyed to it information that it had facilities for recording and that it was free to record. In these circumstances, petitioner assumed the risk that the information would be divulged to police. Under petitioner's theory, Fourth Amendment protection would exist, or not, depending on how the telephone company chose to define local-dialing zones, and depending on how it chose to bill its customers for local calls. Calls placed across town, or dialed directly, would be protected; calls placed across the river, or dialed with operator assistance, might not be. We are not inclined to make a crazy quilt of the Fourth Amendment, especially in circumstances where (as here) the pattern of protection would be dictated by billing practices of a private corporation. We therefore conclude that petitioner in all probability entertained no actual expectation of privacy in the phone numbers he dialed, and that, even if he did, his expectation was not "legitimate." The installation and use of a pen register, [442 U.S. 735, 746] consequently, was not a "search," and no warrant was required. The judgment of the Maryland Court of Appeals is affirmed. It is so ordered. Mr. JUSTICE POWELL took no part in the consideration or decision of this case. Footnotes [ Footnote 1 ] "A pen register is a mechanical device that records the numbers dialed on a telephone by monitoring the electrical impulses caused when the dial on the telephone is released. It does not overhear oral communications and does not indicate whether calls are actually completed." United States v. New York Tel. Co., 434 U.S. 159, 161 n. 1 (1977). A pen register is "usually installed at a central telephone facility [and] records on a paper tape all numbers dialed from [the] line" to which it is attached. United States v. Giordano, 416 U.S. 505, 549 n. 1 (1974) (opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part). See also United States v. New York Tel. Co., 434 U.S., at 162 . [ Footnote 2 ] "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized." U.S. Const., Amdt. 4. [ Footnote 3 ] See Application of United States for Order, 546 F.2d 243, 245 (CA8 1976), cert. denied sub nom. Southwestern Bell Tel. Co. v. United States, 434 U.S. 1008 (1978); Application of United States in Matter of Order, [442 U.S. 735, 739] 538 F.2d 956, 959-960 (CA2 1976), rev'd on other grounds sub nom. United States v. New York Tel. Co., 434 U.S. 159 (1977); United States v. Falcone, 505 F.2d 478, 482, and n. 21 (CA3 1974), cert. denied, 420 U.S. 955 (1975); Hodge v. Mountain States Tel. & Tel. Co., 555 F.2d 254, 256 (CA9 1977); id., at 266 (concurring opinion); and United States v. Clegg, 509 F.2d 605, 610 (CA5 1975). In previous decisions, this Court has not found it necessary to consider whether "pen register surveillance [is] subject to the requirements of the Fourth Amendment." United States v. New York Tel. Co., 434 U.S., at 165 n. 7. See United States v. Giordano, 416 U.S., at 554 n. 4 (opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part). [ Footnote 4 ] In this case, the pen register was installed, and the numbers dialed were recorded, by the telephone company. Tr. 73-74. The telephone company, however, acted at police request. Id., at 73, 75. In view of this, respondent appears to concede that the company is to be deemed an "agent" of the police for purposes of this case, so as to render the installation and use of the pen register "state action" under the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments. We may assume that "state action" was present here. [ Footnote 5 ] Situations can be imagined, of course, in which Katz' two-pronged inquiry would provide an inadequate index of Fourth Amendment protection. For example, if the Government were suddenly to announce on nationwide television that all homes henceforth would be subject to warrantless entry, individuals thereafter might not in fact entertain any actual expectation of privacy regarding their homes, papers, and effects. Similarly, if a refugee from a totalitarian country, unaware of this Nation's traditions, erroneously assumed that police were continuously monitoring his telephone conversations, a subjective expectation of privacy [442 U.S. 735, 741] regarding the contents of his calls might be lacking as well. In such circumstances, where an individual's subjective expectations had been "conditioned" by influences alien to well-recognized Fourth Amendment freedoms, those subjective expectations obviously could play no meaningful role in ascertaining what the scope of Fourth Amendment protection was. In determining whether a "legitimate expectation of privacy" existed in such cases, a normative inquiry would be proper. Mr. JUSTICE STEWART, with whom MR. JUSTICE BRENNAN joins, dissenting. I am not persuaded that the numbers dialed from a private telephone fall outside the constitutional protection of the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments. In Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 352 , the Court acknowledged the "vital role that the public telephone has come to play in private communication[s]." The role played by a private telephone is even more vital, and since Katz it has been abundantly clear that telephone conversations carried on by people in their homes or offices are fully protected by the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments. As the Court said in United States v. United States District Court, 407 U.S. 297, 313 , "the broad and unsuspected governmental incursions into conversational privacy which electronic surveillance entails necessitate the application of Fourth Amendment safeguards." (Footnote omitted.) Nevertheless, the Court today says that those safeguards do not extend to the numbers dialed from a private telephone, apparently because when a caller dials a number the digits may be recorded by the telephone company for billing purposes. But that observation no more than describes the basic nature of telephone calls. A telephone call simply cannot be made without the use of telephone company property and without payment to the company for the service. The telephone conversation itself must be electronically transmitted by telephone company equipment, and may be recorded or overheard by the use of other company equipment. Yet we [442 U.S. 735, 747] have squarely held that the user of even a public telephone is entitled "to assume that the words he utters into the mouthpiece will not be broadcast to the world." Katz v. United States, supra, at 352. The central question in this case is whether a person who makes telephone calls from his home is entitled to make a similar assumption about the numbers he dials. What the telephone company does or might do with those numbers is no more relevant to this inquiry than it would be in a case involving the conversation itself. It is simply not enough to say, after Katz, that there is no legitimate expectation of privacy in the numbers dialed because the caller assumes the risk that the telephone company will disclose them to the police. I think that the numbers dialed from a private telephone - like the conversations that occur during a call - are within the constitutional protection recognized in Katz. 1 It seems clear to me that information obtained by pen register surveillance of a private telephone is information in which the telephone subscriber has a legitimate expectation of privacy. 2 The information captured by such surveillance emanates from private conduct within a person's home or office - locations that without question are entitled to Fourth and Fourteenth Amendment protection. Further, that information is an integral part of the telephonic communication that under Katz [442 U.S. 735, 748] is entitled to constitutional protection, whether or not it is captured by a trespass into such an area. The numbers dialed from a private telephone - although certainly more prosaic than the conversation itself - are not without "content." Most private telephone subscribers may have their own numbers listed in a publicly distributed directory, but I doubt there are any who would be happy to have broadcast to the world a list of the local or long distance numbers they have called. This is not because such a list might in some sense be incriminating, but because it easily could reveal the identities of the persons and the places called, and thus reveal the most intimate details of a person's life. I respectfully dissent. [ Footnote 1 ] It is true, as the Court pointed out in United States v. New York Tel. Co., 434 U.S. 159, 166 -167, that under Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, 18 U.S.C. 2510-2520, pen registers are not considered "interceptions" because "they do not acquire the `contents' of communications," as that term is defined by Congress. We are concerned in this case, however, not with the technical definitions of a statute, but with the requirements of the Constitution. [ Footnote 2 ] The question whether a defendant who is not a member of the subscriber's household has "standing" to object to pen register surveillance of a private telephone is, of course, distinct. Cf. Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128 . Mr. JUSTICE MARSHALL, with whom Mr. JUSTICE BRENNAN joins, dissenting. The Court concludes that because individuals have no actual or legitimate expectation of privacy in information they voluntarily relinquish to telephone companies, the use of pen registers by government agents is immune from Fourth Amendment scrutiny. Since I remain convinced that constitutional protections are not abrogated whenever a person apprises another of facts valuable in criminal investigations, see, e. g., United States v. White, 401 U.S. 745, 786 -790 (1971) (Harlan, J., dissenting); id., at 795-796 (MARSHALL, J., dissenting); California Bankers Assn. v. Shultz, 416 U.S. 21, 95 -96 (1974) (MARSHALL, J., dissenting); United States v. Miller, 425 U.S. 435, 455 -456 (1976) (MARSHALL, J., dissenting), I respectfully dissent. Applying the standards set forth in Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 361 (1967) (Harlan, J., concurring), the Court first determines that telephone subscribers have no subjective expectations of privacy concerning the numbers they dial. To reach this conclusion, the Court posits that individuals somehow infer from the long-distance listings on their phone bills, and from the cryptic assurances of "help" in tracing obscene [442 U.S. 735, 749] calls included in "most" phone books, that pen registers are regularly used for recording local calls. See ante, at 742-743. But even assuming, as I do not, that individuals "typically know" that a phone company monitors calls for internal reasons, ante, at 743, 1 it does not follow that they expect this information to be made available to the public in general or the government in particular. Privacy is not a discrete commodity, possessed absolutely or not at all. Those who disclose certain facts to a bank or phone company for a limited business purpose need not assume that this information will be released to other persons for other purposes. See California Bankers Assn. v. Shultz, supra, at 95-96 (MARSHALL, J., dissenting). The crux of the Court's holding, however, is that whatever expectation of privacy petitioner may in fact have entertained regarding his calls, it is not one "society is prepared to recognize as `reasonable.'" Ante, at 743. In so ruling, the Court determines that individuals who convey information to third parties have "assumed the risk" of disclosure to the government. Ante, at 744, 745. This analysis is misconceived in two critical respects. Implicit in the concept of assumption of risk is some notion of choice. At least in the third-party consensual surveillance cases, which first incorporated risk analysis into Fourth Amendment doctrine, the defendant presumably had exercised some discretion in deciding who should enjoy his confidential communications. See, e. g., Lopez v. United States, 373 U.S. 427, 439 (1963); Hoffa v. United States, 385 U.S. 293, 302 -303 (1966); United States v. White, supra, at 751-752 [442 U.S. 735, 750] (plurality opinion). By contrast here, unless a person is prepared to forgo use of what for many has become a personal or professional necessity, he cannot help but accept the risk of surveillance. Cf. Lopez v. United States, supra, at 465-466 (BRENNAN, J., dissenting). It is idle to speak of "assuming" risks in contexts where, as a practical mater, individuals have no realistic alternative. More fundamentally, to make risk analysis dispositive in assessing the reasonableness of privacy expectations would allow the government to define the scope of Fourth Amendment protections. For example, law enforcement officials, simply by announcing their intent to monitor the content of random samples of first-class mail or private phone conversations, could put the public on notice of the risks they would thereafter assume in such communications. See Amsterdam, Perspectives on the Fourth Amendment, 58 Minn. L. Rev. 349, 384, 407 (1974). Yet, although acknowledging this implication of its analysis, the Court is willing to concede only that, in some circumstances, a further "normative inquiry would be proper." Ante, at 740-741, n. 5. No meaningful effort is made to explain what those circumstances might be, or why this case is not among them. In my view, whether privacy expectations are legitimate within the meaning of Katz depends not on the risks an individual can be presumed to accept when imparting information to third parties, but on the risks he should be forced to assume in a free and open society. By its terms, the constitutional prohibition of unreasonable searches and seizures assigns to the judiciary some prescriptive responsibility. As Mr. Justice Harlan, who formulated the standard the Court applies today, himself recognized: "[s]ince it is the task of the law to form and project, as well as mirror and reflect, we should not . . . merely recite . . . risks without examining the desirability of saddling them upon society." United States v. White, supra, at 786 (dissenting opinion). In making this [442 U.S. 735, 751] assessment, courts must evaluate the "intrinsic character" of investigative practices with reference to the basic values underlying the Fourth Amendment. California Bankers Assn. v. Shultz, 416 U.S., at 95 (MARSHALL, J., dissenting). And for those "extensive intrusions that significantly jeopardize [individuals'] sense of security . . ., more than self-restraint by law enforcement officials is required." United States v. White, 401 U.S., at 786 (Harlan, J., dissenting). The use of pen registers, I believe, constitutes such an extensive intrusion. To hold otherwise ignores the vital role telephonic communication plays in our personal and professional relationships, see Katz v. United States, 389 U.S., at 352 , as well as the First and Fourth Amendment interests implicated by unfettered official surveillance. Privacy in placing calls is of value not only to those engaged in criminal activity. The prospect of unregulated governmental monitoring will undoubtedly prove disturbing even to those with nothing illicit to hide. Many individuals, including members of unpopular political organizations or journalists with confidential sources, may legitimately wish to avoid disclosure of their personal contacts. See NAACP v. Alabama, 357 U.S. 449, 463 (1958); Branzburg v. Hayes, 408 U.S. 665, 695 (1972); id., at 728-734 (STEWART, J., dissenting). Permitting governmental access to telephone records on less than probable cause may thus impede certain forms of political affiliation and journalistic endeavor that are the hallmark of a truly free society. Particularly given the Government's previous reliance on warrantless telephonic surveillance to trace reporters' sources and monitor protected political activity, 2 I am unwilling to insulate use of pen registers from independent judicial review. [442 U.S. 735, 752] Just as one who enters a public telephone booth is "entitled to assume that the words he utters into the mouthpiece will not be broadcast to the world," Katz v. United States, supra, at 352, so too, he should be entitled to assume that the numbers he dials in the privacy of his home will be recorded, if at all, solely for the phone company's business purposes. Accordingly, I would require law enforcement officials to obtain a warrant before they enlist telephone companies to secure information otherwise beyond the government's reach. [ Footnote 1 ] Lacking the Court's apparently exhaustive knowledge of this Nation's telephone books and the reading habits of telephone subscribers, see ante, at 742-743, I decline to assume general public awareness of how obscene phone calls are traced. Nor am I persuaded that the scope of Fourth Amendment protection should turn on the concededly "esoteric functions" of pen registers in corporate billing, ante, at 742, functions with which subscribers are unlikely to have intimate familiarity. [ Footnote 2 ] See, e. g., Reporters Committee For Freedom of Press v. American Tel. & Tel. Co., 192 U.S. App. D.C. 376, 593 F.2d 1030 (1978), cert. denied, 440 U.S. 949 (1979); Halperin v. Kissinger, 434 F. Supp. 1193 (DC 1977); Socialist Workers Party v. Attorney General, 463 F. Supp. 515 (SDNY 1978). [442 U.S. 735, 753]
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Link to Site
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Plagiarist who ruined the life of Michael Pyshnov, the graduate student working under her.
Sources[edit]http://www.famousplagiarists.com/scienceandmedicine.htm#larsen
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Tacky's Rebellion
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Tacky, a Coromantee Chief was from the Guinea area of the West Coast of Africa, as were many of the slaves sold to plantations in the St. Mary's Parish of Jamaica. Tacky's position as overseer on the Frontier plantation gave him the opportunity to draw up some simple but effective plans to gain freedom and to easily get them to his trusted followers both at Frontier and neighbouring Trinity plantations. They decided to wait until Easter Sunday when they knew no one would suspect what was to follow. Sometime before daybreak on Monday, Tacky and his followers began the revolt and easily took over the Frontier and Trinity plantations while killing their masters. Bolstered by their easy success, they made their way to the storeroom at Fort Haldane where the munitions to defend the town of Port Maria were kept. After killing the storekeeper, Tacky and his men stole nearly 4 barrels of gun powder and 40 firearms with shot before marching on to overrun the plantations at Heywood Hall and Esher. By dawn, hundreds had joined Tacky and his followers. At Ballard's Valley, the rebels stopped to rejoice in their success, as one slave from Esher decided to slip away and sound the alarm. Obeahmen quickly circulated around the camp dispensing a powder that they claimed would protect the men from injury in battle and loudly proclaimed that an Obeahman could not be killed. Confidence was high. Soon there were 70 to 80 mounted militia on their way along with some Maroons from Scott's Hall, who were bound by treaty to suppress such rebellions. When the militia learned of the Obeahman's boast of not being able to be killed, an Obeahman was captured, killed and hung with his mask, ornaments of teeth and bone and feather trimmings at a prominent place visible from the encampment of rebels. Many of the rebels, confidence shaken, returned to their plantations but Tacky and 25 or so men decided to fight on. Tacky and his men went running through the woods being chased by the Maroons and their legendary marksman, Davy. While running at full speed, Davy shot Tacky and cut off his head to prove his feat for which he would be richly rewarded. Tacky's head was later displayed on a pole in Spanish Town until a follower took it down in the middle of the night. Tacky's men were found in a cave near Tacky Falls, having committed suicide rather than going back to slavery. The rebellion didn't end here, as other rebellions broke out all over Jamaica, which many were rightly or wrongly attributed to Tacky's cunning and strategy. It was months later until peace was restored. Over 60 white people had lost their lives as well as 400 or so Negro slaves, including two ring leaders who were burned alive and two others who were hung in iron cages at the Kingston Parade, until they starved to death. You can visit the Tacky Monument in Claude Stuart Park in Port Maria. Tacky Falls is accessible by the sea but the overland route is considered by locals to be too tough to travel. The waterfalls have diminished over the years and mainly eroded rocks mark the course. The exact location of the cave where they found Tacky's men is not known http://www.jamaicans.com/culture/articles_culture/tackys_rebellion.shtml www.jamaicans.com/info/tackys_rebellion.htm Sources[edit]65.183.2.75 20:20, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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NSCA Certification Commission
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The exams are considered to be the most difficult in the industry to earn, which is one of the reasons why they are highly respected and why those who have acquired these credentials display them with a great deal of pride. The CSCS and NSCA-CPT credentials have gained the reputation among employers and industry experts as being the most respected and preferred fitness-related credentials. The exams have been validated; this process signifies that individuals are tested over the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to be competent in their respective professional career areas. One factor that distinguishes the NSCA’s certifications from other certifications is the fact that the CSCS and the NSCA-CPT are the only fitness-related credentials to be nationally accredited since 1993 and 1996, respectively, through the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA), the credentialing branch of the National Organization for Competency Assurance (NOCA). Based in Washington, D.C., the NCCA measures the ability of certifying organizations in any industry to accurately discriminate between qualified and unqualified professionals. To earn the recognition of the NCCA, a credentialing body must demonstrate an ability to develop and administer psychometrically sound exams through a series of criteria. Additionally, since the NSCA’s inception in 1978, the organization has had a focus on strength training and conditioning. The acknowledged content experts that prepare the exams are responsible for the rigorous nature that truly discriminates between qualified and unqualified professionals. In fact, based on published data, the CSCS and NSCA-CPT exams are the most difficult fitness-related certification exams to pass and the most commonly sought after credentials in the field. The CSCS certification was created in 1985 for professionals who apply scientific knowledge to train athletes for the primary goal of improving athletic performance. The credentialing program encourages a higher level of competence among practitioners and raises the quality of strength training and conditioning programs provided by those who are CSCS certified. CSCS credential holders conduct sport-specific testing sessions, design and implement safe and effective strength training and conditioning programs and provide guidance regarding nutrition and injury prevention. Recognizing that their area of expertise is separate and distinct, CSCSs consult with and refer athletes to other professionals when appropriate. To earn the CSCS credential, candidates must pass an exam comprised of two sections, one of which is one and a half hours in length and another that is two and a half hours in length. The Scientific Foundations section consists of 80 multiple-choice questions and is designed to assess a candidate’s knowledge in the areas of exercise sciences and nutrition. The Practical/Applied section consists of 110 multiple-choice questions. Forty of these are in conjunction with a video, which assesses competencies in exercise techniques, functional anatomy and testing procedures. The remaining 70 questions pertain to program design, organization/administration and testing/evaluation. To be eligible to sit for the CSCS examination, the candidate must hold a bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution, be a currently enrolled college senior or hold a degree in chiropractic medicine. The candidate must provide documentation of at least a BA/BS degree defined by the United States educational system. In addition, the individual must be currently certified in at least adult CPR. CPR certifications that are only awarded through the Internet are not accepted. CSCS examination fees range from $260 to $415. CSCS preparation materials range from $17 to $275. Today, more than 18,500 professionals from a variety of academic and professional backgrounds hold this prestigious credential. Not only is the CSCS the credential of choice for strength training and conditioning professionals, but thousands of athletic trainers, physical therapists, chiropractors, researchers, educators and sport coaches have earned the CSCS credential to highlight an additional or enhanced area of expertise. The NSCA-CPT certification was developed in 1993 for professionals who work one-on-one with their clients in a variety of environments, including health/fitness clubs, wellness centers, schools and clients' homes. Personal trainers are health/fitness professionals who, using an individualized approach, assess, motivate, educate and train clients regarding their health and fitness needs. They design safe and effective exercise programs, provide the guidance to help clients achieve their personal health/fitness goals and respond appropriately in emergency situations. Recognizing their own area of expertise, personal trainers refer clients to other health care professionals when appropriate. The NSCA-CPT exam thoroughly tests the knowledge and skills that are necessary to successfully train both active and sedentary physically healthy individuals, as well as individuals with special needs. Today, more than 7,500 fitness professionals hold this prestigious credential. The NSCA-CPT credential is highly valued and often required for employment at health and fitness facilities and corporate wellness centers throughout the country. Over the years, the NSCA-CPT has continued to set the standard for personal training as the most well respected personal trainer certification through national and international recognition. To obtain the NSCA-CPT credential, candidates are required to pass an examination that focuses on client consultation/assessment, program planning, exercise techniques, safety/emergency procedures and legal issues. The three-hour exam consists of 140 multiple-choice questions, 35 of which correspond with video segments assessing knowledge primarily in the areas of exercise technique and client assessment. The remaining questions pertain to the exercise sciences, client assessment, program planning and safety-emergency issues. To be eligible to sit for the NSCA-CPT examination, the candidate must be currently certified in CPR. CPR certifications that are only awarded through the Internet are not accepted. Although no formal post-secondary course work is required, candidates are expected to have a good knowledge of biomechanical concepts, training adaptations, anatomy, exercise physiology, program design guidelines and the content of current position papers pertaining to special populations. NSCA-CPT examination fees range from $260 to $415. NSCA-CPT preparation materials range from $17 to $275. In order to develop the CSCS and NSCA-CPT exams, the NSCA Certification Commission and its independent testing service, Applied Measurement Professionals, Inc. (AMP), analyzed the job requirements of strength training and conditioning and personal training professionals. Through the efforts of the NSCA Certification Commission’s Job Analysis Committees and in conjunction with national surveys of people in these professions, the framework for determining the exams’ content and relative weighting of job-related content areas was established. People who work as personal trainers and strength and conditioning professionals were surveyed to determine what they actually do and what they have to know to perform their respective jobs. It is important that the CSCS and NSCA-CPT examinations assess competency in these areas, not the memorization of a textbook or other preparation materials. Respected content experts, with the assistance of AMP, prepare the exams and are responsible for the rigorous nature that serves to discriminate between qualified and unqualified professionals. Each year, these individuals review every exam question and each answer option plus related statistics from every exam. All of the exam questions pass through multiple reviews by these content experts in strength training and conditioning (CSCS Examination Development Committee) and personal training (NSCA-CPT Examination Development Committee). Because of this level of scrutiny and “proofing,” the time required for any given question from the time it is first written until its first use on an exam is at least 18 months. Also, each exam question MUST have an academic and professional reference that identifies one certain answer as correct and defensible. Also, after each exam, the comments made about each question are reviewed before the score reports are mailed out. The competition that fitness professionals face on a day-to-day basis requires that they are well informed regarding the latest fitness innovations, program design and exercise techniques. This is why continuing education in the fitness industry is very important. Fitness professionals should be required to stay up-to-date on the latest research findings and trends in order to design proper programs for their clients. In order to remain certified, the Executive Council of the NSCA Certification Commission requires that each CSCS and NSCA-CPT complete a specified number of continuing education units (CEUs). Certification is designed to protect the public from individuals who do not have proper training or skills. A direct requirement of certification is recertification through continuing education. By requiring continuing education, certifying agencies document that those who once demonstrated a required level of competency by passing a certification exam maintain a higher level of knowledge, which makes continuing education a very integral part of a fitness professional’s career. In an effort to validate its position in the fitness certification marketplace, the NSCA Certification Commission conducted a survey of 770 employers of CSCS and NSCA-CPT credential holders in 2004. When the employers were asked which organization’s certifications and/or licenses they preferred their employees to hold, more than 88% of the employers chose the CSCS and/or NSCA-CPT. There is a great deal of information available regarding the many certification and licensing choices that exist and what the benefits of each may be. The NSCA Certification Commission conducted this survey to determine the perceptions and opinions of employers of CSCS and NSCA-CPT credential holders and what elements of the CSCS and NSCA-CPT certifications were most important to employers. The survey revealed that those holding CSCS and/or NSCA-CPT credentials were deemed valuable to an organization based on the characteristics of quality of work, knowledge, ability to apply knowledge, earning potential and that they were less of a liability risk. CSCS and NSCA-CPT certificate holders demonstrate these characteristics because the CSCS and NSCA-CPT exams focus on the “real world” responsibilities of strength training and conditioning and personal training professionals. Other key findings from the survey included: • When employers were asked if NSCA Certification Commission certifications increased the chances of a prospective employee being hired by their organization or facility, 86% of those employing CSCS certificate holders and 87% of NSCA-CPT employers agreed. Individuals who have passed these challenging exams have demonstrated a level of commitment that is beyond that of strength training and conditioning and personal training professionals who have earned a less challenging or less respected certification. • When employers were asked if NSCA Certification Commission certified individuals were more likely to advance in their careers compared to individuals who are not NSCA certified, 88% of those employing CSCS certificate holders and 80% of NSCA-CPT employers agreed. The CSCS and NSCA-CPT credentials substantiate a professional’s competency level to employers and demonstrate that they are qualified to perform the tasks that are expected of them. • CSCS certified professionals have demonstrated an understanding of the advanced applications of exercise program design as it relates to sport performance. Ninety-three percent of employers believed that CSCS certified individuals will improve athletic performance of athletes in their programs because their sport-specific knowledge allows them to work with any athlete regardless of sport or fitness level. • One hundred percent of employers in a health club or gym setting consider NSCA-CPT certified individuals to be very knowledgeable fitness professionals. NSCA-CPT certified professionals have demonstrated the ability to assess, motivate, educate and train clients regarding their health and fitness needs. These skills include those needed to work with special needs populations, such as prepubescent youth, pregnant women, the elderly, athletes or persons with medical concerns. • Employers believe the most important areas of competence for fitness professionals are in technique instruction, program design and a sound knowledge in the exercise sciences. The CSCS and NSCA-CPT exams focus on these competencies because the exams are scientifically based on the responsibilities of strength training and conditioning and personal training professionals. Industry experts and psychometricians who specialize in developing certification and licensure examinations oversaw the exam development process to ensure the exams are valid and reliable and demonstrate key characteristics of competency for strength training and conditioning and personal training professionals. • Half of the employers surveyed believed the NSCA Certification Commission’s credentials reduced the risk of lawsuits. The NSCA Certification Commission conducted a thorough task analysis of both strength training and conditioning and personal training professionals to develop legally defensible certifications. The Scope of Practice for a CSCS or an NSCA-CPT is a legal and professional description of the knowledge, skills and abilities of a CSCS or an NSCA-CPT certificate holder. For this reason, the exam development process and exam administration for the CSCS and NSCA-CPT certifications are defensible in a court of law (i.e., the exams are valid and reliable and lack bias). The results of the survey make it apparent that employers view the CSCS and NSCA-CPT credentials as the premiere certifications in the fitness profession. This is proof that those who hold one or both of these prestigious credentials can be proud to know they have obtained the most rigorous and challenging certifications available and these credentials will improve their chances of being hired and assist them in future career advancements.
Sources[edit]NSCA Certification Commission Official Web site: www.nsca-cc.org
24.106.14.18 20:24, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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Nikoline Werdelin
[edit]Nikoline Werdelin, born 15 September 2006, is a modern Danish cartoonist.
Debeljača
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Debeljača is a small place on the north of Republic Serbia, in the autonom province Vojvodina. Debeljača is mostly inhabited with serbs and hungarians (hungarian name for Debeljača is Torontálvásárhely) though it is more a historical name that is not in use today neither among serbs nor hungarians. Debeljača is more than 200 years old. The first family who settled this are was Dimitrić family. Soon after they built a pub and dormitory, the settlers who were moving from austro-hungarian borders towards Danube, often came by. That is how hungarians came and settled on the place of the nowdays Debeljača.
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Davilex
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About[edit]Davilex are a small games publisher and developer based in the Netherlands. Since 2000 they have been making games but prior to this they also made software for PC's such as virus checkers and still remain to do so today. They have released a variety of games and the list below is the full list of games that Davilex have relased in the UK. Each game is followed by a list of formats that the game was released on. London Racer (PS1, PC) London Racer II (PC, PS1, PS2) London Racer World Challenge (PC & PS2) London Racer Police Madness (PS2) London Racer Destruction Madness (PS2) Europe Racer (PS1, PC) Thames Racer (PC) Holiday Racer (PC) USA Racer (PC, PS2, PS1 & Gameboy Advance) Knight Rider The Game 1 & 2 (PC & PS2) Beach King Stunt Racer (PC & PS2) Miami Vice (PC, XBOX, PS2) SAS Anti Terror Force (PS2) Red Baron (PS2) The games are priced at a budget price, usally at around the £15 to £20 mark. Davilex managed to aquire the Miami Vice and Knight Rider rights from Universal in 2002, and since have released 2 Knight Rider games, both made and published by Davilex themselves and Miami Vice which was developed under Atomic Planet Entertainment who later developed SAS and Red Baron. Most Davilex games are met with high critism from magazines and internet sites. The only exception has been London Racer World Challenge that although was similar to the dismal London Racer II had loads more tracks and cars. This particular game received the highest rating for any Davilex game given my PSM2 magazine, at 60%. Future[edit]It is unknown as to whether Davilex still own the rights to Miami Vice, as the new Miami Vice game based on the new movie has been published and developed by other groups and is a full price game. It is believed they still own the Knight Rider rights and judging from the 'gaps' Davilex leave between releasing Knight Rider games, there should be a new game come the end of 2006. Davilex also strive to release a London Racer game pretty much on a yearly basis except 2004, so another London Racer game is possible. 81.77.14.157 20:51, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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Nevin Barich
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Previously, Barich worked for more than six years as a sportswriter and copy editor for the Los Angeles Daily News. Put on the Daily News staff in 1998 at the age of 18, Barich became the youngest Editorial staff member in the history of the newspaper, covering a variety of high school, college and professional sports during his tenure there. In 2001, Barich received the Allan Malamud Scholarship, an award given annually to the top Jewish college-age sporswriter in California. Barich graduated from California State University Northridge in 2001 with a degree in Broadcast Journalism.
Sources[edit]www.nationalnotary.org http://www.jewishjournal.com/home/preview.php?id=6391
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Just Travel
[edit]Nevin Barich
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Previously, Barich worked for more than six years as a sportswriter and copy editor for the Los Angeles Daily News. Put on the Daily News staff in 1998 at the age of 18, Barich became the youngest Editorial staff member in the history of the newspaper, covering a variety of high school, college and professional sports during his tenure there. In 2001, Barich received the Allan Malamud Scholarship, an award given annually to the top Jewish college-age sporswriter in California. Barich graduated from California State University Northridge in 2001 with a degree in Broadcast Journalism.
Sources[edit]www.nationalnotary.org http://www.jewishjournal.com/home/preview.php?id=6391
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Helen Vanderburg
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Her list of achievements is more than 20 years long; 1971 - Gold medal, Junior Canadian Championship. 1972 - Gold medal, Junior Canadian Championship. 1973 - Gold medal, Junior Canadian Championship.
1977 - Won senior crowns in figures and duet.
1978 - won the gold medal in solo and duet at the World Aquatic Games in Berlin.
1979 - Gold medals in solo and duet at the Pan American Games in Puerto Rico.
1980 - Inducted in the Alberta Hall of Fame. 1982 - Opened Heavens Fitness, which has growen and still exists today. 1983 - Inducted into the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame. 1996 - Awarded IDEA Program Director of the Year.
2001 - Awarded the Mall Peepre Memorial Award by the National Fitness Leadership Advisory Council (NFLAC).
2005 - Awarded IDEA Fitness Instructor of the Year. Today Helen owns and manages Heavens Fitness as well as Fountian Park Fitness clubs. Still very active, if she is not busy presenting workshops or instructiong classes she can be found raising her 2 daughters, Kaya and Sage with husband Terry Kane. Sources[edit]
68.144.60.83 21:06, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
jd
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Tresana
[edit]call center
[edit]the West Texan
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Sources[edit]http://www.spjfw.org/ec05/p1_jul05.html http://www.cartermuseum.org/pr/newdocs/rembrz95.htm
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Harry Pulliam Biography
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Sources[edit]Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract Revised Edition Bill James author (Publisher Free Press - Simon & Schuster New York) pages 83-84 inclusive. The New Biographical History Of Baseball Dewey and Acocella authors / editors (Publisher Triumph Books Chicago) pages 335 - 336 inclusive.
John A. Hawkins 207.179.167.210 21:34, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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Jean Blondet
[edit]Richard Wear
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Richard Wear is a 16 year old cricketer playing at Denholme Cricket Club in the Craven and District Cricket league. He has a top score of 125 along with a 100 not out and a 90 not out in senior cricket. He has a wickets tally of 38 in senior cricket this year.
Sources[edit]www.denholme.play-cricket.com
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Shane Minor
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Shane Minor was a former Mr. USA who posed nude for Playgirl and appeared as their cover model in July 1994. He was was born May 3, 1968 in Modesto, California. The outfit that Shane was wearing as Playgirl's cover model was by a company called "Body Body Wear" that still features pictures of Shane and Playgirl's July 1994 cover. Shane tried to use his Mr. USA title and Playgirl appearances to launch an acting career. He made a few inroads, but commercial success in acting has thus far eluded him (see http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0591589/).
Sources[edit]http://www.bodybodywear.com/html/media_mag_playgirl.html http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0591589/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playgirl 75.21.236.80 22:07, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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Emilie du Châtelet
[edit]Hustler State
[edit]Biography
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Jonathan Sagalle was born to Israeli parents in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1962. Several members of his family were survivors of the Holocaust, who then emmigrated to Israel, then to Canada. His family didn't stay in Canada for long,then having brief stays in Hollywood and London, before finally moving to Haifa, Israel when Jonathan was eleven years old. At a young age, Jonathan did stagework for local Israeli theaters. At age seventeen, he was granted the role of lady's man Bobby in the cult Israeli film, Lemon Popsicle (Eskimo Limon). Lemon Popsicle did tremendously well with later multiple sequels. He is better known to American audiences as Poldek Pfefferberg from Schindler's List, the Polish Jewish black market extaordinare. He now resides in Haifa, Israel where he most recently wrote for the Israeli-Palestinian collaboration of Sesame Street.
Sources[edit]www.Schindlerslist.com www.imdb.com
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J.D.Michaels
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"Superstar" J.D. Michaels; pro-wrestler Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Height: 5'11', Weight: 215 lbs. Born: Sept 17, 1982 Real name: Jordan Danyluk Also known as Canadian Showstopper. Heritage: Ukranian. He began wrestling at age 17 after competing in several other sports, including hockey, soccer, martial arts and football. In his senior year of high school, he was the recipient of the HeadHunter Award for the most sacks in one season. JD is road trained with various other veteran professional wrestlers, including Lance Storm. He bears an uncanny resemblance to WWE wrestler, Shawn Michaels. Many say he is related. Works mostly in Canada, USA and Europe but recently turned down a JAPAN tour due to getting visa issues settled first. Is engaged to marry April Hunter, centerfold model and pro-wrestler. Promotions worked: Stampede (Calgary), AWE (Winnipeg), PowerZone Wrestling (Lethbridge), UXW (NYC),TNT Pro Wrestling/Ward Family(based in VA), France-Catch, Maryland Championship Wrestling, MXW (CT), ABC Wrestling (NJ), NWA Upstate (NY), FNW (PA), OVW (OHIO), Canadian Championship Wrestling (Canada), NWA Pacific, Victory Pro (NY), etc. Has had WWE tryouts, including a match teaming with Teddy Hart vs. Basham Brothers for Velocity. Trademark moves: Powerbomb backbreaker Missile back elbow Top rop elbow Rolling guillotine fist drop Seeing Stars (triple spinning forearm) Official website: www.jdmichaels.net
Sources[edit]Taken from his official website www.jdmichaels.net confirmed here, too: www.myspace.com/jd_michaels
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Moreton, Thame, Oxfordshire
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In the past the main occupation of the inhabitants was farming — there being at least seven farms and more than 30 cottages, the majority housing the farm labourers. A decline in agriculture greatly reduced the size of the village and eventually led to the closure of the Methodist chapel, the school and the shop. The bottom of the decline came in the 1950s and today there are about 50 houses/cottages, plus two farms and a smallholding, all family-owned and run. The majority of Moreton’s older buildings cluster at the east end of the hamlet surrounding the green and the two ponds. They then trail thinly up to the war memorial which was erected in 1920. On from the war memorial is a small, but mixed, collection of houses. Although to car users Moreton only has one road in and the same road out, its roads were passable once. Until well into the 18th century, the main thoroughfare from Aylesbury to Tetsworth and Wallingford ran through Moreton. The needlemakers of Long Crendon made use of this road twice a year to send their goods via stage coach for sale in London. Before that, it was used by the Roundheads, who would have passed through carrying the mortally wounded John Hampden from the battle of Chalgrove to Thame in 1643. Like many villages (and towns) in Oxfordshire, Moreton was troubled by pillaging during the Civil War. This era is the one that appears to have produced the ‘troubled spirit’ that haunts Brook Cottage. The various happenings have been recorded by Mr Ron Mott (now an inhabitant of Thame) who was born in the cottage. He remembers his parents occasionally referring to hearing the ‘Old Man’s’ rat-tat on the door and heavy footsteps on the brick path outside. Until early in the 20th century, Moreton was a two-pub hamlet with the Bell at one end and the Royal Oak at the other,both now closed ; the buildings being used as dwelling houses.
Village information is taken from: The New Oxfordshire Village Book
Sources[edit]Village information is taken from: The New Oxfordshire Village Book
88.106.107.235 22:46, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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Jinke
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Tianjin Jinke Electronics Co., LTD A Hong Kong based company currently developing a line of e-book readers that use the new epaper technology. The software for their line of readers will allow the user to convert any document they can print into the ebook reader's format. This differs from most other ebook readers that have used a proprietary format.
Sources[edit]http://www.jinke.com.cn/compagesql/English/index.asp
64.73.76.107 22:55, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
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Bloginfluence
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The real values that are used: Technorati blog and post links Yahoo web links Bloglines feed subscriptions Google Page Rank Sources[edit]Creator post on his blog about bloginfluence in basque
82.130.223.23 23:00, 25 July 2006 (UTC) conspiracy
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House Master Boyz
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Early "chicago House" pioneers who released seminal House track "House Nation" an underground & club hit with it's stuttered lyrics "hos ne hos ne hose House nation" became a massive underground tune in 1987 during the acid house years in the UK.
Sources[edit]The single "House Nation" was then re-released & reached number number 8 in the uk singles chart bringing Chicago House to the masses (Guinness Hit Singles & albums 17th Edition) on the Magnetic Dance label (catologue Number MAGD 1)
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![[8]](http://www.amiga.org/modules/myalbum/photos/2373.jpg){kind=link}
