Vadi language
Appearance
| Vadi | |
|---|---|
| tsɨVaɗi | |
| Native to | Nigeria |
| Region | Niger State |
| Ethnicity | Kambari |
Native speakers | 130,000 (2011)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tvd Tsuvadi |
| Glottolog | tsuv1239 |
| ELP | Tsuvadi |
| Vaɗi | |
|---|---|
| People | Avaɗi |
| Language | Tsɨvaɗi |
| Gaɗi | |
|---|---|
| People | Agaɗi |
| Language | Tsɨgaɗi |
The Vadi language, Tsuvadi, is a Kainji language of Nigeria spoken by the Kambari people.
Kakihum (or Gadi, Gaɗi),[citation needed] is a dialect.
Phonology
[edit]Consonants
[edit]| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | pal. | plain | pal. | lab. | plain | pal. | lab. | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | nʲ | (ɲ) | (ŋ) | ||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | kʲ | kʷ | ʔ | ʔʲ | ʔʷ | ||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ɡʲ | ɡʷ | ||||||
| implosive | ɓ | ɗ | |||||||||
| Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | t͡ʃ | ||||||||
| voiced | d͡z | d͡ʒ | |||||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | (f) | s | ʃ | h | hʲ | hʷ | ||||
| voiced | v | z | ʒ | ||||||||
| Tap/Trill | ɾ ~ r | ɾʲ | |||||||||
| Approximant | l | lʲ | j | w | |||||||
- /f/ only rarely occurs.
- /ɾ/ can be heard as either a tap [ɾ] or a trill [r] in free variation.
- /n/ as a homorganic nasal, can be heard as palatal [ɲ] when preceding a palatal or post-alveolar consonant, and as velar [ŋ] when preceding a velar or glottal consonant.
- /nʲ/ may also be heard as a palatal nasal [ɲ].[2]
Vowels
[edit]| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| oral | nasal | oral | nasal | oral | nasal | |
| High | i iː | ĩ ĩː | (ɨ ɨː) | (ɨ̃ ɨ̃ː) | u uː | ũ ũː |
| High-mid | o oː | õ õː | ||||
| Low-mid | ɛ ɛː | ɛ̃ ɛ̃ː | ɔ ɔː | ɔ̃ ɔ̃ː | ||
| Low | a aː | ã ãː | ||||
- The status of [ɨ] is only heard as an alternate of sounds /i, u/ within speech, as well as its lengthened and nasalized equivalents.
- The sounds of /ɛ, ɛ̃, ɛː, ɛ̃ː/ may be heard as more close-mid [e, ẽ, eː, ẽː] across dialects.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ Vadi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Buttacavoli, Ryan (2022). A Phonological Sketch of the Tsuvaɗi Language with a Focus on the Tsudugu Dialect. SIL Nigeria.
- ^ Blench, Roger (2007). A sketch of the phonology and an extended wordlist of TsuVaɗi, a Kambari language of Western Nigeria.