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User:Twillisjr/Cancer timeline

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This is a timeline of Cancer research

Early cancer interventions (1775-1913)

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Pharmaceuticals for Treatments (1960s-2011)

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Case Studies (2015)

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Progress as of October 25, 2015
Cancer Type Studied Final

Number of Cases [1]

Data Publicly Available TCGA Analysis Findings
Glioblastoma Multiforme 528 X GBM subtypes Classical, Mesenchymal and Proneural are defined by EGFR, NF1, and PDGFRA/IDH1 mutations respectively;[2] Over 40% of tumors have mutations in chromatin-modifier genes;[3] Other frequently mutated genes include TP53, PlK3R1, PIK3CA, IDH1, PTEN, RB1, LZTR1[4]
Lower Grade Glioma 516 X Defined three subtypes the correlate with patient outcomes: IDH1 mutant with 1p/19q deletion, IDH mutant without 1p/19q deletion, and IDH wildtype; IDH wildtype is genomically similar to glioblastoma[5]
Breast Lobular Carcinoma 127[6] X Lobular Carcinoma distinct from Ductal Carcinoma; FOXA1 elevated in Lobular Carcinoma, GATA3 in Ductal Carcinoma; Lobular Carcinoma enriched for PTEN loss and Akt activation[7]
Breast Ductal Carcinoma > 800 X Four subtypes Basal, Her2, Luminal A, Luminal B differed in genomic profile; most common driver mutations TP53, PIK3CA, GATA3; Basal subtype similar to Serous Ovarian Cancer[6]
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma 632 X Colon and Rectal cancers have similar genomic profiles; Hypermutated subtype (16% of samples) mostly found in right colon and associated with favorable prognosis; New Potential drivers: ARlD1A, SOX9, FAM123B/WTX; Overexpression of: ERBB2, IGF2; mutations in the WNT pathway[8]
Stomach Adenocarcinoma 443 X Identified four subytpes: EBV characterized by Epstein-Bar virus infection, MSI (microsatellite instability) characterized by hypermutation, GS characterized by genomic stability, CIN characterized by chromosomal instability; CIN enriched for mutations in tyrosine kinases[9]
Esophageal Carcinoma 185 X
Ovarian Serous Cystadenocarcinoma 586 X Mutations in TP53 occurred in 96% of the cases studied;[10] Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 occurred in 21% of the cases and were associated with more favorable outcomes[11]
Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma 548 X Classified endometrial cancers into four categories: POLE ultramutated, MSI (microsatellite instability) hypermutated, Copy-number low, Copy-number high; Uterine serous carcinomas have similar genomic profiles to Ovarian serous and Basal-like Breast carcinomas and less favorable prognoses than Uterine endometriod carcniomas[12]
Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma 308 X
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma 528 X Identified genomic features of HPV related and smoking related cancers: HPV positive characterized by shortened or deleted TRAF3, HPV negative characterized by co-amplification of 11q13 and 11q22, smoking related characterized by TP53 mutations, CDKN2A inactivation, copy number alterations[13]
Thyroid Carcinoma 507 X Majority driven by RAS or BRAFV600E mutations; tumors driven by these mutations are distinct[14]
Acute Myeloid Leukemia 200 X AML tumors contained very few mutations compared to other cancer types, only 13 coding mutations on average per tumor; Classified driver events into nine categories including transcription factor fusions, histone modifier mutations, spliceosome mutations and others
Cutaneous Melanoma 470 X Established four subtypes of cutaneous melanoma, BRAF mutant, RAS mutant, NF1 mutant, and Triple Wild-Type based on driver mutations; Higher levels of immune lymphocyte infiltration correlated with better patient survival
Lung Adenocarcinoma 521 X Lung adenocarcinomas contain a very high average number of mutations; 76 percent of lung adenocarcinoma tumors studied demonstrated activation of receptor tyrosine kinase pathways[15]
Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma 504 X Lung Squamous Cell Carcinomas contain a high average number of mutations and copy number aberrations; like Ovarian Serous Cystadenocarcinoma almost all Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma tumors studied contained a mutation in TP53; Many tumors contained inactivating mutations in HLA-A that may help the cancer avoid immune detection[16]
Clear Cell Carcinoma 536 X Commonly mutated genes included VHL involved in oxygen sensing, SED2 involved in epigenetic modification resulting in global hypomethylation, and genes of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway; Metabolic shift similar to the Warburg effect correlates with a poor prognosis[17]
Kidney Papillary Carcinoma 291 X
Invasive Urothelial Bladder Cancer 412 X Smoking is associated with risk of Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma; Frequently mutated genes included TP53 which was inactivated in 76 percent of tumors studied, ERBB2 (HER2), genes in the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/RAS pathways altered in 44 percent;[18]
Prostate Adenocarcinoma 498 X
Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma 66 X Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma has a low rate of mutation compared to most cancers including Clear Cell Carcinoma; Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma originates from more distal regions of the kidney compared to Clear Cell Carcinoma which is primarily from proximal regions; Metabolic shift in Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma is distinct from the Warburg effect- like shift observed in Clear Cell Carcinoma; TP53 and PTEN tumor suppressor genes were frequently mutated; TERT gene promoter was frequently altered[19]
Adrenocortical Carcinoma 80 X
Paraganglioma & Pheochromocytoma 179 X
Cholangiocarcinoma 36 X
Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma 377 X
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma 185 X
Uterine Carcinosarcoma 57 X
Uveal Melanoma 80 X
Thymoma 124 X
Sarcoma 261 X
Mesothelioma 87 X
Testicular Germ Cell Cancer 150 X

References

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  1. ^ "The Cancer Genome Atlas - Data Portal". tcga-data.nci.nih.gov. Retrieved 2015-10-27.
  2. ^ Verhaak, Roel G.W.; Hoadley, Katherine A.; Purdom, Elizabeth; Wang, Victoria; Qi, Yuan; Wilkerson, Matthew D.; Miller, C. Ryan; Ding, Li; Golub, Todd (2010-01-19). "An integrated genomic analysis identifies clinically relevant subtypes of glioblastoma characterized by abnormalities in PDGFRA, IDH1, EGFR and NF1". Cancer Cell. 17 (1): 98–110. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.020. ISSN 1535-6108. PMC 2818769. PMID 20129251.
  3. ^ Brennan, Cameron W.; Verhaak, Roel G. W.; McKenna, Aaron; Campos, Benito; Noushmehr, Houtan; Salama, Sofie R.; Zheng, Siyuan; Chakravarty, Debyani; Sanborn, J. Zachary (2013-10-10). "The somatic genomic landscape of glioblastoma". Cell. 155 (2): 462–477. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.034. ISSN 1097-4172. PMC 3910500. PMID 24120142.
  4. ^ McLendon, Roger; Friedman, Allan; Bigner, Darrell; Meir, Erwin G. Van; Brat, Daniel J.; Mastrogianakis, Gena M.; Olson, Jeffrey J.; Mikkelsen, Tom; Lehman, Norman (2008-10-23). "Comprehensive genomic characterization defines human glioblastoma genes and core pathways". Nature. 455 (7216): 1061–1068. doi:10.1038/nature07385. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 2671642. PMID 18772890.
  5. ^ "Comprehensive, Integrative Genomic Analysis of Diffuse Lower-Grade Gliomas". New England Journal of Medicine. 372 (26): 2481–2498. 2015-06-25. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1402121. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 4530011. PMID 26061751.
  6. ^ a b Network, The Cancer Genome Atlas (2012-10-04). "Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours". Nature. 490 (7418): 61–70. doi:10.1038/nature11412. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 3465532. PMID 23000897.
  7. ^ Ciriello, Giovanni; Gatza, Michael L.; Beck, Andrew H.; Wilkerson, Matthew D.; Rhie, Suhn K.; Pastore, Alessandro; Zhang, Hailei; McLellan, Michael; Yau, Christina (2015-08-10). "Comprehensive Molecular Portraits of Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer". Cell. 163 (2): 506–519. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.033. ISSN 0092-8674. PMC 4603750. PMID 26451490.
  8. ^ Network, The Cancer Genome Atlas (2012-07-19). "Comprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer". Nature. 487 (7407): 330–337. doi:10.1038/nature11252. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 3401966. PMID 22810696.
  9. ^ Bass, Adam J.; Thorsson, Vesteinn; Shmulevich, Ilya; Reynolds, Sheila M.; Miller, Michael; Bernard, Brady; Hinoue, Toshinori; Laird, Peter W.; Curtis, Christina (2014-07-23). "Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma". Nature. 513 (7517): 202–209. doi:10.1038/nature13480. PMC 4170219. PMID 25079317.
  10. ^ "Integrated Genomic Analyses of Ovarian Carcinoma". Nature. 474 (7353): 609–615. 2011-06-29. doi:10.1038/nature10166. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 3163504. PMID 21720365.
  11. ^ "ASsociation between brca1 and brca2 mutations and survival in women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer". JAMA. 307 (4): 382–389. 2012-01-25. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.20. ISSN 0098-7484. PMC 3727895. PMID 22274685.
  12. ^ Network, The Cancer Genome Atlas Research (2013-05-02). "Integrated genomic characterization of endometrial carcinoma". Nature. 497 (7447): 67–73. doi:10.1038/nature12113. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 3704730. PMID 23636398.
  13. ^ "Comprehensive genomic characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas". Nature. 517 (7536): 576–582. 2015-01-29. doi:10.1038/nature14129. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 4311405. PMID 25631445.
  14. ^ Agrawal, Nishant; Akbani, Rehan; Aksoy, B. Arman; Ally, Adrian; Arachchi, Harindra; Asa, Sylvia L.; Auman, J. Todd; Balasundaram, Miruna; Balu, Saianand. "Integrated Genomic Characterization of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma". Cell. 159 (3): 676–690. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.050. ISSN 0092-8674. PMC 4243044. PMID 25417114.
  15. ^ "Comprehensive molecular profiling of lung adenocarcinoma". Nature. 511 (7511): 543–550. 2014-07-31. doi:10.1038/nature13385. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 4231481. PMID 25079552.
  16. ^ Network, The Cancer Genome Atlas Research (2012-09-27). "Comprehensive genomic characterization of squamous cell lung cancers". Nature. 489 (7417): 519–525. doi:10.1038/nature11404. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 3466113. PMID 22960745.
  17. ^ "Comprehensive molecular characterization of clear cell renal cell carcinoma". Nature. 499 (7456): 43–49. 2013-07-04. doi:10.1038/nature12222. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 3771322. PMID 23792563.
  18. ^ "Comprehensive molecular characterization of urothelial bladder carcinoma". Nature. 507 (7492): 315–322. 2014-03-20. doi:10.1038/nature12965. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 3962515. PMID 24476821.
  19. ^ Davis, Caleb F.; Ricketts, Christopher J.; Wang, Min; Yang, Lixing; Cherniack, Andrew D.; Shen, Hui; Buhay, Christian; Kang, Hyojin; Kim, Sang Cheol (2014-09-08). "The Somatic Genomic Landscape of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma". Cancer Cell. 26 (3): 319–330. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2014.07.014. PMC 4160352. PMID 25155756.
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