User:Twhrl - Wikipedia

Chaetognatha (arrow worms) Gnathostomulida (jaw worms)
M+S	Micrognathozoa (Limnognathia) Syndermata Rotifera (wheel animals) Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worms)

Platytrochozoa

R+M

Rouphozoa	Platyhelminthes (flatworms) Gastrotricha (hairybacks)
Mesozoa	Orthonectida Dicyemida or Rhombozoa Monoblastozoa (Salinella)†

Lophotrochozoa

M+K

Mollusca (molluscs)

Kryptotrochozoa

Nemertea (ribbon worms)

Lophophorata

Bryozoa s.l.	Entoprocta or Kamptozoa Ectoprocta (moss animals)
Brachiozoa	Brachiopoda (lamp shells) Phoronida (horseshoe worms)

The phylogeny of Bilateria is disputed; see also: Nephrozoa; Deuterostomia; Xenambulacraria; Centroneuralia

Major groups
within phyla

Sponges
Cnidarians
Chordates
Echinoderms
Hemichordates
- Acorn worms
- Pterobranchs
Nematodes
Arthropods
Platyhelminths
Ectoproctans
Annelids
Molluscs

Phyla with ≥1000 extant species bolded

Potentially dubious phyla †

v t e Anatomy and morphology
Fields	Gross anatomy Superficial anatomy Neuroanatomy brain morphometry Comparative anatomy Microscopic anatomy histology molecular Morphometrics
Bacteria and fungi	Bacterial cell structure cellular morphologies morphological plasticity Colonial morphology Lichen morphology
Protists	Structures
Plants	Plant anatomy fruit Plant habit Plant life-form Plant morphology reproductive Soil morphology
Invertebrates	Decapod anatomy Gastropod anatomy Insect morphology Diptera Odonata Spider anatomy Arthropod cuticle
Mammals	Human anatomy Neanderthal anatomy Cat anatomy Dog anatomy Horse anatomy Elephant anatomy Giraffe anatomy
Other vertebrates	Amphibian anatomy Bird anatomy Fish anatomy Shark anatomy
Glossaries	Anatomical terminology Anatomical terms of location Glossary of dinosaur anatomy Glossary of plant morphology leaf morphology
Related topics	Allometry Anatomical variation Anatomical plane Body plan Form classification Gracility Hertwig rule History of anatomy 19th century Physiognomy Standard anatomical position Transcendental anatomy
Category Portal Index of anatomy articles

Botany

Subdisciplines

Plant groups

Plant anatomy

Plant morphology
(glossary)

Plant cells	Cell wall Phragmoplast Plastid Plasmodesma Vacuole
Tissues	Cork Ground tissue Mesophyll Meristem Storage organs Vascular tissue Vascular bundle Wood
Vegetative	Bulb Root Rhizoid Rhizome Shoot Bud Leaf Cataphyll Petiole Sessility Stem
Reproductive (incl. Flower)	Archegonium Antheridium Androecium Pollen Stamen Anther Filament Staminode Tapetum Flower Aestivation Flower development Floral diagram Floral formula Floral symmetry Whorl Fruit Anatomy Berry Capsule Nut Pyrena Seed Dispersal Endosperm Gametophyte Gynandrium Gynoecium Carpel Ovary Locule Ovule Stigma Style Hypanthium (Floral cup) Inflorescence Bract Pedicellate Raceme Umbel Perianth Tepal Petal Sepal Plant embryo Receptacle Sporophyll Sporophyte
Surface structures	Cuticle Epicuticular wax Epidermis Nectar Stoma Thorns, spines, and prickles Trichome

Plant physiology
Materials

Plant growth
and habit

Reproduction

Plant taxonomy

Practice

Lists
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Category

Elements of nature

Origin (abiogenesis) Evolutionary history Biosphere Hierarchy Biology astrobiology
Biodiversity Organism Eukaryota fauna animals flora plants fungi protista Prokaryotes archaea bacteria Viruses

See also

Nature-based solutions

Category

Biology

Overview	Science Life Properties (Adaptation, Energy processing, Growth, Order, Regulation, Reproduction (Self-replication), Response to environment) Hierarchy of life (Atom > Molecule > Organelle > Cell > Tissue > Organ > Organ system > Organism > Population > Community > Ecosystem > Biosphere) Reductionistic Emergent property Mechanistic Scientific method Taxonomic rank Theory Law Peer review Biology journals Common name
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Cells	ATP Cell cycle Cell theory Cell signaling Cellular respiration Energy transformation Enzyme Eukaryote Fermentation Metabolism Meiosis Mitosis Photosynthesis Prokaryote
Genetics	DNA Epigenetics Evolutionary developmental biology Gene expression Gene regulation Genomes Mendelian inheritance Post-transcriptional modification
Evolution	Adaptation Earliest known life forms Function Genetic drift Gene flow History of life Macroevolution Microevolution Mutation Natural selection Phylogenetics Speciation Taxonomy
Diversity	Archaea Bacteria Eukaryote Alga Animal Fungus Plant Protist Virus
Plant form and function	Epidermis (botany) Flower Ground tissue Leaf Phloem Plant stem Root Shoot Vascular plant Vascular tissue Xylem
Animal form and function	Breathing Circulatory system Endocrine system Digestive system Homeostasis Immune system Internal environment Muscular system Nervous system Reproductive system Respiratory system
Ecology	Biogeochemical cycle Biological interaction Biomass Biomes Biosphere Climate Climate change Community Conservation Ecosystem Habitat niche Microbiome Population dynamics Resources

Research
methods

Laboratory techniques	Genetic engineering Transformation Gel electrophoresis Chromatography Centrifugation Cell culture DNA sequencing DNA microarray Green fluorescent protein vector Enzyme assay Protein purification Western blot Northern blot Southern blot Restriction enzyme Polymerase chain reaction Two-hybrid screening in vivo in vitro in silico
Field techniques	Belt transect mark and recapture species discovery curve

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Glossaries

v t e Earth
Outline History
Atmosphere	Atmosphere of Earth Prebiotic atmosphere Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere Weather
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Geophysics	Earth structure Fluid dynamics Geomagnetism Magnetosphere Mineral physics Seismology Plate tectonics Signal processing Tomography
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Oceans	Antarctic/Southern Ocean Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Oceanography
Planetary science	The Moon Evolution of the Solar System Geology of solar terrestrial planets Location in the Universe Solar System
Category

Clinical research and experimental design

Overview

Controlled study
(EBM I to II-1)

Observational study
(EBM II-2 to II-3)

Measures

Occurrence	Incidence, Cumulative incidence, Prevalence, Point prevalence, Period prevalence
Association	Risk difference, Number needed to treat, Number needed to harm, Risk ratio, Relative risk reduction, Odds ratio, Hazard ratio
Population impact	Attributable fraction among the exposed, Attributable fraction for the population, Preventable fraction among the unexposed, Preventable fraction for the population
Other	Clinical endpoint, Virulence, Infectivity, Mortality rate, Morbidity, Case fatality rate, Specificity and sensitivity, Likelihood-ratios, Pre- and post-test probability

Trial/test types

Analysis of clinical trials

Interpretation of results

v t e Lists of World Heritage Sites
Locations	Africa Americas North America Central America Caribbean South America Asia Eastern Northern and Central Southeast Southern Western Europe Eastern Northern Southern Western Oceania
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v t e Mountain ranges of China
Geography of China
Northwestern	Altai Mountains Dzungarian Alatau Tian Shan Borohoro Mountains Tarbagatai Mountains Kunlun Mountains Altyn-Tagh Qilian Mountains Helan Mountains Liupan Mountains
Qinghai-Tibet and Southwestern	Himalayas Transhimalaya Pamir Mountains Karakoram Argu Tagh Yengisogat Kunlun Mountains Hoh Xil Bayan Har Mountains Amne Machin Tanggula Mountains Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains Hengduan Mountains Gaoligong Mountains Yunling Mountains Ailao Mountains Qionglai Mountains Daxue Mountains Min Mountains
Northeast	Greater Khingan Lesser Khingan Changbai Mountains Wanda Mountains Qian Mountains
North and East	Yin Mountains Lang Mountains Lüliang Mountains Taihang Mountains Zhongtiao Mountains Mount Tai Tianmu Mountain Yandang Mountains Wuyi Mountains
Central	Qinling Daba Mountains Wudang Mountains Jingshan Mountains Dabie Mountains Luoxiao Mountains Jiuling Mountains Mufu Mountains Wugong Mountains Huangshan Wuling Mountains Xuefeng Mountains
South	Cang Mountain Daliang Mountains Dalou Mountains Nanling Mountains Jiuyi Mountains Yuecheng Mountains Longmen Mountains Western Mountains
Landforms of China

Philosophy

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Free will	Compatibilism Determinism Hard Incompatibilism Hard Libertarianism
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Ontology	Action Event Process
Reality	Anti-realism Conceptualism Idealism Materialism Naturalism Nominalism Physicalism Realism

By era

Ancient

Chinese	Agriculturalism Confucianism Legalism Logicians Mohism Chinese naturalism Taoism Yangism
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Indian	Hindu Samkhya Nyaya Vaisheshika Yoga Mīmāṃsā Ājīvika Ajñana Cārvāka Jain Anekantavada Syādvāda Buddhist Abhidharma Sarvāstivadā Pudgalavada Sautrāntika Madhyamaka Svatantrika and Prasangika Śūnyatā Yogacara Tibetan
Persian	Mazdakism Mithraism Zoroastrianism Zurvanism

Medieval

East Asian	Neotaoism Tiantai Huayan Chan Zen Neo-Confucianism Korean Confucianism
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Islamic	Aristotelianism Averroism Avicennism Illuminationism ʿIlm al-Kalām Sufi
Jewish	Judeo-Islamic

Modern

People

Contemporary

Analytic	Applied ethics Analytic feminism Analytical Marxism Communitarianism Consequentialism Critical rationalism Experimental philosophy Falsificationism Foundationalism / Coherentism Internalism and externalism Logical positivism Legal positivism Meta-ethics Moral realism Quinean naturalism Normative ethics Ordinary language philosophy Postanalytic philosophy Quietism Rawlsian Reformed epistemology Systemics Scientism Scientific realism Scientific skepticism Transactionalism Contemporary utilitarianism Vienna Circle Wittgensteinian
Continental	Critical theory Deconstruction Existentialism Feminist Frankfurt School Hermeneutics Neo-Marxism New Historicism Phenomenology Posthumanism Postmodernism Post-structuralism Social constructionism Structuralism Western Marxism
Miscellaneous	Kyoto School Objectivism Postcritique Russian cosmism

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Philosophy portal
Category

v t e Sacred Mountains of China
Five Great Mountains	Tai Hua Heng (Hunan) Heng (Shanxi) Song
Four Sacred Chinese Buddhist Mountains	Emei Jiuhua Putuo Wutai
Four Sacred Tibetan Buddhist Mountains	Kawagarbo Amne Machin Rinpoche (Kailash) Ghado Jobo
Four Sacred Taoist Mountains	Wudang Longhu Qiyun Qingcheng
Three Sacred Mountains	Tian Shan Changbai Kunlun
Three Famous Mountains	Huang Lushan Yandang
Five Garrison Mountains	Yi Wu Kuaiji Yiwulü Huo
Other Sacred Mountains	Lao Zhongnan Gongga Qomolangma (Everest) Three Holy Peaks of Nyidên, Dabba (Yading)

Humanities

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Anthropology
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Interdisciplinary fields	Digital Environmental Health Medical Public

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Abductive reasoning
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Culture
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Moral character
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Work of art

Journals

Academia

v t e Photography
Equipment	Camera light-field digital field instant phone pinhole press rangefinder SLR still TLR toy view Darkroom enlarger safelight Film base format holder stock available films discontinued films Filter Flash beauty dish cucoloris gobo hot shoe lens hood monolight reflector snoot softbox Lens long-focus prime zoom wide-angle fisheye swivel telephoto Manufacturers Monopod Movie projector Slide projector Tripod head Zone plate
Terminology	35 mm equivalent focal length Angle of view Aperture Backscatter Black-and-white Chromatic aberration Circle of confusion Clipping Color balance Color temperature Depth of field Depth of focus Exposure Exposure compensation Exposure value Zebra patterning F-number Film format large medium Film speed Focal length Guide number Hyperfocal distance Lens flare Metering mode Perspective distortion Photograph Photographic printing Albumen Photographic processes Reciprocity Red-eye effect Science of photography Shutter speed Sync Zone System
Genres	Abstract Aerial Aircraft Architectural Astrophotography Banquet Candid Conceptual Conservation Cloudscape Documentary Eclipse Ethnographic Erotic Fashion Fine-art Fire Forensic Glamour High-speed Landscape Monochrome Nature Neues Sehen Nude Photojournalism Pictorialism Pornography Portrait Post-mortem Ruins Selfie space selfie Social documentary Sports Still life Stock Straight photography Street Underwater Vernacular Wedding Wildlife
Techniques	Afocal Blur Bokeh Brenizer Burst mode Contre-jour Crittercam (Pigeon photography) ETTR Fill flash Fireworks Hand-colouring Harris shutter High-speed Holography Infrared Intentional camera movement Kirlian Kite aerial Lo-fi photography Lomography Long-exposure Luminogram Macro Mordançage Multiple exposure Multi-exposure HDR capture Night Panning Panoramic Photogram Print toning Redscale Rephotography Rollout Scanography Schlieren photography Sabattier effect Slow motion Stereoscopy Stopping down Strip Slit-scan Sprocket hole Sun printing Tilt–shift Miniature faking Time-lapse Ultraviolet Vignetting Xerography Zoom burst
Composition	Diagonal method Framing Headroom Lead room Rule of thirds Simplicity Golden triangle (composition)
History	Timeline of photography technology Ambrotype Film photography Autochrome Lumière Box camera Calotype Camera obscura Daguerreotype Dufaycolor Heliography Lippmann plate Painted photography backdrops Photography and the law Glass plate Tintype Visual arts
Regional	Albania Bangladesh Canada China Denmark Greece India Japan Korea Luxembourg Norway Philippines Serbia Slovenia Sudan Taiwan Turkey Ukraine United States Uzbekistan Vietnam
Digital photography	Digital camera D-SLR MILC camera back Digiscoping Comparison of digital and film photography Film scanner Image sensor CMOS APS CCD Three-CCD camera Foveon X3 sensor Image sharing Pixel
Color photography	Print film Chromogenic print Reversal film Color management color space primary color CMYK color model RGB color model
Photographic processing	Bleach bypass C-41 process Collodion process Cross processing Cyanotype Developer Digital image processing Dye coupler E-6 process Fixer Gelatin silver process Gum printing Instant film K-14 process Print permanence Push processing Stop bath
Lists	Largest photographs Most expensive photographs Museums devoted to one photographer Photographs considered the most important Photographers Norwegian Polish street women Photography periodicals
Related	Conservation and restoration of photographs film photographic plates Polaroid art Stereoscopy Say cheese

Classical mechanics SI units

Dimensions	1	L	L²	Dimensions	1	$θ$	$θ$ ²
Linear/translational quantities				Angular/rotational quantities
T	time: $t$ s	absement: $A$ m s		T	time: $t$ s
1		distance: $d$ , position: $r$ , $s$ , $x$ , displacement m	area: $A$ m²	1		angle: $θ$ , angular displacement: $θ$ rad	solid angle: $Ω$ rad², sr
T⁻¹	frequency: $f$ s⁻¹, Hz	speed: $v$ , velocity: $v$ m s⁻¹	kinematic viscosity: $ν$ , specific angular momentum: $h$ m² s⁻¹	T⁻¹	frequency: $f$ , rotational speed: $n$ , rotational velocity: $n$ s⁻¹, Hz	angular speed: $ω$ , angular velocity: $ω$ rad s⁻¹
T⁻²		acceleration: $a$ m s⁻²		T⁻²	rotational acceleration s⁻²	angular acceleration: $α$ rad s⁻²
T⁻³		jerk: $j$ m s⁻³		T⁻³		angular jerk: $ζ$ rad s⁻³
M	mass: $m$ kg	weighted position: $M ⟨ x ⟩ = \sum m x$	moment of inertia: $I$ kg m²	ML
MT⁻¹	Mass flow rate: ${\dot {m}}$ kg s⁻¹	momentum: $p$ , impulse: $J$ kg m s⁻¹, N s	action: $𝒮$ , actergy: $ℵ$ kg m² s⁻¹, J s	MLT⁻¹		angular momentum: $L$ , angular impulse: $Δ L$ kg m rad s⁻¹
MT⁻²		force: $F$ , weight: $F g$ kg m s⁻², N	energy: $E$ , work: $W$ , Lagrangian: $L$ kg m² s⁻², J	MLT⁻²		torque: $τ$ , moment: $M$ kg m rad s⁻², N m
MT⁻³		yank: $Y$ kg m s⁻³, N s⁻¹	power: $P$ kg m² s⁻³, W	MLT⁻³		rotatum: $P$ kg m rad s⁻³, N m s⁻¹

v t e SI units
Base units	ampere candela kelvin kilogram metre mole second
Derived units with special names	becquerel coulomb degree Celsius farad gray henry hertz joule katal lumen lux newton ohm pascal radian siemens sievert steradian tesla volt watt weber
Other accepted units	astronomical unit dalton day decibel degree of arc electronvolt hectare hour litre minute minute and second of arc neper tonne
See also	Conversion of units Metric prefixes Historical definitions of the SI base units 2019 revision of the SI System of units of measurement
Category

Systems of measurement

Current

General	International System of Units (SI) UK imperial system US customary units (USCS/USC)
Specific	Apothecaries' Avoirdupois Troy Astronomical Electrical English Engineering Units (US)
Natural	Atomic Geometrised Heaviside–Lorentz Planck Quantum chromodynamical Stoney

Background

Metric	Overview Outline History Metrication
UK/US	Overview Comparison Foot–pound–second (FPS)

Historic

Metric	metre–kilogram–second (MKS) metre–tonne–second (MTS) centimetre–gram–second (CGS) gravitational
Europe	Cornish Czech Danish Dutch English Winchester Exchequer Estonian Finnish French Traditional Mesures usuelles German Greek Byzantine Hungarian Icelandic Irish Italian Latvian Luxembourgian Maltese Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Scottish Serbian Slovak Spanish Swedish Swiss Tatar Welsh
Asia	Afghan Cambodian Chinese Hong Kong Cypriot Indian Indonesian Japanese Korean Mongolian Myanmar Nepalese Omani Ottoman Pakistani Philippine Pegu Singaporean Sri Lankan Syrian Taiwanese Thai Vietnamese
Africa	Algerian Ethiopian Egyptian Eritrean Guinean Libyan Malagasy Mauritian Moroccan Seychellois Somali South African Tunisian Tanzanian
North and Central America	Costa Rican Cuban Haitian Honduran Mexican Nicaraguan Puerto Rican
South America	Argentine Bolivian Brazilian Chilean Colombian Paraguayan Peruvian Uruguayan Venezuelan

Ancient

List articles

Other