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The goal of human neuroscience research is to understand the brain mechanisms supporting cognitive and social behavior in humans, and how these mechanisms might be altered in disease states. Human neuroscience research includes work in topic areas such as memory, attention, language, and perception to topics such as interpersonal interactions, social discourse, and emotional regulation; and how these processes unfold during child development, change during adulthood, and often decline with aging; and how these processes are altered by neurological or psychiatric disorders.

Human neuroscience is also an umbrella term for several areas of neuroscience research on human behavior, including cognitive neuroscience, social neuroscience, affective neuroscience, clinical neuroscience, and developmental cognitive neuroscience.

Relation to Cognitive Neuroscience

The early history of human neuroscience is essentially the history of cognitive neuroscience. In the mid-1990s, human/cognitive neuroscience research expanded quickly^[1]^[2]^[3]. Until the early-2000s, growth in human neuroscience research was almost exclusively involved with understanding cognitive function; until then, the terms human neuroscience and cognitive neuroscience were largely synonymous. The establishment of significant subfields of human neuroscience research that did not fall solely under the moniker of "cognitive", such as social cognitive neuroscience^[4], developmental cognitive neuroscience^[5], and clinical cognitive neuroscience, has made use of the term cognitive neuroscience awkward, confusing, and exclusionist when describing the field as a whole. Although the term behavioral neuroscience would appear to capture the expansion of human neuroscience into areas of behavior beyond strictly cognitive phenomena, historically, behavioral neuroscience has been used almost exclusively to describe research with animal models. The term human neuroscience captures the breadth of the research questions being asked and the focus of these research programs on understanding the human brain and human behavior.

References

^ Bandettini, P.A. (2009). What's new in neuroimaging methods? Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1156: 260–293. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04420.x
^ Bandettini, P.A. (2012). Functional MRI: A confluence of fortunate circumstances. NeuroImage 61 (2012) A3–A11. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.130
^ Raichle, M.E. (2009). A brief history of human brain mapping. Trends in Neurosciences, 32 (2), 118-126. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.11.001
^ Ochsner, K. N. (2007). Social Cognitive Neuroscience: Historical Development, Core Principles, and Future Promise. In Kruglanksi, A., & Higgins, E. T. (Eds.). Social Psychology: A Handbook of Basic Principles (pp. 39-66). 2nd Ed. New York: Guilford Press.
^ Pennington, B.F., Snyder, K.A., Roberts Jr., R.J. (2007). Developmental cognitive neuroscience: Origins, issues, and prospects. Developmental Review, 27, 3, 428–441.

Journals

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience
NeuroImage
Human Brain Mapping

[1] Bandettini, P.A. (2009). What's new in neuroimaging methods? Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1156: 260–293. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04420.x

[2] Bandettini, P.A. (2012). Functional MRI: A confluence of fortunate circumstances. NeuroImage 61 (2012) A3–A11. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.130

[3] Raichle, M.E. (2009). A brief history of human brain mapping. Trends in Neurosciences, 32 (2), 118-126. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.11.001

[4] Ochsner, K. N. (2007). Social Cognitive Neuroscience: Historical Development, Core Principles, and Future Promise. In Kruglanksi, A., & Higgins, E. T. (Eds.). Social Psychology: A Handbook of Basic Principles (pp. 39-66). 2nd Ed. New York: Guilford Press.

[5] Pennington, B.F., Snyder, K.A., Roberts Jr., R.J. (2007). Developmental cognitive neuroscience: Origins, issues, and prospects. Developmental Review, 27, 3, 428–441.

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