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Landslide at Hatfield Colliery

This is a list of Landslips in Yorkshire. It covers land and mudslides to have occurred within the traditional county of Yorkshire.

Background

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Landslips occur all over the world wherever there are hills or mountains,[1] and the landslides themselves can have several different origins, but in Yorkshire, they are not usually caused by tectonic activity. However, glacial activity, and natural processes have left the Yorkshire Dales with several scars within its valleys which were caused by landslides.[2] Most landslides in Yorkshire are the result of water, either by saturation, groundwater changes, ingress of water into a slope, or by activity undertaken by humans that causes the event.[3] Between the years 1981 and 2000, no-one died as a result of a landslide in Britain, but several have occurred during that time. However, a mudslide at Carlton in Cleveland in 2024 recorded the death of one person.[4][5]

A large portion of the landslides in Yorkshire have occurred at the coast, with Holderness having the fastest eroding coastline in Europe (see Coastal erosion in Yorkshire).[6] Other instances of landslides, such as at Kettleness, came about because of quarrying of alum on the coast, and several landslides in Robin Hood's Bay led to a sea wall being constructed to protect the village. The landslide at Hatfield Colliery was due to waste from the colliery process when coal was washed. The high moisture content enabled the slurry to burst out of its confines and the landslide displaced the railway. Other inland slides are usually due to saturated mud, and in the case of the ones at Kex Gill, have shut the A59 road numerous times throughout the 21st century.[7]

Name Date Details Ref
Whitby 1787 A landslide on the East Cliff destroyed many of the houses on a road named Haggerlythe and a gun battery fell into the sea. Other landslides were recorded in 1870 and 1932. [8][9]
Crow Hill bog burst 2 September 1824 During a violent thunderstorm, some 1,200 cubic yards (920 m3) of bog material, was sent down the valley through Ponden, Stanbury and on through the Worth Valley. The pollutive effects of the bog material affected businesses as far down the River Aire as Leeds. [10]
Kettleness village landslide 17 December 1829 Due to the alum workings on the coast at Kettleness, the cliffs had become unstable because of the removal of the shales used in alum production. The whole village and alum works sipped into the sea, with all the local inhabitants taking shelter on a boat moored off the shore which had arrived to collect finished alum. [11]
Fewston 1880 Land in the village began to slide downhill in 1880. One local measured the slippage at 0.5 inches (13 mm) per day, and this led to a depopulation of the village. Initially, it was blamed on the building of Fewston Reservoir, but a geologist refuted this, and stated it was down to the shale strata underneath the village, being bloated from excessive rainfall over three years. [12][13]
Robin Hood's Bay Various occurrences In 1893, some houses fell into the sea from the top of the 70 feet (21 m) cliff. [14]
Dent Head landslide[note 1] February 1935 An aqueduct over the Settle–Carlisle line burst and flooded the earth around a cutting. This caused a landslide of over 500 tonnes (550 tons) to spill into the cutting. No trains were passing at the time, so no injuries or deaths occurred. [15]
Holbeck Hall landslide June 1993 The gardens of the hotel overlooking the sea extended for 70 metres (230 ft) to the shoreline, but on the morning of 3 June 1993, 55 metres (180 ft) had slid down the slope and onto the beach. The hotel soon collapsed, and the whole premises were later demolished. The cause of the landslip was not down to the sea, but the porosity of the land underneath the hotel and the amount of rain in the preceding months (140 millimetres (5.5 in)). [16]
Heck 2000 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of the East Coast Main Line near Heck was damaged by a landslip. Over 200,000 tonnes (200,000 long tons; 220,000 short tons) was needed to repair the stretch of railway. [17]
Hatfield landslip February 2013 Saturate coal shale pushed the railway line between Hatfield and Stainforth railway station and Thorne South railway station. The line re-opened five months later. [18]
Kex Gill (A59 road) Various occurrences Since the year 2000, the A59 has been closed 15 times due to landslips at the Kex Gill section. A bypass is being constructed, and is hoped to be open by 2026. [19]
Ripon Various occurrences Larges swathes of Ripon are built on gypsum, which aquifers cut into and create cavities, opening up sinkholes around the city. These have caused landslips with many domestic properties having to be evacuated and at least one was demolished. Ripon can expect to suffer a sinkhole every three to five years. [20][21]
Whitby December 2012 A landslide on the East Cliff underneath the churchyard. Five house on Aelfleda Terrace had to be demolished after heavy rain and flooding underneath the houses washed the bank away. [22]
Carlton in Cleveland mudslide May 2024 A month's worth of rain fell on the area in 12 hours. A child was killed in the mudslide. [4]

Notes

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  1. ^ Dent is now in Cumbria, but in 1935, it was in the West Riding of Yorkshire.

References

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  1. ^ Partnerships for reducing landslide risk : assessment of the National Landslide Hazards Mitigation Strategy. Washington: National Academies Press. 2004. p. vii. ISBN 9780309529952.
  2. ^ Waltham, Tony (2007). The Yorkshire Dales: landscape and geology. Ramsbury: Crowood press. pp. 71, 97. ISBN 9781861269720.
  3. ^ Tiwari, Binod; Ajmera, Beena (2023). Sassa, Kyoji (ed.). "advancement in shear strength interpretation, testing and use for landslide analysis". Progress in Landslide Research and Technology. 2 (2): 3. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-44296-4.
  4. ^ a b "One person dies in North Yorkshire mudslide". BBC News. 22 May 2024. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
  5. ^ Tiwari, Binod; Ajmera, Beena (2023). Sassa, Kyoji (ed.). "advancement in shear strength interpretation, testing and use for landslide analysis". Progress in Landslide Research and Technology. 2 (2): 4. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-44296-4.
  6. ^ Wood, Alex (22 February 2025). "Life on the edge as coastline is gradually devoured by the sea". The Yorkshire Post. p. 14. ISSN 0963-1496.
  7. ^ "Kex Gill A59 bypass to receive extra £11.7m after project delay". BBC News. 13 May 2025. Retrieved 24 October 2025.
  8. ^ Yorkshire coast: Staithes to Bridlington. Clapham: Dalesman Books. 1982. p. 10. ISBN 0852066724.
  9. ^ Waters, Colin (2011). A history of Whitby & its place names. Stroud: Amberley. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-4456-0429-9.
  10. ^ Dewhirst, Ian (October 1974). "Crow Hill Flood". Yorkshire Ridings Magazine. Vol. 11, no. 9. Driffield: Ridings Publishing. p. 9. ISSN 0960-0000. OCLC 1063391042.
  11. ^ Mead, Harry (1994) [1978]. Inside the North York Moors. Otley: Smith Settle. pp. 54–55. ISBN 1-85825-028-5.
  12. ^ "Subsidence of Land at Fewston: Threatened Destruction of the Village". The Yorkshire Post. 24 September 1880. p. 5.
  13. ^ McTominey, Andrew (August 2020). "A Tale of Two Yorkshire Villages: The Local Environmental Impact of British Reservoir Development, c.1866-1966". Environment and History. 26 (3): 331–358. doi:10.3197/096734018X15444572414083.
  14. ^ "Landslip in Yorkshire". Reading Mercury. No. 8, 850. 25 February 1893. p. 8.
  15. ^ "Railway blocked by landslide". The Times. No. 46994. 21 February 1935. p. 12. ISSN 0140-0460.
  16. ^ "Holbeck Hall, Scarborough". bgs.ac.uk. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
  17. ^ "Line landslip Yorkshire". Aberdeen Evening Express. 13 November 2000. p. 58.
  18. ^ "Rail line reopens after landslip". BBC News. 8 July 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2025.
  19. ^ "A59 Kex Gill: Landslip-affected road reopens ahead of schedule". BBC News. 24 January 2025. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
  20. ^ "Ripon sinkhole concerns halt Harrogate council homes plans". BBC News. 3 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2025.
  21. ^ "Ripon Sainsbury's evacuated after sinkhole opens up". BBC News. 21 August 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2025.
  22. ^ "Whitby landslip exposes human bones at 'Dracula graveyard'". BBC News. 10 January 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
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