User:Textaural/sandbox

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I use this area to keep notes concerning articles I may want to contribute to.

WP:BOTTYPE: Add Geiger's and Olivier's descriptions of Wikipedia bots
Carmen figuratum: Franklin-brown p.244 and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabanus_Maurus
Summa: Currently its description is too broad, and applies to almost any text that summarizes. Franklin-Brown distinguishes it from encyclopedias/florgium "Considerable intellectual labor involved in this operation attracted the subtlest minds of the day, and it earned them the status of authorities in their own right: the summa is almost always an authored text. While apparently taking account of divergent views, it also tends toward a synthesis and a degree of ideological unity that does not, ultimately, tolerate plurality of views" (2012, p.69).
Encyclopedic_text: currently no page for this. There is one for encyclopedic novel. Franklin-Brown says "Like the didascalicon that we shall encounter in the next section, these genres are no longer practiced, so there is no English term for them, But, because all are related in some way to the encyclopedia, scholars occasionally employ that term." (p.68) meaning that it is the closest term used in english to mean this thing, the problem of course, is that some might assume too much similarity without recognizing the historical differences.

- "If one is operating with a loose definition of encyclopedia,these other genres fit, but it then becomes necessary to make generic distinctions within the category ency- clapedias because everyone can agree that the encyclopedic flor'tlegium, the summa,the prosimetrum, and the didascalicon are different kinds of texts. My strategy in this study is instead to refer only to the encyclopedic florilegium as an encyclopedia, retaining the Latin names for the other genres and, thus, distinguishing texts produced by compilatio from others." (Franklin-Brown, p.68-69)

[[Audience]: Dallas Smythe needs to be included, audiences are often described as being found or discovered (source). Others say they are created.
Intertextuality Intertextuality By Graham Allen covers Kristeva and Genette
Encyclopedia: Need to have a correction made to how the term has been used to describe particular kinds of texts. The characteristics list "experts" as main writers, but the early ones were also written by generalists, and the editors, which were responsible for filling in gaps weren't experts. Literary figures and journalists were used during the relationship with the Times, then experts around the time of the 20th C. Add a section Encyclopedias and Politics (cite Murphy, Yeo on the dedication, Beauvais working with the king, Jose Van Djick and Google). Also add a In Popular Culture section. Hitchhikers Guide, Issac Asimov, Borges, The final encyclopedia, the Skylark of Valeron in E. E. Smith (The Brain),
History of encyclopedias: There should be a section that describes how the genre is contested and that one needs to distinguish between encyclopedias as class, and the history of texts as that class. Also a bit about how many encyclopedias have been considered only in retrospec. Also Reception of Encyclopedias: describing that many texts were considered to be encyclopedias 100s of years later, and with that, their perspective changed. Like Diderot thinking of pliny as radical, twentieth century as just a pedantic compiler, the medieval's who pilfered his text, scholars who tried to just see wha this sources were. "Making lists, com- piling facts, placing them in the correct order to reveal the secrets of nature could be the aim of mainstream compendia right up until the sixteenth century, when the emphasis gradually moves from book-based to investiga- tive research. When it happened, Pliny’s fall from grace came as a result of new philological approaches and a new emphasis on ancient Greek author- ities, as well as a growing interest in validating the data in ancient texts by examining the natural world at first hand." Doody 2010, 31. Also a section on the relationship between things and words (Franklin-Brown: **229** Etymology is a function of language; it seeks mean- ingful connections within it, posits an essential symbolic relation between words and things. Plinian natural history, on the other hand, does not seek such connections. Like Aristotle, to whom he is indebted, Pliny takes lan- guage as a conuentional tool to describe the natural world, and he therefore feels no obligation to explain rana as a word.
- 229** It is, then, the various possibilities of physical contact with the frog that determine Pliny's treatment of the creature. He does not describe it as a unity, a confluence of properties that must be de- tailed and explained (as in the Etymologiae). He is interested in it only be- cause it can supply particular cures, so he deals with it in a scattershot way, mentioning it only when its cures are relevant). This would be good in encyclopedias as well.

Add a section about poetic encyclopedias **106** By the fourteenth century, then, prose is the standard form in which to compose both of these encyclopedic genres. Here is a case in which the rise of prose seems indeed to have precipitated a decline in verse. This decline, however, corresponds with a new birth: that of the verse encyclopedic text.

> Armstrong, A. and Kay, S. (2011). _Knowing Poetry: Verse in Medieval France from the "Rose" to the "Rhétoriqueurs"_. Cornell University Press.

Pliny the Elder: "One critical figure in the story of Pliny’s fall from grace as an authority on nature was Francis Bacon (–): Bacon was instrumental in removing Pliny from the centre of scientific scholarship, but his attitudes towards Pliny’s work and his methods of criticising the Natural History illuminate the extraordinary power that Pliny’s formulation of natural knowledge possessed." (Doody, p.31), reception section. "**39** It has even been suggested that Pliny’s pre-eminence in the Middle Ages and Renaissance was due to a simple accident of transmission. But quite apart from any good fortune, if we set aside our preferences for scientific theorising or specialist treatises, there are clear internal reasons for Pliny’s success. The Natural History resists epitomisation, since it has no single argument that can be summarised. While excerpts and individual books from the Natural History found an afterlife of their own, its intricate bulk of data was both invaluable and inexhaustible. The great weakness that modern readers have found was its great strength for earlier scholars." (Doody, p.39). "**40-41** "The encyclopedist looks at the world and describes what he sees in the light of empire. If, as Pliny claimed in his preface, it was the enormous variety of Natura that demarcated the encyclopedic scope of his work, it was the power of Rome that allowed him to execute that design." (doody, p.40-41) > citing Murphy, page p.321, !!! Murphy's reading is that Pliny was conservative, pulling the line of imperial politics. ... As being at the start of encyclopedism "**48-49** "I have also had the temerity to go so far as to dedicate to you these little books, the fruits of my small efforts. They are not full of insight, with which I am not particularly well endowed, and have no room for digressions or speeches or conversations or amazing accidents or strange happenings, things that are enjoyable to write and fun to read; this is a dry subject: the nature of things, that is life, and the most sordid part of it, using regional or foreign terms, even barbaric ones, which need an apology in advance.

Besides which, this is not a well-travelled path for most scholars, or one that minds are eager to wander. None of us has ever attempted it, and no one Greek has covered all of it. Most people look for attractive fields of research; those which are treated by others are said to be of immense subtlety, and are weighed down by the gloomy obscurity of the subject. Now all the subjects that the Greeks call enkyklios paideia ought to be dealt with […], but they are unknown or made confusing by over-complications, while others are so often discussed that they become tedious. It is a difficult thing to give novelty to the familiar, authority to the brand new, shine to the out-of-date, clarity to the obscure, charm to the dull, authority to the implausible, its nature to everything and all its own to nature. And this is why even if I have not succeeded, it is a brilliant and beautiful enterprise. (Pliny HN pr. –)" This is perhaps one of the most discussed passages in the whole Natural History, but, to my mind, Pliny’s reference to enkyklios paideia appears decidedly cryptic.> !!! she says this is the most talked about passage from Pliny.

Heterotopia_(space): needs lots more.
Encyclopédie: > Society and Politics. Currently says "The Encyclopédie is often seen as an influence for the French Revolution because of its emphasis on Enlightenment political theories". Kafker (1996) argues against this.
Media History: Redirects to Mass Media > History, but doesn't have its own page as a singular discipline like Outline_of_academic_disciplines#History
Media: (Communication), needs lots of attention
Media archaeology: Not much about it.
Novum Organum: Add sec. Structure, Publication history, Reception
Novalis: Needs to make link and a new page for the Das allgemeine Brouillon, or Notes for a Romantic Encyclopaedia
Synoptic philosophy
Cyberpunk derivatives: Add solarpunk, and especially the quote "There’s an oppositional quality to solarpunk, but it’s an opposition that begins with infrastructure as a form of resistance." Stating that this is actually linked to the radical roots of punk music. http://hieroglyph.asu.edu/2014/09/solarpunk-notes-toward-a-manifesto/ and https://www.amazon.com/Sunvault-Solarpunk-Eco-Speculation-C-Wise-ebook/dp/B071J8QD6H
Characteristica universalis: Add Levy and IEML to list of constructed languages that are in keeping with Leibniz
Doctrine_of_signatures: Add something about the fact that the doctrine of signatures was likely more useful not as identification, but in remembering and transmitting pharmacological knowledge (as per https://www.wired.com/2014/07/fantastically-wrong-doctrine-of-signatures/). Foucault talks about this as a key way of understanding how Renaissance people understood the world: "There exists a sympathy between aconite and our eyes. This unexpected affinity would remain in obscurity if there were not some signature on the plant, some mark, some word, as it were, telling us that it is good for diseases of the eye. This sign is easily legible in its seeds: they are tiny dark globes set in white skinlike coverings whose appearance is much like that of eyelids covering an eye." (The Order of Things, p.30)

Florilegium: Add Franklin-Brown's list of encyclopedias that are better understood as Florilgeium; "Natural History, The Antiquities of Things Human and Divine, The Disciplines. In the scholastic period, this kind of title was still possible (On theProperties of Things), but compilers fa- vored figurative formulations, such as The Greater Mirror, The Image of the World, or The Treasury. No term in classical or medieval Latin united all these texts, and only them, into a discrete genre. The word that comes closest to describing most of these books, florilegium, is also a modern coinage, and it refers to other compilations as well, narrower in scope or less well organized" (2012, p.9)
Speculum literature: replace picture of Vincent with someone else. Add something from this. http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k10404561/f29.planchecontact
Vincent_of_Beauvais: Order like _Natural History_: Overview, Structure, Production, Pub history, Topics, Reception, See also. Add a few more citations to get rid of the "citation" template. Also copy the style typically used for other writers. (Other works as a list, and rework Assessment as Reception? or something, especially where other encyclopedists list it as a model.) Also add dates for the completion of those other works, and a biography infobox. Also include under content "Vincent of Beauvais cites a number of Isidore's etymologies" (Franklin-Brown, pp.53-54). YOu can link to Isidore's page with this as well. +Add to Reception history, part of the digital humanities project is to digitize works and provide access to them (cite). Mews, C. J., Zahora, T., Nikulin, D. & Squire, D. 2010. The Speculum morale (c. 1300) and the study of textual

- 98** The encyclopedia appears to have begun as a sequence of articles on the virtues and vices, history, and natura! history, and Albrecht has identified this version in a manuscript now at the Bibliotheque nationale de France." Vincent then expanded the text into a bipartite encyclopedia, with an eclectic Speculumnafurale, which covers natural history, sin and the vices, and the arts and sciences and is followed by the first version of the Speculum historiale. The Naturale portion of the bipartite encyclopedia survives in only two manuscripts, both at the Bibliotheque royale in Brussels; these were the object of Paulmier-Foucart's early work." The large majority of manuscripts represent a later, tripartite encyclopedia. A revised Speculum naturale covers almost exclusively natural history; Albrecht has shown that this stage of the Nafurale is represented by two, slightly different recensions, of which the earlier was most widely diffused." A new Speculum docfrinale, intervening between the Nafurale and the Historiale, was intended to contain a treatment of all the arts, although Vincent never finished it.
- 98** Toward the end of his life, Vincent appears to have initiated the project of a quadripartite work that would include, between the Doctrinale and the Historiale, a Speculum morale taking account of sin, the vices, and similar subjects omitted from the tri- partite work. However, we do not know how much work he might have done on this new speculum, and the Morale that we have today, which had very little diffusion in the Middle Ages, is mainly the work of anonymous Do- minicans ca. t3oo."

Canadian Communication Association: possible sources https://books.google.ca/books?id=pYQtAAAAMAAJ&q=canadian+communication+association&dq=canadian+communication+association&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjyhJyLpuzYAhVH3mMKHYfHAvAQ6AEIMDAB

https://books.google.ca/books?id=cz0tAAAAMAAJ&q=canadian+communication+association&dq=canadian+communication+association&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjyhJyLpuzYAhVH3mMKHYfHAvAQ6AEINDAC - add a sentence about how cca and cjc have no formal connections

Natural_History_(Pliny): Add to the Reception sec. Doody's notes on Diderot's take on Pliny. Also how the reception of the book came in terms of printers refashioning it as an encyclopedia.