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Media outlets and industry figures often refer to Jackson's testimony during a May 2011 Senate Hearing Committee that she is not aware of any cases where hydraulic fracturing itself has contaminated water.[1] A 1987 EPA report and reports released since May 2011, however, have identified hydraulic fracturing as the likely source of water contamination in several cases.[2][3][4][5][6][7][1][2]


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  1. ^ "Pathways To Energy Independence: Hydraulic Fracturing And Other New Technologies". U.S. Senate. May 6, 2011.
  2. ^ Mall, Amy (19 December 2011). "Incidents where hydraulic fracturing is a suspected cause of drinking water contamination". Switchboard: NRDC Staff Blog. Natural Resources Defense Council. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  3. ^ Susan Phillips (8 December 2011). "EPA Blames Fracking for Wyoming Groundwater Contamination". StateImpact Pennsylvania. WITF, WHYY & NPR. Retrieved 6 February 2012. fed­eral envi­ron­men­tal reg­u­la­tors have made a direct link between the con­tro­ver­sial drilling prac­tice known as hydraulic frac­tur­ing and ground­wa­ter contamination...The EPA found high con­cen­tra­tions of ben­zene, xylene, gaso­line and diesel fuel in shal­low ground­wa­ter sup­plies that they linked to waste­water pits. But the report also found a num­ber of frack­ing chem­i­cals in much deeper fresh water wells. {{cite web}}: soft hyphen character in |quote= at position 4 (help)
  4. ^ Urbina, Ian (3 August 2011). "A Tainted Water Well, and Concern There May be More". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  5. ^ Fetzer, Richard M. (19 January 2012). Action Memorandum - Request for funding for a Removal Action at the Dimock Residential Groundwater Site (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 27 May 2012.
  6. ^ DiGiulio, Dominic C.; Wilkin, Richard T.; Miller, Carlyle; Oberley, Gregory (December 2011). Investigation of Ground Water Contamination near Pavillion, Wyoming. Draft (PDF) (Report). EPA. Retrieved 23 March 2012.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  7. ^ Mark Drajem (27 September 2012). "Diesel in Water Near Fracking Confirms EPA Tests Wyoming Disputes". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Research Council study was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Research Council study2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference Forbes silica 2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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  1. ^ Mall, Amy (16 May 2012). "Concerns about the health risks of fracking continue to grow". Switchboard: NRDC Staff Blog. Natural Resources Defense Council. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  2. ^ Hopkinson, Jenny; DiCosmo, Bridget (15 May 2012). "Academies' NRC Seeks Broad Review Of Currently Ignored Fracking Risks". InsideEPA. Inside Washington Publishers. (subscription required). Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  3. ^ Claire Wilkinson (22 June 2012). "Fracking Concerns Turn To Worker Health Hazards And Potential Silica Exposure". Forbes. Retrieved 08 September 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  4. ^ OSHA/NIOSH (2012). "OSHA/NIOSH Hazard Alert. Worker Exposure to Silica during Hydraulic Fracturing" (Document). United States Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Retrieved 08 September 2012. {{cite document}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessdate= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |url= ignored (help)
  5. ^ "Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)". US Department of Labor. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
  6. ^ "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
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