User:Rlima1027/Evaluate an Article
Introduction
[edit]The Anti Facial recognition movement is a global effort advocating against the use of facial recognition technology (FRT). Reasons cited include concerns about surveillance due to its gender and racial biases, threats to privacy, and disproportionate impacts on marginalized communities. Civil rights activists and researchers argue that FRT reinforces systemic discrimination, specifically towards black, indigenous, people of color (BIPOC), as well as women and gender non-conforming individuals. [1]Additionally, this movement highlights concerns over mass surveillance, wrongful arrests, and the erosion of civil liberties.
Background on FRT
[edit]Facial recognition technology has been evolving since the vision of computers came to be in the mid-20th century. Since its inception, there have been growing concerns about violation of privacy in public spaces, wrongful arrests of people specifically of ethnic racial backgrounds and gender nonconforming identities[2].These surveillance systems have transformed into artificial intelligence (AI) driven systems that have recently been emerging. Facial recognition is a form of AI that can be used as an assistive technology for law enforcement[3]. It's typically used for identifying people who committed crimes in an effort to aid public safety making opportunities for abuse more prevalent.
The Right to Appear in Public Spaces
[edit]The concept of "the right to appear" (Catanzariti & Currie, 2022) refers to the fundamental right of existing in public spaces without the fear of surveillance, criminalization, or suppression. [4]Many argue that facial recognition technology challenges this right by enabling mass surveillance, disproportionately targeting marginalized communities, and putting them at risk for misidentification.
How FRT Criminalizes Public Spaces
[edit]- Over Policing of Marginalized Communities
- There has shown to be a consistent pattern of facial recognition being deployed in areas that are largely popularized by black, indigenous, people of color reinforcing systemic discrimination.[5]
- Effects on Social Organizing/Movements
- FRT making a heavy presence on communities of color, especially those who participate in social organizing around their communities, can inflict fear of rallying, protesting, community gatherings, and cultural events.
- Surveillance Driven Criminalization
- In multiple occasions, individuals have been flagged down as suspicious, based on algorithm errors that lead to wrongful arrests and law enforcement scrutiny,
References
[edit]- ^ Zalnieriute, M. (2024). Facial recognition surveillance and public space: protecting protest movements. International Review of Law, Computers & Technology, 39(1), 116–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600869.2023.2295690
- ^ Kumar, V., Raghavendra, R., Namboodiri, A., & Busch, C. (2016). (PDF) robust transgender face recognition: Approach based on appearance and therapy factors. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303563452_Robust_transgender_face_recognition_Approach_based_on_appearance_and_therapy_factors
- ^ Naughton, C. Michael (2025). "CONSIDERING FACE VALUE: The Complex Legal Implications of Facial Recognition Technology". Criminal Justice. 39.4: 7–14 – via Heinonline.
- ^ Catanzariti, B., & Currie, M. (2022, August 24). Chapter 12 facial recognition and the right to appear: Infrastructural challenges in ANTI-SURVEILLANCE resistance. De Gruyter. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781474492973-022/html
- ^ Currie, Morgan, Jeremy Knox, and Callum McGregor, editors. Data Justice and the Right to the City. Edinburgh University Press, 2022.