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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of São Luís, in the state of Maranhão, Brazil.

Before the 16th century

[edit]
  • Present-day São Luís was a large village of the Tupinambá people

16th century

[edit]
  • 1535. Division of Brazil by the Portuguese into hereditary captaincies[1]
  • 1536. Donatory-Captain of Maranhão João de Barros granted colonization of Maranhão region[1]
  • 1550s. Nazaré founded João de Barros, in the general vicinity of present-day São Luís[1]
  • 1550s. Nazaré abandoned by the Portuguese due to indigenous resistance and difficulty in access to the site[1]

17th century

[edit]
  • 1611. French friars of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin describe site of the promontory of São Luís
  • 1612.
    • August 12. Settlement of Saint-Louis as part of Equinoctial France and celebration of inaugural mass.[1]
    • September 8. Declaration of foundation of Saint-Louis by Daniel de La Touche and end of the construction of the Fort of Saint Louis.[2]: 21 
  • 1614. Fort of Saint Louis augmented to guard against invasion of the new colony; governor's residence built as part of expansion of fort
  • 1614. Governor General of Brazil orders military expedition under Jerônimo de Albuquerque from Pernambuco to French Saint-Louis[3]: 11 
  • 1615.
  • 1621.
  • 1619. São Luís, elevated to the category of town (vila), with establishment of Municipal Council[3]: 14 
    • Brothers of the Carmelite Order enters São Luís[4]: 116 
  • 1623
    • September 23. Francisco Coelho de Carvalho appointed the first Governor and Captain General of the State of Maranhão and Gran-Pará.[5]: 159 
  • 1624. Governor Coelho de Carvalho orders the renovation of São Felipe Fort and reconstruction of first Governors' residence on site
  • 1641. Dutch occupation of São Luís by Admiral Jan Cornelizoon Lichtardt and Coronel Koin Anderson, as wider Dutch occupation of Brazil.[3]: 17 
  • 1642. São Luís has a population of 700-800 and 500 to 600 houses[3]: 29 
  • 1644. Portuguese re-occupation of of São Luís by Antonio Muniz Barreiros and Teixeira de Melo, the plantation owners of the Mearim River region[3]: 17 
  • 1654. State of Maranhão and Grão-Pará established
  • 1665. Caminho Grande, a road connecting the urban center to the villages and towns in the interior, consolidated[3]: 15 
  • 1670. São Luís elevated to the category of cite (cidade)[3]: 15 
  • 1642. São Luís has a population of approximately 1,000[3]: 30 
  • 1684. Beckman's Revolt occurs based on local discontent against the Maranhão Trading Company

18th century

[edit]

19th century

[edit]
  • 1811. Population of Saõ Luís: approximately 30,000[3]: 19 
  • 1812 - Completion of the Quinta das Laranjeiras Gate.[3]
  • 1814 - Completion of Church of Our Lady of the Rosary, with celebration of first procession and mass[6]
  • 1817
    • Completion and consecration of the Church of São Pantelão[3]: 202–203 
    • Opening of Hospital of São José of the Holy House of Mercy (Hospital de São José da Santa Casa de Misericórdia)[7]: 14 
    • Opening of first theater, Teatro União, now Artur Azevedo Theater[7]: 14 
  • 1818. Economy of Maranhão reaches one million pounds, and the fourth most populous city in Brazil.
  • 1821. Foundation of first printing house, Tipografia Nacional; and first newspaper, O Conciliador do Maranhão[7]: 14 
  • 1822. Maranhão does not join the declaration of the Independence of Brazil
  • 1823. Portuguese driven from Maranhão by Admiral Lord Cochrane; Province of Maranhão of established with with São Luís as capital
  • 1825. First public lighting in São Luís, powered by olive oil, and later turpentine alcohol[3]: 19 
  • 1829 - Foundling wheel placed in Church of São Pantelão by the Holy House of Mercy[3]: 202–203 
  • 1831
    • The Setembrada revolt broke out, calling for the expulsion of Portuguese and the Franciscan friars
    • Prohibition of burials inside church buildings and mandate of burials outside the city as part of wider sanitary reforms in Brazil[7]: 20 
  • 1836. Foundation of first public library[7]: 14 
  • 1838. The Balaiada Revolt broke out, a popular movement that opposed the rural aristocracy
  • 1839. Foundation of first high school, Liceu[7]: 14 
  • 1840. São Luís has 22 lime mills, six rice mills, six printing presses, three soap and candle factories, two cotton presses, eight potteries[3]: 21 
  • 1841.
    • The School of Artisan Education (Escola dos Educandos Artífices) opened at Largo do Diamante (Praça da República) to educate poor youth[7]: 18 
    • Construction began on the Sagração Wharf (Cais da Sagração)[7]: 18–19 
  • 1847. Creation of Commercial Bank of Maranhão (Banco Comercial do Maranhão)[3]: 20 
  • 1849. Construction of Public Slaughterhouse by the engineer João Nunes de Campos and Manoel Antônio da Silva Campelo[7]: 20 
  • 1852. Establishment of Portuguese Reading Cabinet (Gabinete Português de Leitura), an intellectual society similar to those in Salvador, Recife, and Rio de Janeiro[7]: 22 
  • 1855. Establishment of Gavião Cemetery, formerly known as the São Pantaleão Cemetery[7]: 23 
  • 1852. Reliquary image Relics of Saint Severa brought from Italy and placed in Church of São Pantelão[3]: 202–203 
  • 1854. Companhia Confiança Maranhense established to construct commercial stores for rental[3]: 21 
  • 1861. Companhia de Iluminação e Gás do Maranhão installs hydrogen gas lighting.[3]: 19 
  • 1866. City Chamber establishes building codes to address aesthetic and sanitation issues[3]: 59 
  • 1862. Campos Melo Ramp, second ramp built at end Rua do Trapiche[7]: 25 
  • 1863. Sidewalk paving in Portuguese lioz added as part of modernization of São Luís
  • 1889. Proclamation of the Republic and Maranhão became a State of the Federation
  • 1891. Promulgation of first State Constitution
  • 1896. Façade of Governor's Palace greatly modified under Governor Manuel Inácio Belfort Vieira.

20th century

[edit]
  • 1906. Façade of Governor’s Palace again modified during the administration of Benedito Leite
  • 1924. Inauguration of the electric tram in city[3]: 26 
  • 1939. Marist Brother purchase the Quinta das Laranjeiras and demolish all its buildings with the exception of the monumental gate and Chapel; Marist Brothers College is built on site
  • 1942. 1,000m grass track serves as airbase of the Brazilian Army, and site of future Tirirical Airport
  • 1946. Holy House of Mercy cedes orphanage to Casa das Missões of São José and church to the the Archbishop of São Luís[4]: 54–57 
  • 1955. Federal listing of Architectural and Landscape Ensembles of Praça Benedito Leite, Praça João Francisco Lisboa, Largo do Desterro, and Praça Gonçalves Dias[4]: 46 
  • 1970. Construction of Bacanga Dam[3]: 36 
  • 1971. Opening of Governor José Sarney Bridge[3]: 36 
  • 1980. Alumar aluminum factory established in São Luís; production continued to 2015.
  • 1983. Alcântara Space Center, the launching facility of the Brazilian Space Agency, established in nearby Alcântara.
  • 1985.
  • 1997. UNESCO declares the World Heritage Site of São Luís.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g Moreira, Rafael (2012). "São Luís". Lisbon, Portugal: Heritage of Portuguese Influence/Património de Influência Portuguesa. Retrieved 2025-05-26.
  2. ^ Olavo Pereira da Silva F. (2012). Varandas de São Luís: gradis e azulejos = The balconies of São Luís: railings and azulejo tiles. Roteiros do patrimônio (in Portuguese). Brasília: National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage. ISBN 978-85-7334-188-1. OCLC 953872763. Wikidata Q125558410.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad José Antonio Viana Lopes (2008). São Luís, Ilha do Maranhão e Alcântara: guia de arquitetura e paisagem = San Luis, Isla de Marañón y Alcántara: guía de arquitectura y paisaje (in Portuguese and Spanish). Seville: Regional Government of Andalusia. ISBN 978-84-8095-544-7. OL 23679680M. Wikidata Q125937903.
  4. ^ a b c Ernesto Horácio da Cruz (1953), Igrejas e sobrados do Maranhão (São Luís e Alcântara) (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Livros de Portugal, Wikidata Q127527440
  5. ^ Cezar Augusto Marques (1870), Diccionario historico-geographico da provincia do Maranhão (in Portuguese), São Luís: Typ. do Frias, Wikidata Q127432157
  6. ^ a b Moreira, Rafael (2012). "Church of Our Lady of the Rosary of Black People". Lisbon, Portugal: Heritage of Portuguese Influence/Património de Influência Portuguesa. Retrieved 2022-03-04.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Cite error: The named reference zenkner was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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