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History of Wine and Resveratrol Research

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Early Research

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Michio Takaoka first mentioned resveratrol in an article in 1939, who isolated it from Veratrum album, variety grandiflorum, and later, in 1963, from the roots of Japanese knotweed.[1][2][3]

In 1982, a study tested the oral administration of resveratrol and piceid on rats and found that it likely lowered lipid levels in their livers.[4] Although there was no evidence that this would also benefit humans, this study coincided with an increased interest of the news media in resveratrol research.[5][6][7]

In 1992, an additional study proved that different wines contained different levels of resveratrol depending on where the wine was produced.[8] For example, there is significantly more resveratrol in New York Chardonnays than in California Chardonnays.

A year later in 1993, researchers simplified the resveratrol extraction process from wine.[9] This facilitated efforts to uncover the factors that contribute to varying resveratrol levels among different wines. Development in extraction processes continued in 2000 when a simple method for extracting trans-resveratrol was developed by using solid-phase microextraction (SPME).[10]

Cardiovascular Studies

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A 2002 study substantiated the potential health benefits of resveratrol by showing that it increases cGMP in lamb heart, which demonstrates potential cardioprotective effects it has against vascular disorders like atherosclerosis, chronic hyperlipidemia, and diabetes.[11] The study admitted that the currently identified molecular mechanisms remained too scarce to explain all of resveratrol's vascular effects, thus many conclusions remained more speculative than certain.

A 2018 systematic review of previous resveratrol studies demonstrated a small decrease (2 mmHg) in systolic blood pressure only from high daily dosage (more than 300 mg/day) and in the presence of diabetes.[12]

Cancer Studies

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In 2007, a study surfaced that suggested that supported the use of resveratrol in human cancer chemoprevention in combination with standard treatments.[13] It claimed that the theory was a "new enlightenment" in the "French Paradox."

However, as of 2014, studies regarding resveratrol's effects on cancer in animals and humans are inconsistent,[14] regardless of dosage.[15]

Neurological Studies

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A study in 2008 suggested that resveratrol and quercetin diminished apoptotic neuronal cell death and may be potent antiinflammatory compounds.[16] The researchers noted the study because, if true, resveratrol could prove helpful as a preventative or treatment measure to diseases caused by neuroinflammation such as Parkinson's Disease.

One clinical trial of patients with Alzheimer's disease has shown daily gram doses of resveratrol to be well-tolerated.[17] Other preliminary human studies indicated that short-term ingestion of resveratrol increased cerebral blood flow in normal subjects[18] and in people with diabetes.[19] Resveratrol is under study for its potential to limit secondary damage after ischemic stroke or acute brain trauma.[20]

Dietary Supplements

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In 2012, researchers tested the effects of resveratrol as a dietary supplement in humans and found negligible effects over the course of 5 days.[21]

  1. ^ TAKAOKA, Michio (1939). "The Phenolic Substances of White Hellebore (Veratrum Grandiflorum Hoes. Fil.) I". Nippon Kagaku Kaishi (in Japanese). 60 (11): 1090–1100. doi:10.1246/nikkashi1921.60.1090. ISSN 0369-4208.
  2. ^ TAKAOKA, Michio (1940). "The Phenolic Substances of White Hellebore (Veratrum Grandiflorum Loes. Fill). V". Nippon Kagaku Kaishi (in Japanese). 61 (10): 1067–1069. doi:10.1246/nikkashi1921.61.1067. ISSN 0369-4208.
  3. ^ Nonomura, Kanagawa (1963). "Chemical constituents of Polygonaceous plants. I. studies on the components of Ko-jo-kon. (Polygonum cuspidatum SIEB et ZUCC)". Yakugaku Zasshi. 83 (10): 988–990. doi:10.1248/yakushi1947.83.10_988. PMID 14089847.
  4. ^ ARICHI, HIDEKO; KIMURA, YOSHIYUKI; OKUDA, HIROMICHI; BABA, KIMIYE; KOZAWA, MITSUGI; ARICHI, SHIGERU (1982-05-25). "Effects of stilbene components of the roots of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. on lipid metabolism". Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 30 (5): 1766–1770. doi:10.1248/cpb.30.1766. ISSN 0009-2363. PMID 7116511.
  5. ^ Kasper, Rob (June 7, 1992). "Straight From the Grapevine". The Sun. Tribune Interactive, LLC. ProQuest 406736963. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  6. ^ Brody, Jane (August 14, 1991). "Red Wine May Have Potential As Potion for the Blood's Ills: Researchers isolate the part that may cut cholesterol". The New York Times. ProQuest 108695878. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  7. ^ "Chemical in Wine Believed to Cut Cholesterol Levels". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company Inc. August 7, 1991. ProQuest 398285545. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  8. ^ Siemann, E. H.; Creasy, L. L. (1992-01-01). "Concentration of the Phytoalexin Resveratrol in Wine". American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 43 (1): 49–52. ISSN 0002-9254.
  9. ^ Lamuela-Raventos, Rosa M.; Waterhouse, Andrew L. (1993-04-01). "Occurrence of resveratrol in selected California wines by a new HPLC method". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 41 (4): 521–523. doi:10.1021/jf00028a001. ISSN 0021-8561.
  10. ^ Luan, Tiangang; Li, Gongke; Zhang, Zhanxia (2000). "Gas-phase postderivatization following solid-phase microextraction for rapid determination of trans-resveratrol in wine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry". Analytica Chimica Acta. 424 (1): 19–25. doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(00)01103-x.
  11. ^ El-Mowafy, Abdalla M. (2002). "Resveratrol Activates Membrane-Bound Guanylyl Cyclase in Coronary Arterial Smooth Muscle: A Novel Signaling Mechanism in Support of Coronary Protection". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 291 (5): 1218–1224. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2002.6598. PMID 11883947.
  12. ^ Fogacci, Federica; Tocci, Giuliano; Presta, Vivianne; Fratter, Andrea; Borgh, Claudio; Cicero, Arrigo F. G. (2018). "Effect of resveratrol on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled, clinical trials". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 58 (2): 1605–1618. doi:10.1080/10408398.2017.1422480. PMID 29359958. S2CID 30351462 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
  13. ^ Liu, Bo-lin; Zhang, Xiang; Zhang, Wei; Zhen, Hai-ning (2007). "New enlightenment of French paradox: Resveratrol's potential for cancer chemoprevention and anti-cancer therapy". Cancer Biology & Therapy. 6 (12): 1833–1836. doi:10.4161/cbt.6.12.5161. PMID 18087218. S2CID 25616894 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
  14. ^ Carter, Lindsay G.; D'Orazio, John A.; Pearson, Kevin J. (2014-06-01). "Resveratrol and cancer: focus on in vivo evidence". Endocrine-Related Cancer. 21 (3): R209 – R225. doi:10.1530/erc-13-0171. ISSN 1351-0088. PMC 4013237. PMID 24500760.
  15. ^ ATHAR, M; BACK, J; TANG, X; KIM, K; KOPELOVICH, L; BICKERS, D; KIM, A (2007). "Resveratrol: A review of preclinical studies for human cancer prevention". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 224 (3): 274–283. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2006.12.025. PMC 2083123. PMID 17306316.
  16. ^ Bureau, Genevieve; Longpré, Fanny; Martinoli, M.-G. (2008-02-01). "Resveratrol and quercetin, two natural polyphenols, reduce apoptotic neuronal cell death induced by neuroinflammation". Journal of Neuroscience Research. 86 (2): 403–410. doi:10.1002/jnr.21503. ISSN 1097-4547. PMID 17929310. S2CID 32970837. {{cite journal}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  17. ^ Turner, R. Scott; Thomas, Ronald G.; Craft, Suzanne; Dyck, Christopher H. van; Mintzer, Jacobo; Reynolds, Brigid A.; Brewer, James B.; Rissman, Robert A.; Raman, Rema (2015-10-20). "A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of resveratrol for Alzheimer disease". Neurology. 85 (16): 1383–1391. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002035. ISSN 0028-3878. PMC 4626244. PMID 26362286.
  18. ^ Kennedy, David O; Wightman, Emma L; Reay, Jonathon L; Lietz, Georg; Okello, Edward J; Wilde, Anthea; Haskell, Crystal F (2010-06-01). "Effects of resveratrol on cerebral blood flow variables and cognitive performance in humans: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover investigation". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 91 (6): 1590–1597. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28641. ISSN 0002-9165. PMID 20357044.
  19. ^ Wong, R.H.X.; Nealon, R.S.; Scholey, A.; Howe, P.R.C. (2016). "Low dose resveratrol improves cerebrovascular function in type 2 diabetes mellitus". Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 26 (5): 393–399. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2016.03.003. PMID 27105868.
  20. ^ Lopez, Mary S.; Dempsey, Robert J.; Vemuganti, Raghu (2015). "Resveratrol neuroprotection in stroke and traumatic CNS injury". Neurochemistry International. 89: 75–82. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2015.08.009. PMC 4587342. PMID 26277384.
  21. ^ Heger, A.; Ferk, F.; Nersesyan, A.; Szekeres, T.; Kundi, M.; Wagner, K.H.; Haidinger, G.; Mišík, M.; Knasmüller, S. (2012). "Intake of a resveratrol-containing dietary supplement has no impact on DNA stability in healthy subjects". Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis. 749 (1–2): 82–86. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.07.005. PMID 22981768.
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