User:Ophiuchus1/sandbox
Scoring
The questions in the GHQ have the response choices of Better/Healthier than Normal, Same as Usual, Worse/More than Usual, and Much Worse/More than Usual[1][2]. These responses can be scored using the Likert or GHQ scale[2]. Using the Likert scale the response choices are given the values 0, 1, 2, and 3 respectively[1][2]. When a participant completes the questionnaire the values of their responses are then summed to give a final score between 0 and 180. Using the GHQ scale, the response choices are given values of 0, 0, 1, and 1 respectively[1][2]. In this case, the final score can range from 0 to 60. Medical professionals establish score ranges that indicate the severity of any psychiatric issues. The questions can also be broken into sections that target specific psychiatric issues such as anxiety disorder, depression, and bipolar disorder. These sections can be scored individually as well, to determine the severity[2]. The score ranges used to distinguish between different severities of psychiatric issues are established by each medical professional, so there is no widely accepted set range.
History
The original study that proposed the GHQ was published in 1970 by David Goldberg and Dr. Blackwell [3]. This study was originally completed to validate the General Health Questionnaire as a reliable determinant of psychiatric health in general practice [3][4][5]. The GHQ was given to 3000 patients at a general medicine practice in London[3]. After completing the questionnaire the patients were then evaluated by a general practitioner and psychiatrist[3]. The practitioner and psychiatrist’s diagnoses were rated 0 to 4 and the questionnaire scores were categorized A-H[3]. The results of the GHQ were then compared to the general practitioner and psychiatrist’s determinations and it was found that only 8.5% of patients were miscategorized[3]. The high accuracy of the questionnaire proved that it was equivalent to a psychiatrist’s or practitioner’s diagnosis and could be used as a method of evaluating patients[3][5][6][7].
| Practitioner/Psychiatrist Score | Definition |
|---|---|
| 0 | No psychiatric disturbance detected |
| 1 | Mild subclinical emotional disturbance detected |
| 2 | Clinically significant psychiatric illness-mild |
| 3 | Psychiatric illness-moderate |
| 4 | Psychiatric illness-marked |
| GHQ Score Category | Definition |
|---|---|
| A | Entirely physical complaints |
| B | Physical condition in a neurotic personality |
| C | Physical illness with associated psychiatric disturbance |
| D | Psychiatric illness with somatic symptoms |
| E | Unrelated physical and psychiatric illness |
| F | Entirely psychiatric illness |
| G | Miscellaneous, not ill, unclassifiable |
| H | Parents of sick children |
 | This is a user sandbox of Ophiuchus1. You can use it for testing or practicing edits. This is not the place where you work on your assigned article for a dashboard.wikiedu.org course. Visit your Dashboard course page and follow the links for your assigned article in the My Articles section. |
- ^ a b c "General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) – MHPSS Knowledge Hub". Retrieved 2023-12-01.
- ^ a b c d e Malt, U. F.; Mogstad, T. E.; Refnin, I. B. (1989-05-10). "[Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire]". Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening: Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke. 109 (13): 1391–1394. ISSN 0029-2001. PMID 2749623.
- ^ a b c d e f g Goldberg, D. P.; Blackwell, B. (1970-05-23). "Psychiatric Illness in General Practice: A Detailed Study Using a New Method of Case Identification". BMJ. 2 (5707): 439–443. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5707.439. ISSN 0959-8138.
- ^ Jackson, C. (2006-08-23). "The General Health Questionnaire". Occupational Medicine. 57 (1): 79–79. doi:10.1093/occmed/kql169. ISSN 0962-7480.
- ^ a b Carvalho, Hudson Wander de; Patrick, Christopher J.; Jorge, Miguel Roberto; Andreoli, Sérgio Baxter (2011-03). "Validation of the structural coherency of the General Health Questionnaire". Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 33 (1): 59–63. doi:10.1590/S1516-44462011000100012. ISSN 1516-4446.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Goldberg, D. P.; Gater, R.; Sartorius, N.; Ustun, T. B.; Piccinelli, M.; Gureje, O.; Rutter, C. (1997-01). "The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care". Psychological Medicine. 27 (1): 191–197. doi:10.1017/S0033291796004242. ISSN 0033-2917.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Hankins, Matthew (2008-12). "The reliability of the twelve-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) under realistic assumptions". BMC Public Health. 8 (1). doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-355. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 2572064. PMID 18854015.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)