User:Nucleus hydro elemon/元素周期表
括号为预测值。碳默认石墨、磷默认白磷、硫默认α硫、硒默认灰硒、锡默认白锡、锫默认α锫。
色板和数值区间：User:Nucleus hydro elemon/any元素周期表/palette
周期表模板：User:Nucleus hydro elemon/periodictable
熔点
[编辑]| fff | ffe | ffd | efc | dfb | cfb | bfb | beb | adb | 9cb | 8cb | 7cc | 6cc | 6bc | 5ac | 49b | 38a | 27a | 26a | 259 | 249 | 238 | 237 | 126 | 025 | 888 |
| 0 ~ 158 | 158 ~ 316 | 316 ~ 474 | 474 ~ 632 | 632 ~ 790 | 790 ~ 948 | 948 ~ 1106 | 1106 ~ 1264 | 1264 ~ 1422 | 1422 ~ 1580 | 1580 ~ 1738 | 1738 ~ 1896 | 1896 ~ 2054 | 2054 ~ 2212 | 2212 ~ 2370 | 2370 ~ 2528 | 2528 ~ 2686 | 2686 ~ 2844 | 2844 ~ 3002 | 3002 ~ 3160 | 3160 ~ 3318 | 3318 ~ 3476 | 3476 ~ 3634 | 3634 ~ 3792 | 3792 ~ 3950 | 无法知道 |
| H 13.99 |
He [a] | ||||||||||||||||
| Li 453.65 |
Be 1560 |
B 2349 |
C 3915 （升华） |
N 63.15 |
O 54.36 |
F 53.48 |
Ne 24.56 | ||||||||||
| Na 370.944 |
Mg 923 |
Al 933.47 |
Si 1687 |
P 317.30 704（红） （升华） 883（黑） |
S 368.4 388.36（β） 380.0（γ） |
Cl 171.6 |
Ar 83.81 | ||||||||||
| K 336.7 |
Ca 1115 |
Sc 1814 |
Ti 1941 |
V 2183 |
Cr 2180 |
Mn 1519 |
Fe 1811 |
Co 1768 |
Ni 1728 |
Cu 1357.77 |
Zn 692.68 |
Ga 302.9146 |
Ge 1211.40 |
As 887 （升华） |
Se 494 453（红） |
Br 265.8 |
Kr 115.78 |
| Rb 312.45 |
Sr 1050[2] |
Y 1799 |
Zr 2128 |
Nb 2750 |
Mo 2896 |
Tc 2430 |
Ru 2607 |
Rh 2237 |
Pd 1828.05 |
Ag 1234.93 |
Cd 594.22 |
In 429.75 |
Sn 505.08 |
Sb 903.78 |
Te 722.66 |
I 386.85 |
Xe 161.40 |
| Cs 301.7 |
Ba 1000[2] |
Hf 2506 |
Ta 3290 |
W 3695 |
Re 3459 |
Os 3306 |
Ir 2729 |
Pt 2041.4 |
Au 1337.33 |
Hg 234.32 |
Tl 577 |
Pb 600.61 |
Bi 544.7 |
Po 527 |
At 575 |
Rn 202 | |
| Fr 281.0 |
Ra 973[3] 另说1233[3] |
Rf (2400)[4] |
Cn (283±11)[5] |
Nh (700)[4] |
Fl (284±50)[6] |
Mc (670)[4] |
Lv (708.5±71.5)[7] |
Ts (723±100)[4] |
Og (325±15)[8] | ||||||||
| La 1193 |
Ce 1068 |
Pr 1208 |
Nd 1297 |
Pm 1315 |
Sm 1345 |
Eu 1099 |
Gd 1585 |
Tb 1629 |
Dy 1680 |
Ho 1734 |
Er 1802 |
Tm 1818 |
Yb 1097 |
Lu 1925 | |||
| Ac (1500)[9] |
Th 2115 |
Pa 1841 |
U 1405.3 |
Np 917 |
Pu 912.5 |
Am 1449 |
Cm 1613 |
Bk 1323 1259（β） |
Cf 1173 |
Es 1133 |
Fm (1800) |
Md (1100) |
No (1100)[10] |
Lr (1900) | |||
沸点
[编辑]| fff | ffe | ffd | efc | dfb | cfb | bfb | beb | adb | 9cb | 8cb | 7cc | 6cc | 6bc | 5ac | 49b | 38a | 27a | 26a | 259 | 249 | 238 | 237 | 126 | 025 | 888 |
| 0 ~ 249 | 249 ~ 498 | 498 ~ 747 | 747 ~ 996 | 996 ~ 1245 | 1245 ~ 1494 | 1494 ~ 1743 | 1743 ~ 1992 | 1992 ~ 2241 | 2241 ~ 2490 | 2490 ~ 2739 | 2739 ~ 2988 | 2988 ~ 3237 | 3237 ~ 3486 | 3486 ~ 3735 | 3735 ~ 3984 | 3984 ~ 4233 | 4233 ~ 4482 | 4482 ~ 4731 | 4731 ~ 4980 | 4980 ~ 5229 | 5229 ~ 5478 | 5478 ~ 5727 | 5727 ~ 5976 | 5976 ~ 6225 | 无法知道 |
| H 20.271 |
He 4.222 | ||||||||||||||||
| Li 1603 |
Be 2742 |
B 4200 |
C 3915 （升华） 4300（金刚石） |
N 77.355 |
O 90.188 |
F 85.04 |
Ne 27.104 | ||||||||||
| Na 1156.090 |
Mg 1363 |
Al 2743 |
Si 3538 |
P 550 704（红） （升华） |
S 717.8 717.8（β） 717.87（γ） |
Cl 239.11 |
Ar 87.302 | ||||||||||
| K 1032 |
Ca 1757 |
Sc 3109 |
Ti 3560 |
V 3680 |
Cr 2755 |
Mn 2334 |
Fe 3134 |
Co 3200 |
Ni 3003 |
Cu 2835 |
Zn 1180 |
Ga 2673 |
Ge 3106 |
As 887 （升华） |
Se 958 |
Br 332.0 |
Kr 119.735 |
| Rb 961 |
Sr 1655[2] |
Y 3203 |
Zr 4650 |
Nb 5017 |
Mo 4912 |
Tc 4538 |
Ru 4423 |
Rh 3968 |
Pd 3236 |
Ag 2483 |
Cd 1040 |
In 2345 |
Sn 2875 |
Sb 1908 |
Te 1261 |
I 457.4 |
Xe 165.051 |
| Cs 944 |
Ba 2118[2] |
Hf 4876 |
Ta 5731 |
W 6203 |
Re 5869 |
Os 5285 |
Ir 4403 |
Pt 4098 |
Au 3243 |
Hg 629.88 |
Tl 1746 |
Pb 2022 |
Bi 1837 |
Po 1235 |
At 503±3 |
Rn 211.5 | |
| Fr 890 |
Ra 2010 |
Rf (5800)[4] |
Cn (340±10)[5] |
Nh (1430)[4] |
Fl (380) |
Mc (1400)[4] |
Lv (1085±50)[7] |
Ts (883)[4] |
Og (450±10)[8] | ||||||||
| La 3737 |
Ce 3716 |
Pr 3403 |
Nd 3347 |
Pm 3273 |
Sm 2173 |
Eu 1802 |
Gd 3273 |
Tb 3396 |
Dy 2840 |
Ho 2873 |
Er 3141 |
Tm 2223 |
Yb 1703 |
Lu 3675 | |||
| Ac (3500±300)[9] |
Th 5061 |
Pa 4300 |
U 4404 |
Np 4273 |
Pu 3501 |
Am 2880 |
Cm 3383 |
Bk 2900（β） |
Cf (1743) |
Es (1269) |
|||||||
密度
[编辑]| fff | ffe | ffd | efc | dfb | cfb | bfb | beb | adb | 9cb | 8cb | 7cc | 6cc | 6bc | 5ac | 49b | 38a | 27a | 26a | 259 | 249 | 238 | 237 | 126 | 025 | 888 |
| 0 ~ 1.2 | 1.2 ~ 2.4 | 2.4 ~ 3.6 | 3.6 ~ 4.8 | 4.8 ~ 6 | 6 ~ 7.2 | 7.2 ~ 8.4 | 8.4 ~ 9.6 | 9.6 ~ 10.8 | 10.8 ~ 12 | 12 ~ 13.2 | 13.2 ~ 14.4 | 14.4 ~ 15.6 | 15.6 ~ 16.8 | 16.8 ~ 18 | 18 ~ 19.2 | 19.2 ~ 20.4 | 20.4 ~ 21.6 | 21.6 ~ 22.8 | 22.8 ~ 24 | 24 ~ 25.2 | 25.2 ~ 26.4 | 26.4 ~ 27.6 | 27.6 ~ 28.8 | 28.8 ~ 30 | 无法知道 |
| H 0.00008988 |
He 0.0001785 | ||||||||||||||||
| Li 0.534 |
Be 1.85 |
B 2.34 |
C 2.267 3.52（金刚石）[13] |
N 0.0012506 |
O 0.001429 |
F 0.001696 |
Ne 0.0009002 | ||||||||||
| Na 0.968 |
Mg 1.738 |
Al 2.70 |
Si 2.3290 |
P 1.823 2.2±0.2（红） |
S 2.07 |
Cl 0.0032 |
Ar 0.001784 | ||||||||||
| K 0.89 |
Ca 1.55 |
Sc 2.985 |
Ti 4.506 |
V 6.11 |
Cr 7.15 |
Mn 7.21 |
Fe 7.874 |
Co 8.90 |
Ni 8.908 |
Cu 8.96 |
Zn 7.14 |
Ga 5.91 |
Ge 5.323 |
As 5.727 |
Se 4.81 |
Br 3.1028 |
Kr 0.003749 |
| Rb 1.532 |
Sr 2.64 |
Y 4.472 |
Zr 6.52 |
Nb 8.57 |
Mo 10.28 |
Tc 11 |
Ru 12.45 |
Rh 12.41 |
Pd 12.023 |
Ag 10.49 |
Cd 8.65 |
In 7.31 |
Sn 7.265 |
Sb 6.697 |
Te 6.24 |
I 4.933 |
Xe 0.005894 |
| Cs 1.93 |
Ba 3.51 |
Hf 13.31 |
Ta 16.69 |
W 19.25 |
Re 21.02 |
Os 22.59 |
Ir 22.56 |
Pt 21.45 |
Au 19.3 |
Hg 13.534 |
Tl 11.85 |
Pb 11.34 |
Bi 9.78 |
Po 9.196 |
At (8.93±0.02) |
Rn 0.00973 | |
| Fr (2.48) |
Ra 5.5 |
Rf (17) |
Db (21.6) |
Sg (23.5±0.5) |
Bh (26.5±0.5) |
Hs (28±1) |
Mt (27.5±0.5) |
Ds (26.5±0.5) |
Rg (23±1) |
Cn (14.0) |
Nh (16)[14] |
Fl (11.4±0.3)[6] |
Mc (13.5)[14] |
Lv (12.9)[4] |
Ts (7.2±0.1)[7] |
Og (7.2)[8] | |
| La 6.162 |
Ce 6.770 |
Pr 6.77 |
Nd 7.01 |
Pm 7.26 |
Sm 7.52 |
Eu 5.244 |
Gd 7.90 |
Tb 8.23 |
Dy 8.540 |
Ho 8.79 |
Er 9.066 |
Tm 9.32 |
Yb 6.90 |
Lu 9.841 | |||
| Ac 10 |
Th 11.7 |
Pa 15.37 |
U 19.1 |
Np 20.45 |
Pu 19.85 |
Am 12 |
Cm 13.51 |
Bk 14.78 |
Cf 15.1 |
Es 8.84 |
Fm (9.7±0.1)[15] |
Md (10.3±0.7)[15] |
No (9.9±0.4)[15] |
Lr (14.4)[16] | |||
电负性（鲍林标度）
[编辑]自己看电负性#元素电负性表
第一电离能
[编辑]| fff | ffe | ffd | efc | dfb | cfb | bfb | beb | adb | 9cb | 8cb | 7cc | 6cc | 6bc | 5ac | 49b | 38a | 27a | 26a | 259 | 249 | 238 | 237 | 126 | 025 | 888 |
| 375 ~ 455 | 455 ~ 535 | 535 ~ 615 | 615 ~ 695 | 695 ~ 775 | 775 ~ 855 | 855 ~ 935 | 935 ~ 1015 | 1015 ~ 1095 | 1095 ~ 1175 | 1175 ~ 1255 | 1255 ~ 1335 | 1335 ~ 1415 | 1415 ~ 1495 | 1495 ~ 1575 | 1575 ~ 1655 | 1655 ~ 1735 | 1735 ~ 1815 | 1815 ~ 1895 | 1895 ~ 1975 | 1975 ~ 2055 | 2055 ~ 2135 | 2135 ~ 2215 | 2215 ~ 2295 | 2295 ~ 2375 | 无法知道 |
| H 1312.0 |
He 2372.3 | ||||||||||||||||
| Li 520.2 |
Be 899.5 |
B 800.6 |
C 1086.5 |
N 1402.3 |
O 1313.9 |
F 1681.0 |
Ne 2080.7 | ||||||||||
| Na 495.8 |
Mg 737.7 |
Al 577.5 |
Si 786.5 |
P 1011.8 |
S 999.6 |
Cl 1251.2 |
Ar 1520.6 | ||||||||||
| K 418.8 |
Ca 589.8 |
Sc 633.1 |
Ti 658.8 |
V 650.9 |
Cr 652.9 |
Mn 717.3 |
Fe 762.5 |
Co 760.4 |
Ni 737.1 |
Cu 745.5 |
Zn 906.4 |
Ga 578.8 |
Ge 762 |
As 947.0 |
Se 941.0 |
Br 1139.9 |
Kr 1350.8 |
| Rb 403.0 |
Sr 549.5 |
Y 600 |
Zr 640.1 |
Nb 652.1 |
Mo 684.3 |
Tc 702 |
Ru 710.2 |
Rh 719.7 |
Pd 804.4 |
Ag 731.0 |
Cd 867.8 |
In 558.3 |
Sn 708.6 |
Sb 834 |
Te 869.3 |
I 1008.4 |
Xe 1170.4 |
| Cs 375.7 |
Ba 502.9 |
Hf 658.5 |
Ta 761 |
W 770 |
Re 760 |
Os 840 |
Ir 880 |
Pt 870 |
Au 890.1 |
Hg 1007.1 |
Tl 589.4 |
Pb 715.6 |
Bi 703 |
Po 812.1 |
At 899.003 |
Rn 1037 | |
| Fr 393 |
Ra 509.3 |
Rf (580) |
Db (665) |
Sg (757) |
Bh (740) |
Hs (730) |
Mt (800) |
Ds (960) |
Rg (1020) |
Cn (1155) |
Nh (707.2) |
Fl (832.2) |
Mc (538.3) |
Lv (663.9) |
Ts (736.9) |
Og (860.1) | |
| La 538.1 |
Ce 534.4 |
Pr 527 |
Nd 533.1 |
Pm 540 |
Sm 544.5 |
Eu 547.1 |
Gd 593.4 |
Tb 565.8 |
Dy 573.0 |
Ho 581.0 |
Er 589.3 |
Tm 596.7 |
Yb 603.4 |
Lu 523.5 | |||
| Ac 499 |
Th 587 |
Pa 568 |
U 597.6 |
Np 604.5 |
Pu 584.7 |
Am 578 |
Cm 581 |
Bk 601 |
Cf 608 |
Es 619 |
Fm 629 |
Md 636 |
No 639 |
Lr 479 | |||
电子亲和能
[编辑]| fff | ffe | ffd | efc | dfb | cfb | bfb | beb | adb | 9cb | 8cb | 7cc | 6cc | 6bc | 5ac | 49b | 38a | 27a | 26a | 259 | 249 | 238 | 237 | 126 | 025 | 888 |
| -25 ~ -10 | -10 ~ 5 | 5 ~ 20 | 20 ~ 35 | 35 ~ 50 | 50 ~ 65 | 65 ~ 80 | 80 ~ 95 | 95 ~ 110 | 110 ~ 125 | 125 ~ 140 | 140 ~ 155 | 155 ~ 170 | 170 ~ 185 | 185 ~ 200 | 200 ~ 215 | 215 ~ 230 | 230 ~ 245 | 245 ~ 260 | 260 ~ 275 | 275 ~ 290 | 290 ~ 305 | 305 ~ 320 | 320 ~ 335 | 335 ~ 350 | 无法知道 |
| H 72.8 |
|||||||||||||||||
| Li 59.6 |
B 27.0 |
C 121.8 |
N -6.8 |
O 141.0 |
F 328.2 |
||||||||||||
| Na 52.9 |
Al 41.8 |
Si 134.1 |
P 72.0 |
S 200.4 |
Cl 348.6 |
||||||||||||
| K 48.4 |
Ca 2.4 |
Sc 17.3 |
Ti 7.3 |
V 50.9 |
Cr 65.2 |
Fe 14.8 |
Co 63.9 |
Ni 111.7 |
Cu 119.2 |
Ga 29.1 |
Ge 118.9 |
As 77.7 |
Se 195.0 |
Br 324.5 |
|||
| Rb 46.9 |
Sr 5.0 |
Y 30.0 |
Zr 41.8 |
Nb 88.5 |
Mo 72.1 |
Ru 101.0 |
Rh 110.3 |
Pd 54.2 |
Ag 125.9 |
In 37.0 |
Sn 107.3 |
Sb 101.0 |
Te 190.2 |
I 295.2 |
|||
| Cs 45.5 |
Ba 14.0 |
Hf 17.2 |
Ta 31.7 |
W 78.8 |
Re 5.8 |
Os 104.0 |
Ir 150.9 |
Pt 205.0 |
Au 222.7 |
Tl 30.9 |
Pb 34.4 |
Bi 90.9 |
At 233.1 |
||||
| La 53.8 |
Ce 57.9 |
Pr 10.5 |
Nd 9.4 |
Pm 12.5 |
Sm 15.6 |
Eu 11.2 |
Gd 20.5 |
Tb 12.7 |
Dy 1.5 |
Ho 32.6 |
Tm 99 |
Lu 23.0 | |||||
| Th 58.6 |
U 30.4 |
||||||||||||||||
原子半径（测量宏观物质法）
[编辑]| fff | ffe | ffd | efc | dfb | cfb | bfb | beb | adb | 9cb | 8cb | 7cc | 6cc | 6bc | 5ac | 49b | 38a | 27a | 26a | 259 | 249 | 238 | 237 | 126 | 025 | 888 |
| 0 ~ 12 | 12 ~ 24 | 24 ~ 36 | 36 ~ 48 | 48 ~ 60 | 60 ~ 72 | 72 ~ 84 | 84 ~ 96 | 96 ~ 108 | 108 ~ 120 | 120 ~ 132 | 132 ~ 144 | 144 ~ 156 | 156 ~ 168 | 168 ~ 180 | 180 ~ 192 | 192 ~ 204 | 204 ~ 216 | 216 ~ 228 | 228 ~ 240 | 240 ~ 252 | 252 ~ 264 | 264 ~ 276 | 276 ~ 288 | 288 ~ 300 | 无法知道 |
使用以下算式算出：原子半径
![{\displaystyle ={\sqrt[{3}]{\frac {3m_{a}A_{PF}}{4\pi \rho N_{A}}}}}](/media/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/102274c36a36f4432d960a5f7978095c9e7ec617)
如果我找不到就直接放理论上限了
| H <157 |
He 201 | ||||||||||||||||
| Li 152 |
Be 113 |
B <111 |
C 77 |
N <172 |
O <160 |
F <155 |
Ne 170 | ||||||||||
| Na 186 |
Mg 160 |
Al 143 |
Si 118 |
P <171 |
S <166 |
Cl <188 |
Ar 203 | ||||||||||
| K 228 |
Ca 197 |
Sc 164 |
Ti 146 |
V 131 |
Cr 125 |
Mn <131 |
Fe 124 |
Co 125 |
Ni 125 |
Cu 128 |
Zn <139 |
Ga <151 |
Ge 123 |
As <157 |
Se <169 |
Br <196 |
Kr 217 |
| Rb 247 |
Sr 214 |
Y 180 |
Zr 160 |
Nb 143 |
Mo 136 |
Tc 137 |
Ru 134 |
Rh 135 |
Pd 137 |
Ag 145 |
Cd <156 |
In <166 |
Sn 141 |
Sb <175 |
Te <182 |
I <196 |
Xe 236 |
| Cs 265 |
Ba 219 |
Hf 158 |
Ta 143 |
W 137 |
Re 138 |
Os 135 |
Ir 136 |
Pt 139 |
Au 144 |
Hg <163 |
Tl 172 |
Pb 175 |
Bi <184 |
Po 168 |
At 190 |
Rn 246 | |
| Fr 289 |
Ra 223 |
Rf 166 |
Db 150 |
Sg 146 |
Bh 144 |
Hs 141 |
Mt 144 |
Ds 142 |
Rg 149 |
Cn 181 |
Nh 174 |
Fl 195 |
Og 229 | ||||
| La 188 |
Ce 182 |
Pr 183 |
Nd 182 |
Pm 180 |
Sm 180 |
Eu 198 |
Gd 180 |
Tb 178 |
Dy 177 |
Ho 177 |
Er 176 |
Tm 175 |
Yb 195 |
Lu 173 | |||
| Ac 188 |
Th 180 |
Pa <164 |
U <154 |
Np <150 |
Pu <153 |
Am 181 |
Cm 175 |
Bk 170 |
Cf 170 |
Es 203 |
Fm 198 |
Md 194 |
No 197 |
Lr 176 | |||
注释
[编辑]- ^ 氦在常压下是不会凝固的
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ 来源.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Lide, D. R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
84th. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-8493-0484-2.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Kirby, H. W.; Salutsky, Murrell L. The Radiochemistry of Radium (PDF). National Academies Press. 1964: 4.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria. Transactinides and the future elements. Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (编). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements 3rd. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. 2006. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Mewes, J.-M.; Smits, O. R.; Kresse, G.; Schwerdtfeger, P. Copernicium is a Relativistic Noble Liquid. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2019. doi:10.1002/anie.201906966.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Florez, Edison; Smits, Odile R.; Mewes, Jan-Michael; Jerabek, Paul; Schwerdtfeger, Peter. From the gas phase to the solid state: The chemical bonding in the superheavy element flerovium. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 2022, 157. doi:10.1063/5.0097642.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Bonchev, Danail; Kamenska, Verginia. Predicting the Properties of the 113–120 Transactinide Elements. Journal of Physical Chemistry (American Chemical Society). 1981, 85 (9): 1177–1186. doi:10.1021/j150609a021.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Smits, Odile; Mewes, Jan-Michael; Jerabek, Paul; Schwerdtfeger, Peter. Oganesson: A Noble Gas Element That Is Neither Noble Nor a Gas. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59 (52): 23636–23640. PMC 7814676
. PMID 32959952. doi:10.1002/anie.202011976.
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Kirby, Harold W.; Morss, Lester R. Actinium. The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements. 2006: 18. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_2.
- ^ Lide, David R. (编). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 84th. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. 2003. ISBN 0-8493-0484-9.
- ^ 来源.
- ^ 来源.
- ^ Diamond. Mindat. [July 7, 2009].
- ^ 14.0 14.1 Fricke, Burkhard. Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties. Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. Structure and Bonding. 1975, 21: 89–144 [4 October 2013]. ISBN 978-3-540-07109-9. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498.
- ^ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Fournier, Jean-Marc. Bonding and the electronic structure of the actinide metals. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 1976, 37 (2): 235–244. Bibcode:1976JPCS...37..235F. doi:10.1016/0022-3697(76)90167-0.
- ^ Gyanchandani, Jyoti; Sikka, S. K. Physical properties of the 6 d -series elements from density functional theory: Close similarity to lighter transition metals. Physical Review B. 10 May 2011, 83 (17): 172101. Bibcode:2011PhRvB..83q2101G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.83.172101.
- ^ 来源.
- ^ 来源.