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Robert D. Mare
Born1951
North Vancouver, Canada
DiedFebruary 1, 2021
Marina Del Rey, California
Alma materReed College
University of Michigan
Known forSocial Stratification, Social Demography, Statistical Methods, Assortative Mating, Educational Attainment, Neighborhood Change, Multigenerational Inequality
AwardsGuggenheim Fellowship
Paul F. Lazarsfeld Award
American Journal of Sociology Roger V. Gould Prize, 2006-07 (with E. Bruch)
fellow of National Academy of Sciences
fellow of American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Robert M. Hauser Award
Scientific career
FieldsSociology, Statistics, Demography
InstitutionsUniversity of California, Los Angeles
Nuffield College, Oxford university
Thesis Growth and Distribution of Schooling in White Male American Cohorts: 1907-1952

Robert D. Mare was a sociologist, demographer, statistician, and educator. He researched stratification, demography, education, and family. He was Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Statistics at UCLA and an associate member of Nuffield College at Oxford University. Mare served as editor of Demography in 1995-98 and President of the Population Association of America (PAA) in 2010[1], President of the International Sociological Association Research Committee 28 (RC28) on Social Stratification and Mobility in 2006, and founded the California Center for Population Research (CCPR) at UCLA[2][3]. He is the former chair (2004-08) of the Governing Board of the NORC (National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago) General Social Survey[4]. He is widely known for his contributions to social demography in five major areas: models of educational stratification; marriage markets and assortative mating; statistical methods; neighborhood change; and population models of stratification.[5] His work pays a special attention to the connection between demographic processes and social inequality.

Education and Career

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Robert Mare was born in North Vancouver, Canada in 1951 to Helen and Arthur Mare. Mare received his bachelor's degree at Reed College in 1973 and completed his doctorate at the University of Michigan in 1977 in the Department of Sociology. His advisor at Reed College was John Pock and at the University of Michigan was William Mason. He was a faculty member of the University of Wisconsin-Madison between 1977-1997, where he directed the Center of Demography and Ecology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison from 1989-1994. He then joined the faculty at UCLA in sociology and founded the California Center for Population Research at UCLA in 1998[6]. He mentored several generations of social scientists who went on to influential careers in academia and think tanks.[7]

Research

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Robert Mare's areas of research include youth unemployment, social mobility, differential mortality, assortative mating, and residential mobility and segregation[8][9].

Recognition and awards


The Mare Model on Educational Attainment

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Mare's first major contribution was published in a 1980 article in the Journal of the American Statistical Association[11]), in which he convincingly argued that factors influencing educational attainment differed in importance by transition points, such as the transition from high school completion to college. In doing so, Mare found something that others had missed: family resources mattered most earlier, rather than later, in the educational process. As students move through the system, their own performance becomes more important and their parents’ resources matter less. The combination of an innovative approach and counter-intuitive finding came to be known as the “Mare Model.” To this day the Mare Model continues to be used, debated, challenged, and improved upon by sociologists and economists studying educational inequality.

Statistical Methods

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Mare is well known for his contributions to social measurement model[12], educational transition model[13], Log-linear analysis[14] [15], Selection bias, Proportional hazards model[16], Markov model (a joint demographic and social mobility model[17]).

Mare received the 1999 Paul Lazarsfeld Award from the Methodology Section of the American Sociological Association, which recognizes outstanding contributions over a career to sociological methodology[18].

Assortative Mating

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In a highly influential paper[19], Mare showed that marriages between people with different amounts of schooling were less likely for the highly educated. College goers were more likely to marry other college goers, and that tendency was increasing. A key implication of an increase in educational assortative mating is that it can increase inequality in family resources and children's socioeconomic achievement. Mare’s work on assortative mating has shown, among other things, that educational homogamy has increased over time and that, within cohorts, homogamy increases with age as a consequence of divorces, remarriages, and educational upgrading. In a follow-up paper with Christine Schwartz, Mare showed that educational homogamy decreased from 1940 to 1960 but increased from 1960 to 2003[20]. These trends suggested a growing social divide between those with very low levels of education and those with more education in the United States.

Neighborhood Change and Residential Mobility

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Mare developed a dynamic analysis of residential mobility and residential segregation by income and race. Specific topics of his work include conceptualization and measurement of neighborhoods, methodology of assessing neighborhood effects on individual outcomes, economic and racial residential segregation, residential preferences, residential mobility, and linking micro residential preferences and decisions to segregation and other macro-level phenomena. His 2006 work with Elizabeth E. Bruch on the relationships between the residential choices of individuals and aggregate segregation patterns has received Robert Park Best Article Award from American Sociological Association Section on Community and Urban Sociology, James S. Coleman Best Article Award from American Sociological Association Section on Rationality and Society, and Roger V. Gould Prize from American Journal of Sociology.[21] He carried out a partial third wave of the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (L.A.FANS)(with Robert J. Sampson) as part of the Mixed Income Project (MIP).[22]

A Multigenerational View of Inequality

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In his 2010 PAA presidential address[23], Mare called for current social and demographic research to go beyond traditional two-generation paradigm and understand the influences of grandparents, nonresident kin and remote ancestors under different circumstances. Key multigenerational mechanisms include not only the transmission of genetic traits, socioeconomic status, and social and cultural capitals within family lineages, but also demographic processes––such as mating, reproduction and mortality––that shape socioeconomic distributions in successive generations.[24]


Publications

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Mare's most cited publications are[25]:

  • Mare, R. D. 1980. "Social Background and School Continuation Decisions." Journal of the American Statistical Association 75(370): 295 - 305.
  • Mare, R. D. 1981. "Change and Stability in Educational Stratification." American Sociological Review 46: 72-87.
  • Mare, R. D. 1991. "Five decades of educational assortative mating". American Sociological Review 56: 15-32.
  • Mare, R. D. 2011. "A Multigenerational View of Inequality". Demography 48: 1-23.

Personal Life

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Rob Mare was married to Judith A. Seltzer, Research Professor of Sociology at UCLA, his partner and colleague since their graduate studies at the University of Michigan.


References

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  1. ^ "Interviews with Presidents of the Population Association of America" (PDF). PAA. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  2. ^ "In memoriam: Robert Mare, 69, expert in social inequality and demographic trends". UCLA. Retrieved 2021-10-14.
  3. ^ "In memoriam: Robert Mare, 69, expert in social inequality and demographic trends". ASA. Retrieved 2021-11-27.
  4. ^ "Robert D. Mare". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  5. ^ "Robert D. Mare Past Honored Member". PAA. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  6. ^ "In memoriam: Robert Mare, 69, expert in social inequality and demographic trends". UCLA. Retrieved 2021-10-11.
  7. ^ "Robert D. Mare Curriculum vitae" (PDF). Stanford. Retrieved 2021-10-11.
  8. ^ "Robert D. Mare". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 2021-10-11.
  9. ^ "UCLA Sociology". soc.ucla.edu. Retrieved 2021-10-11.
  10. ^ "ASA footnotes". www.asanet.org. Retrieved 2021-10-11.
  11. ^ "Social Background and School Continuation Decisions". Journal of the American Statistical Association. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  12. ^ "Children's Reports of Parental Socioeconomic Status: A Multiple Group Measurement Model". Sage Journals. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  13. ^ "Social Background and School Continuation Decisions". Journal of the American Statistical Association. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  14. ^ "Log-Linear Models for Missing Data: A Latent Class Approach". Sociological Methodology. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  15. ^ ""Log-Linear Models for Reciprocal and Other Simultaneous Effects". Sociological Methodology. Retrieved 2021-11-28. {{cite web}}: line feed character in |title= at position 44 (help)
  16. ^ "Discrete-Time Bivariate Hazards with Unobserved Heterogeneity: A Partially Observed Contingency Table Approach". Sociological Methodology. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  17. ^ "Prospective Versus Retrospective Approaches to the Study of Intergenerational Social Mobility". Sage Journals. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  18. ^ "Methodology Award Recipient History". American Sociological Association. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  19. ^ "Five Decades of Educational Assortative Mating". jstor.org. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  20. ^ "Trends in educational assortative marriage from 1940 to 2003". link.springer.com. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  21. ^ "Neighborhood Choice and Neighborhood Change". journals.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2021-11-21.
  22. ^ "Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (L.A.FANS), Wave 3, Public Data". icpsr.umich.edu. Retrieved 2021-11-28. {{cite web}}: Text "Mixed Income Project (MIP), 2011-2013 (ICPSR 37845)" ignored (help)
  23. ^ "A Multigenerational View of Inequality". dukeupress.edu. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  24. ^ "Multigenerational aspects of social stratification: Issues for further research". ScienceDirect.com. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  25. ^ "UCLA Sociology". soc.ucla.edu. Retrieved 2021-10-14.
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