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Anatomical measurements

Measurements (Female/Male)	Length of proboscis	Width of proboscis	Length of proboscis receptacle	Width of proboscis receptacle	Length of trunk (mm)	Width of trunk (mm)	Length of small rootless spines	Length of lemnisci	Size of eggs (um)	Size of anterior/posterior testis (mm)
M. africanus					4.00-110.00 3.0-74.0	0.60-4.00 0.5-2.80			65-86x39-52	0.37-4.10x0.30-1.10 ?x0.32-3.15
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Name	Taxonomy	Host(s) and Range	Description
Mediorhynchus africanus Amin, Evans, Heckmann and El-Naggar, 2013	The species name africanus is named for the worm's distribution across sub-Saharan Africa. It is synonymous with Empodius segmentatus (de Marval, 1902) Southwell et MacFie, 1925 and Mediorhynchus selengensis Harris 1973.	The trunk is pseudosegmented, flattened laterally, has many prevalent sensory pits. There is marked sexual dimorphism with the female being much larger. There are up to 100 annuli (structures that permits shortening and lengthening of the body by telescoping) in females but fewer in the shorter males. The proboscis is divided by a prominent ridge into two parts: anterior and posterior. The anterior proboscis is pear or apple-shaped with a truncated bare apical end measuring 250 to 339 long by 278 to 478 wide in the male and 300 to 438 long by 330 to 510 wide in the female. The anterior proboscis has two prominent apical pores and 18 to 22 longitudinal rows of 4 to 6 hooks each. The hooks posteriorly directed and measure between 35 and 76 long with the smallest found anteriorly and the longest in the middle. The posterior proboscis is conically shaped and measures 291 to 332 long by 591 to 689 wide at junction with anterior trunk in the male, and 323 to 365 long by 99 to 745 wide at junction with anterior trunk in the female. Except for the posterior most end, the posterior proboscis is covered in very thin spines that are curved posteriorly or undulating with a total of 26 to 40 longitudinal rows of 2 to 6 spines each measuring 14 to 43 long with the longest spines found anteriorly. The Proboscis receptacle is single-walled with anterior portion encased in jacket of adjacent retractor fibers and measures 0.64 to 1.23 mm long by 0.11 to 0.44 mm wide in the male and 0.64 to 1.80 mm long by 0.11 to 0.55 mm wide in the female. The proboscis retractor muscles are prominent and attached to the proboscis receptacle near its posterior end dorsally. The lemnisci long, digitiform, unequal, and unattached. The shorter lemniscus measure between 1.60 and 3.38 mm long by 0.21 and 0.31 mm wide, with 5 or 6 giant nuclei in the male and measure 1.60 to 5.50 mm long by 0.19 to 0.33 mm wide, with 5 or 6 giant nuclei in the female. Longer lemniscus measures 2.15 to 3.47 mm long by 0.21 to 0.33 mm wide with 6, occasionally 7, giant nuclei in the male and measures 2.12 to 7.31 mm long by 0.19 to 0.62 mm wide with 6 giant nuclei in the female. The male reproductive system is located in the posterior third of trunk and consists of two oblong testes. There are eight clustered cement glands larger anteriorly, each with one large central giant nucleus and with independent cement ducts emptying at posterior end of Saefftigen’s pouch, along with prominent common sperm duct. The male gonopore is terminal. The female reproductive system is short and located in the broad and flat posterior end of trunk. The uterine bell contains many large nucleated cells with its dorsal and ventral anterior ends connected to body wall with filaments. The gonopore is sub-ventral occasionally covered by a looping posterior trunk expansion. The Yellow-necked spurfowl (Pternistis leucoscepus) is found in Kenya The Helmeted guineafowl is found in Kruger National Park (South Africa), Morocco, Nigeria and Burkina Faso	The trunk is pseudosegmented, flattened laterally, has many prevalent sensory pits, and measures 3.0 to 74.0 mm long by 0.5 to 2.80 mm wide in the male and measures between 4.00 and 110.00 mm long by 0.60 and 4.00 mm wide in the much larger female. There are up to 100 annuli (structures that permits shortening and lengthening of the body by telescoping) in females but fewer in the shorter males. The proboscis is divided by a prominent ridge into two parts: anterior and posterior. The anterior proboscis is pear or apple-shaped with a truncated bare apical end measuring 250 to 339 long by 278 to 478 wide in the male and 300 to 438 long by 330 to 510 wide in the female. The anterior proboscis has two prominent apical pores and 18 to 22 longitudinal rows of 4 to 6 hooks each. The hooks posteriorly directed and measure between 35 and 76 long with the smallest found anteriorly and the longest in the middle. The posterior proboscis is conically shaped and measures 291 to 332 long by 591 to 689 wide at junction with anterior trunk in the male, and 323 to 365 long by 99 to 745 wide at junction with anterior trunk in the female. Except for the posterior most end, the posterior proboscis is covered in very thin spines that are curved posteriorly or undulating with a total of 26 to 40 longitudinal rows of 2 to 6 spines each measuring 14 to 43 long with the longest spines found anteriorly. The Proboscis receptacle is single-walled with anterior portion encased in jacket of adjacent retractor fibers and measures 0.64 to 1.23 mm long by 0.11 to 0.44 mm wide in the male and 0.64 to 1.80 mm long by 0.11 to 0.55 mm wide in the female. The proboscis retractor muscles are prominent and attached to the proboscis receptacle near its posterior end dorsally. The lemnisci long, digitiform, unequal, and unattached. The shorter lemniscus measure between 1.60 and 3.38 mm long by 0.21 and 0.31 mm wide, with 5 or 6 giant nuclei in the male and measure 1.60 to 5.50 mm long by 0.19 to 0.33 mm wide, with 5 or 6 giant nuclei in the female. Longer lemniscus measures 2.15 to 3.47 mm long by 0.21 to 0.33 mm wide with 6, occasionally 7, giant nuclei in the male and measures 2.12 to 7.31 mm long by 0.19 to 0.62 mm wide with 6 giant nuclei in the female. The male reproductive system is located in the posterior third of trunk and consists of two oblong testes measuring Anterior testis measure 0.37 to 4.10 mm long by 0.30 to 1.10 mm wide and the posterior testis measure 0.32 to 3.15 mm wide. There are eight clustered cement glands larger anteriorly, each with one large central giant nucleus and with independent cement ducts emptying at posterior end of Saefftigen’s pouch, along with prominent common sperm duct. The male gonopore is terminal. The female reproductive system is short and located in the broad and flat posterior end of trunk. The uterine bell contains many large nucleated cells with its dorsal and ventral anterior ends connected to body wall with filaments. The gonopore is sub-ventral occasionally covered by a looping posterior trunk expansion. The eggs are ovoid being 65 to 86 long by 39 to 52 wide.
Mediorhynchus alecturae (Johnston and Edmonds, 1947)		The Australian brushturkey is a host of M. alecturae	Queensland, Australia Type locality: Eidsvold
Mediorhynchus cambellensis Soota, Srivastava and Ghosh, 1969
Mediorhynchus centurorum Nickol, 1969
Mediorhynchus channapettae George and Nadakal, 1984
Mediorhynchus cisticolae Smales, 2011		The Red-faced cisticola is a host of M. cisticolae
Mediorhynchus colluricinclae Smales, 2002
Mediorhynchus conirostris Ward, 1966
Mediorhynchus corcoracis Johnston and Edmonds, 1950	White-winged chough (Corcorax melanorhamphos) The little crow (Corvus bennetti) The Australian raven (Corvus coronoides) The little raven (Corvus mellori) Australian magpie lark (Grallina cyanolenca)	New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, and South Australia South Australia South Australia Victoria and South Australia south Australia and the northern territory	It is named after the genus name of a host species Corcorax.
Mediorhynchus edmondsi Schmidt and Kuntz, 1977
Mediorhynchus emberizae (Rudolphi, 1819)
Mediorhynchus empodius (Skrjabin, 1913)
Mediorhynchus fatimaae Khan, Bilqees and Muti-ur-Rehman, 2004		The White-eyed buzzard is a host of M. fatimaae
Mediorhynchus gallinarum (Bhalerao, 1937)
Mediorhynchus gibsoni Bilqees, Khan, Khatoon and Khatoon, 2007
Mediorhynchus giganteus Meyer, 1931
Mediorhynchus grandis Van Cleave, 1916
Mediorhynchus indicus Varghese-George, Mathai-Nadakal, Kunjanpillai-Vijayakumaran and Rajendran, 1981
Mediorhynchus kuntzi Ward, 1960
Mediorhynchus lagodekhiensis Kuraschvili, 1955
Mediorhynchus leptis Ward, 1966
Mediorhynchus lophurae Wang, 1966
Mediorhynchus mariae George and Nadakal, 1984
Mediorhynchus mattei Marchand and Vassiliades, 1982		The northern red-billed hornbill is the type-host of M. mattei
Mediorhynchus meiringi Bisseru, 1960
Mediorhynchus micracanthus (Rudolphi, 1819)
Mediorhynchus mirabilis (de Marval, 1905)
Mediorhynchus murtensis Lundström, 1942
Mediorhynchus nickoli Khan, Bilqees and Muti-ur-Rehman, 2004		The Black kite is a host of M. nickoli
Mediorhynchus numidae (Baer, 1925)
Mediorhynchus orientalis Belopolskaya, 1953
Mediorhynchus oswaldocruzi Travassos, 1923
Mediorhynchus otidis (Miescher, 1841)
Mediorhynchus pandei Bhattacharya, 2007
Mediorhynchus papillosus Van Cleave, 1916
Mediorhynchus passerus Das, 1951
Mediorhynchus pauciuncinatus Dollfus, 1959
Mediorhynchus peckeri Bhattacharya, 1999
Mediorhynchus peruensis Moya, Martinez and Tantalean, 2011
Mediorhynchus petrochenkoi Gvosdev and Soboleva, 1966
Mediorhynchus pintoi Travassos, 1923
Mediorhynchus quilonensis Bhattacharya, 2007
Mediorhynchus rajasthanensis Gupta, 1976
Mediorhynchus robustus Van Cleave, 1916		The Yellow-breasted chat is a host of M. robustus
Mediorhynchus rodensis Cosin, 1971		The Eurasian jay is one of the hosts of M. rodensis
Mediorhynchus sipocotensis Tubangui, 1935
Mediorhynchus spinaepaucitas Smales, 2011		The Yellow-throated longclaw is a host of M. spinaepaucitas
Mediorhynchus taeniatus (von Linstow, 1901)		The African pied hornbill is a host of M. taeniatus The Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill is a host of M. taeniatus
Mediorhynchus tanagrae (Rudolphi, 1819)
Mediorhynchus tenuis Meyer, 1931		The Common rock thrush is one of the hosts of M. tenuis
Mediorhynchus textori Barus, Six and Majumdar, 1978
Mediorhynchus thrushi Bhattacharya, 2000
Mediorhynchus turdi Smales, 2011
Mediorhynchus turnixena (Tubangui, 1931)
Mediorhynchus vaginatus (Diesing, 1851)
Mediorhynchus vancleavei (Lundström, 1942)
Mediorhynchus wardi Schmidt and Canaris, 1967
Mediorhynchus zosteropis (Porta, 1913)	The Hooded crow is one of the hosts of M. zosteropis	Vratsa in the Vrachanska Planina mountains of Bulgaria and generally distributed in New Caledonia and the Palaearctic.	It is also reported in the Muscicapidae Diaphanopterus naevius similimus and the silvereye (Zosterops lateralis) in New Caledonia.