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[edit]
United States invasion of Afghanistan
Part of the War in Afghanistan (1995-1996) and war on terror

Major American special forces operations in Afghan territory between February 1995 and March 1996
Date7 February 1995 – 17 March 1996
(1 year, 1 month, 1 week and 3 days)
Location
Afghanistan
Result
  • Decisive American-led coalition victory
Belligerents

Non-state allies:

Commanders and leaders
Strength
  • 10,000 Pakistani militants (claimed)[10]
Casualties and losses
  • 35,650+ killed/captured[8]
3,537–5,375 Afghan civilians killed[13]
Assassination of Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II in 1988
LocationMakati, Philippines
Date15 January 1995; 30 years ago (1995-01-15)
TargetPope John Paul II
Attack type
Suicide bombing
Deaths73 killed (during the suicide bombing)
1 killed (test bomb in Philippine Airlines Flight 434)
Injured127+ injured (during the suicide bombing)
10 injured (test bomb in Philippine Airlines Flight 434)
PerpetratorsAl-Qaeda and Jemaah Islamiyah
AccusedKhalid Sheikh Mohammed
ConvictedRamzi Yusuf
Abdul Hakim Murad
Wali Khan Amin Shah
Operation Bojinka
LocationMakati, Philippines (Phase I)
London, United Kingdom, Paris, France and Airspace over Pacific Ocean (Phase II)
Langley, New York City, Arlington, Washington, D.C., Chicago, Los Angeles, Detroit and San Francisco, U.S. (Phase III)
DateJanuary 15–22, 1995
TargetPhase 1: Pope John Paul II
Phase 2: 13 American airliners, four London Undergroundstrains, The Bataclan theatre, Boulevard Voltaire, Rue de Charonne, Rues Bichat and Alibert
Phase 3: World Trade Center, Pentagon, United States Capitol, White House, Sears Tower, U.S. Bank Tower, Renaissance Center, Transamerica Pyramid and the CIA Headquarters
Attack type
Islamic terrorism, suicide attack, bombing, mass murder, assassination and aircraft hijacking
Deaths13,450+
Injured37,700-105,000+
PerpetratorsAl-Qaeda and Jemaah Islamiyah, led by Osama bin Laden
MotiveUnited States foreign policy in the Middle East
Anti-Christian sentiment
COVID-19 pandemic
Confirmed deaths per 100,000 population
as of 20 December 2023
Cases per capita
Cumulative percentage of population infected
as of 19 March 2022
  •   >10%
  •   3–10%
  •   1–3%
  •   0.3–1%
  •   0.1–0.3%
  •   0.03–0.1%
  •   0–0.03%
  •   None or no data
DiseaseCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Virus strainSevere acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2)
SourceBats[14] (indirectly)[15]
LocationChina (Minor spread Worldwide)
Index caseWuhan, China
30°37′11″N 114°15′28″E / 30.61972°N 114.25778°E / 30.61972; 114.25778
1 December 2019
(5 years, 6 months and 4 weeks ago)
DatesAssessed by WHO as pandemic: 11 March 2020 (5 years and 3 months ago)[16]
Confirmed cases775,866,783[17] (true case count is expected to be much higher)[18]
Deaths
7,057,132[17] (reported)
18.2–33.5 million[19] (estimated)
Fatality rateAs of 10 March 2023: 1.02%[20]

92nd Support Battalion

[edit]

uk:92-й окремий батальйон підтримки

Main article: 92nd Support Battalion (Ukraine)
92nd Support Battalion
92-й окремий батальйон підтримки
Founded2024 (2024)
Country Ukraine
Branch Ukrainian Ground Forces
TypeBattalion
RoleEngineering
Size~200
Part ofSupport Forces Command
Engagements

The 92nd Support Battalion (MUN A4934)[21] is a battalion level military unit of the Ukrainian Support Forces, part of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. It has seen combat during the Russian invasion of Ukraine being involved in engineering, demining and CBRN warfare tasks.

History

[edit]

It saw combat during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. On May 25, 2024, a soldier of the battalion (Igor Rutkovsky Ivanovich) was killed in combat in Donetsk Oblast.[22][23][24] In February 2024, it started a fundraiser campaign for a locker mobile workshop with half the finding completed by May[25] and fully in July 2024 and the vehicle was transferred to the battalion.[26]

Structure

[edit]
  • Management and Headquarters
  • Engineering Department
  • Support Department
  • CBRN Defense Department[27]
  • Commandant Platoon

16th Support Regiment

[edit]

uk:16-й окремий полк підтримки (Україна)

Main article: 16th Support Regiment (Ukraine)
16th Support Regiment
16-й окремий полк підтримки
Founded2018 (2018)
Country Ukraine
Branch Ukrainian Ground Forces
TypeRegiment
RoleEngineering
Part ofOperational Command South
Garrison/HQSemenivka
Engagements

The 16th Support Regiment (MUN A2558) is a regiment level military unit of the Ukrainian Support Forces, part of the Armed Forces of Ukraine's Operational Command South. It was established in 2018, but existed earlier as the engineering unit of the operational-tactical group "South". It is headquartered in Semenivka. It has seen combat during both, the War in Donbass and the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

History

[edit]

It was established on the basis of the 28th Mechanized Brigade in Semenivka as part of Operational Command South. In November 2016, the operational-tactical group "South" held engineering exercises involving GMZ-3 minelayers and TDA-M smokescreen makers.[28] Further exercises in March 2017 also saw the use of RCBZ smokescreen makers.[29] In 2018, headquarters building was being constructed for the Regiment[30][31] and 4-story barracks, tankodrome, autodrome and other buildings were being constructed for the regiment.[32] The regiment also started a recruitment campaign.[33]

The regiment saw action during the War in Donbass. A serviceman of the regiment (Budnyk Oleg Vasilyevich) was killed in combat on 17 January 2019 by a landmine hitting his vehicle.[34]

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, it saw combat. Since November 2022, the Regiment has been conducting demining operations in the Mykolaiv Oblast and Kherson Oblast and also participated in combat operations such as the Battle of Krynky. On 28 January 2024, a soldier of the regiment (Vovk Ihor) was killed during battles in Kozachi Laheri.[35] A serviceman of the regiment (Andriy Olegovich Levytskyi) was killed in action on 24 December 2024 near Kizomys.[36][37][38][39]

Equipment

[edit]
Model Image Origin Type Number Details
Vehicles
GMZ-3 Soviet Union Minelayer [28]
TDA-M Soviet Union Smokescreen [28]
IMR-2 Soviet Union Heavy Combat engineering vehicle [32]

Commanders

[edit]
  • Colonel Kupchuk Oleksandr Ivanovych[40]

Structure

[edit]
  • Management and Headquarters
  • 1st Engineering Battalion
  • 2nd Engineering Battalion
  • Personnel Department[41]
  • Engineering Structures Department[41]
  • Traffic Support Company[41]
  • Commandant Platoon

Sources

[edit]
  • "Інженерні підрозділи ОТУ «Південь» готові до виконання завдань за призначенням". wartime.org.ua. Військова панорама. 2017-03-13. Archived from the original on 2017-09-23. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  • "Українські сапери потренувалися боротися з ворожим морським десантом". 24tv.ua. 24 канал. 2016-12-05. Archived from the original on 16 January 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  • Підрозділи збройних сил поповнюються оновленою технікою РХБЗ Archived 6 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine

12th Support Regiment

[edit]

uk:12-й окремий полк підтримки (Україна)

Main article: 12th Support Regiment (Ukraine)
12th Support Regiment
12-й окремий полк підтримки
Founded1968 (1968)
Country Ukraine
Branch Ukrainian Ground Forces
TypeRegiment
RoleEngineering
Part ofSupport Forces Command
Garrison/HQZvyahel
Engagements

The 12th Support Regiment (MUN A3814, post B2381) is a regiment level military unit of the the Ukrainian Support Forces, part of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. It was established in 1968 as the 1591st Separate Engineering Road and Bridge Construction Battalion of the 8th Tank Army of the Soviet Armed Forces. It is headquartered in Zvyahel. It has seen combat during both, the War in Donbass and the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

History

[edit]

It was established as the 1591st Separate Engineering Road and Bridge Construction Battalion of the 8th Tank Army on 1 September 1968.[42][43] In May 1971, the 136th Engineer Road and Bridge Construction Regiment was deployed at the battalion base, which was sent to the Kyiv Military District to set up routes and build bridges at the Chernihiv Training Center.[42] In August and September 1972, the battalion was engaged in extinguishing fires in the Moscow Military District for which it was awarded the pennant "For courage and bravery during fires."[42] Following the Chernobyl incident in April 1986, the battalion was deployed and was expanded to the 136th Engineer Road and Bridge Construction Regiment on 4 May 1986. On May 12, the regiment was stationed 25 km from the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, in Dymarka building roads to Pripyat, bypassing Chernobyl and on Zeleny Cape, it also expanded the bridge over the Uzh River, decontaminated soil, and restored central heating in Chernobyl. It was awarded the Vympel "For Courage and Military Victory" and the transitional Red Banner.[42] In September 1988, it participated in the "Autumn-88" and was awarded the Vympel "For Military Victory".[42]

Following the Dissolution of the Soviet Union, in 1992, the 1591st Separate Engineering Battalion came under the jurisdiction of Ukraine and was reformed into the 12th Engineering Regiment on 1 December 1994. The regiment actively participates in various exercises, including "Reaction-2005", "Clear Sky-2006", "Artery-2007", "Interaction-2010", "Adequate Response-2011", "Perspective-2012". From 2008 till 2013, it has been a permanent participant in the Ukrainian-American command and staff exercises "Rapid Trident", passing the first and second NATO assessments being recognized as compatible with the Alliance units and entered the joint fund of NATO operational forces and capabilities.[44] It's personnel were involved in several peacekeeping missions around the world, including UNIFIL, UNAMSIL and MNF-I. Seven of the regiment are involved in United Nations Mission in Liberia. [45] It also participated in peacekeeping as part of the Kosovo Force with it's 28 sappers, a mine detection dog Lais and 13 units of equipment being deployed in Kosovo under the command of Captain Andriy Bratashchuk.[46] stationed at the "Maréchal de Latre" base and were awarded medals by the KFOR commander, Major General Salvatore Farina of the Italian Army.[47] Throughout the years it participated in dealing with environmental hazards, fires at artillery depots in Lozova and Novobohdanivka, restoration of bridges and dams destroyed by floods, clearing of roads, deminig, ordinance disposal and construct of 10 bridges, including a 96-meter bridge in Vitkovychi, a 64-meter bridge across the Teteriv River in Stavky and a 53-meter bridge across the Stokhid River in Berezychi, as well as educational work at the Novohrad-Volyn school-collegium. In December 2013, the 12th Engineer Regiment and the 144th Separate Chemical and Biological Weapons Battalion were joined together into the 12th Separate Operational Support Regiment.[48] It was also equipped with I-52 minelayers.[49]

In March 2014, after the Russian invasion of Crimea, the regiment's personnel began installing fortifications and minefields on the administrative border with Crimea.[50] Since the start of the War in Donbass, it saw heavy action, such as defending positions on Mount Karachun, liberating Sloviansk and Kramatorsk, building bridges across the Seversky Donets, laying ajd maintaining minefields, strengthening positions and conducting engineering reconnaissance tasks. The regiment's servicemen conducted tasks in Amvrosiivka, Starohnativka, Luhansk and Donetsk Airports, and Debaltseve.[50] A soldier of the regiment (Podolyanchuk Vasyl Volodymyrovych) was killed as a result of an accidental mine detonation in Kairka on 18 September 2014.[51][52] A soldier of the regiment (Shepel Igor Viktorovich) was killed on 3 November 2014, while performing a combat mission in the ATO zone. A soldier of the regiment (Banchuk Oleg Petrovych) died on 15 January 2015.[53] Two soldiers of the Regiment (Shelmuk Anatoly Volodymyrovych and Shtilov Serhiy Stepanovych) were killed in action on 11 February 2015.[54] On 29 October 2015, a fire broke out at the field ammunition depot of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in Svatove, the detonation sent shrapnel flying across the city, damaging many buildings. Two soldiers of the regiment (Artemenko Anatoly Vyacheslavovych[55] and Mayorenko Stanislav Oleksiyovych[56][57]) and another soldier were killed. A civilian was killed and another was wounded as well. A soldier of the regiment (Volodymyr Pavlovych Gordin was killed in combat on 5 May 2016 near Borovenky.[58] A soldier of the regiment (Oleg Volodymyrovych) was killed on 24 June 2016 in Novooleksandrivka.[59] On 13 May 2020 while performing engineering work at a stronghold in Katerynivka, a sniper shot and killed a soldier of the regiment (Karpyka Oleksandr Vitaliyovych).[60]

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the regiment saw combat. It has been highly involved in mine laying tasks. On 22 January 2024, a soldier of the brigade (Levkovsky Maksym Vasilyovych) was severely wounded by artillery strikes in Chasiv Yar and died of his wounds on 2 February 2024.[61][62] It was responsible for extensive mine laying during the 2024 Kursk offensive, it's landmines halted a Russian advance on 7 November destroying 17 vehicles of the 810th Naval Infantry Brigade.[63] The regiment's personnel was being trained under Operation Interflex in the United Kingdom and were visited by Valeriy Zaluzhny during their training.[64]

Commanders

[edit]
  • Lieutenant Colonel Klyuchko Pantelii Fedorovych (1968—1970)
  • Lieutenant Colonel Viktor Yefremovich Khudyaev (1970—1972)
  • Major Baturyn Vadim Serhiyovych (1972—1974)
  • Major Alexiev Nikolay Ivanovich (1974—1977)
  • Captain Budaev Laidap Balzhynimaevich (1977)
  • Lieutenant Colonel Ivanko Oleksandr Mykhailovych (1977-1987)
  • Major Dereglazov Anatoly Mikhailovich (1987-1989)
  • Colonel Yuriy Ivanovych Leshchenko (1989-1994)[65]
  • Colonel Yuriy Ivanovych Leshchenko (1989-2002)
  • Lieutenant Colonel/Colonel Pekelny Vasyl Leonidovich (2002-2007)[66]
  • Lieutenant Colonel Dmytro Mykhailovych Gerega (2007-2008)[67]
  • (2008-11 February 2019) Colonel Borisov Mykola Mykolayovych[68]
  • Colonel Anatoliy Stanislavovych Zagursky (11 February 2019-)[65][69]

Afghan and Soviet warplanes in Pakistani airspace

[edit]

Soviet Union and Democratic Republic of Afghanistan Air Force jet fighters and bombers would occasionally cross into Pakistani airspace to target Afghan refugees camps in Pakistan. To counter the Soviet jets, the United States started providing F-16 jets to Pakistan.[70] These F-16 jets lacked the capability to fire radar-guided beyond-visual range missiles, and thus they were required to get close to their opponents in order to use their AIM-9P and more advanced AIM-9L Sidewinder heat-seeking or their 20-millimeter Vulcan cannons. On 17 May 1986, two Pakistan Air Force (PAF) F-16 jets intercepted two Su-22M3K belonging to Democratic Republic of Afghanistan Air Force (DRAAF) near the Pakistani airspace.[70] Pakistani officials insisted that both the fighter jets belonging to DRAAF were shot down while Afghan officials confirmed loss of only one fighter jet. Following the engagement, there was a major decline in the number of attacks on Afghan refugees camps in Pakistan. On 16 April 1987, a group of PAF F-16s again chased down two DRAAF Su-22 and managed to shoot down one of them and capture its pilot.[70] In 1987, the Soviet Union reported that Pakistani fighter jets were roaming in Afghan airspace, harassing attempts to aerial resupply the besieged garrisons like the one in Khost. On 30 March 1987, two PAF F-16s shot down an An-26 cargo plane, killing all 39 personnel on board the aircraft. In the coming years, PAF claimed credit for shooting down several Mi-8 transport helicopters, and another An-26 which was on a reconnaissance mission in 1989.[70] Also in 1987, two PAF F-16 jets ambushed four Mig-23 which were bombing Mujahideen supply bases. In the clash, one PAF F-16 was lost after it was accidentally hit by an AIM-9 Sidewinder fired by the second PAF F-16. The PAF pilot landed in Afghanistan territory and was smuggled back to Pakistan along with wreckage of his aircraft by the Mujahideen. However, some Russian sources claim that the F-16 was shot down by a Mig-23, though the Soviet Mig-23 were not carrying air-to-air missiles.[70] On 8 August 1988, Colonel Alexander Rutskoy was leading a group of Sukhoi Su-25 fighter jets to attack a refugee camp in Miramshah, Pakistan. His fighter jet was intercepted and shot down by two PAF F-16. Colonel Alexander Rustkoy landed in Pakistani territory and was captured.[70] He was later exchanged back to the Soviet Union. A month later, around twelve Mig-23 crossed into Pakistani airspace with the aim to lure into ambush the Pakistani F-16s. Two PAF F-16s flew towards the Soviet fighter jets.[70] The Soviet radars failed to detect the low flying F-16s, and the Sidewinder fired by one of the F-16s damaged one of the Mig-23. However, the damaged Mig-23 managed to return home. Two Mig-23 engaged the two PAF F-16s. The Pakistani officials state that both the Mig-23 were shot down. However, Soviet records show that no additional aircraft were lost that day. The last aerial engagement took place on 3 November 1988, in which one Su-2M4K belonging to DRAAF was shot down by a Pakistani Air Force jet.[70] During the conflict, Pakistan Air Force F-16 had shot down ten aircraft, belonging to Soviet Union, which had intruded into Pakistani territory. However, the Soviet record only confirmed five kills (three Su-22s, one Su-25 and one An-26). Some sources show that PAF had shot down at least a dozen more aircraft during the war. However, those kills were not officially acknowledged because they took place in Afghanistan's airspace and acknowledging those kills would mean that Afghan airspace was violated by PAF.[70] In all, Pakistan Air Force F-16s had downed several MiG-23s, Su-22s, an Su-25, and an An-24 while losing only one F-16.[71]

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  21. ^ 92nd Support Battalion
  22. ^ Тернопільщина втратила на фронті мужнього воїна
  23. ^ На Тернопільщині провели в останню дорогу двох воїнів
  24. ^ РУТКОВСЬКИЙ Ігор Іванович
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  51. ^ У Новоград-Волинському районі поховали двох контрактників, які воювали на Сході
  52. ^ Подолянчук Василь Володимирович
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