User:Ljwegner/Methanobrevibacter ruminantium
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[edit]Methanobrevibacter ruminantium is a methane producing archaea commonly found in the rumen of ruminants.[1] M. ruminantium make up 27.3% of rumen archaea of studied foregut fermenters, making it the second most common Methanobrivibacter after, M. gottschalkii.[1] M. ruminantium was first described in 1958 at UC Davis isolated from cattle.[2] This archaea is rod-shaped, non-motile microbe able to use H2 to reduce CO2 to CH4 and H2O.[3] In 2010 M. ruminantium was the first rumen methanogen to have it's genome sequenced.[3]
Article body
[edit]Methanobrevibacter ruminantium hail from the class Euryarchaeota, which includes a wide array of archaea including other methanogens, found to be mesophiles, halophiles, and thermophiles.[4][5] The majority of archaea found in ruminants are identified as methanogens, most of which come from the methanomicrobium or methanobrevibacter genera, and play an important role of hydrogen metabolization making it more favorable for other microbes to make the essential volatile fatty acids for the host's digestion.[6]
The byproduct of Methanobrevibacter ruminatium's metabolism, methane, is released from ruminant's gastrointestinal tract in the form of belches from ruminants such as cattle. This enteric methane is problematic greenhouse gas, methane being 21x more potent than carbon dioxide, that paired with the scale of livestock of ruminant animals contributing to up to 40% of anthropogenic methane.[1] One potential solution for reducing livestock's methane production is to include red seaweed a part of the feed supplement, one study has shown an 80% reduction of methane emission from cattle.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Leahy, Sinead C.; Kelly, William J.; Altermann, Eric; Ronimus, Ron S.; Yeoman, Carl J.; Pacheco, Diana M.; Li, Dong; Kong, Zhanhao; McTavish, Sharla; Sang, Carrie; Lambie, Suzanne C. (2010-01-28). "The Genome Sequence of the Rumen Methanogen Methanobrevibacter ruminantium Reveals New Possibilities for Controlling Ruminant Methane Emissions". PLOS ONE. 5 (1): e8926. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.8926L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008926. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2812497. PMID 20126622.
- ^ Smith, P. H.; Hungate, R. E. (June 1958). "Isolation and characterization of Methanobacterium ruminantium n. sp". Journal of Bacteriology. 75 (6): 713–718. doi:10.1128/jb.75.6.713-718.1958. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 290140. PMID 13549377.
- ^ a b Bharathi, M.; Senthil Kumar, N.; Chellapandi, P. (2020). "Functional Prediction and Assignment of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium M1 Operome Using a Combined Bioinformatics Approach". Frontiers in Genetics. 11: 1570. doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.593990. ISSN 1664-8021. PMC 7772410. PMID 33391347.
- ^ Leahy, S. C.; Kelly, W. J.; Li, D.; Li, Y.; Altermann, E.; Lambie, S. C.; Cox, F.; Attwood, G. T. (2013-05-25). "The Complete Genome Sequence of Methanobrevibacter sp. AbM4". Standards in Genomic Sciences. 8 (2): 215–227. doi:10.4056/sigs.3977691. ISSN 1944-3277. PMC 3746419. PMID 23991254.
- ^ Balch, W. E.; Fox, G. E.; Magrum, L. J.; Woese, C. R.; Wolfe, R. S. (June 1979). "Methanogens: reevaluation of a unique biological group". Microbiological Reviews. 43 (2): 260–296. doi:10.1128/mr.43.2.260-296.1979. ISSN 0146-0749. PMC 281474. PMID 390357.
- ^ Janssen, Peter H.; Kirs, Marek (2008-06-15). "Structure of the Archaeal Community of the Rumen". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 74 (12): 3619–3625. Bibcode:2008ApEnM..74.3619J. doi:10.1128/AEM.02812-07. PMC 2446570. PMID 18424540.
- ^ Roque, Breanna M.; Venegas, Marielena; Kinley, Robert D.; Nys, Rocky de; Duarte, Toni L.; Yang, Xiang; Kebreab, Ermias (2021-03-17). "Red seaweed (Asparagopsis taxiformis) supplementation reduces enteric methane by over 80 percent in beef steers". PLOS ONE. 16 (3): e0247820. Bibcode:2021PLoSO..1647820R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247820. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7968649. PMID 33730064.