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The fossils of Orrorin tugenensis shares no derived features of homin great-ape relatives.[1] "In contrast,Orrorin shares several apomorphic features with humans and some with australopithecines,including the presence of an obturator externus groove,elongated femoral neck, anteriorly twisted head (posterior twist in Australopithecus), antero-posteriorly compressed femoral neck, asymmetric distribution of cortexin the femoral neck, shallow superior notch, and a well developed gluteal tuberosity which coalesces verticallywith the crest that descends the femoral shaft poste-riorly."[1] According to recent studies Orrorin tugenensis is a basal hominid that adapted an early form of bipedalism.[2] Based on the structure of it's femoral head it still exhibited some arboreal properties, likely to forage and build shelters.[2] O. tugenensis shares an early hominin feature in which their iliac blade is flared to help counter the torque of their body weight, this shows that they adapted bipedalism around 6 MYA. [2] These features are shared with many species of Australopithecus.[2] It has been suggested by Pickford that the many features Orrorin shares with modern humans show that it is more closely related to Homo sapiens than to Australopithecus.[1] This would mean that Australopithecus would represent a side brand in the homin evolution that does not directly lead to Homo.[1] Another study conducted by Almecija suggested that Orrorin is more closely to early hominins than to Homo.[3] An analysis of the BAR 10020' 00 femur showed that Orrorin is an intermediate between Pan and Australopithecus afarensis.[3] It is clear that the phylogeny of Orrorin is uncertain, however the evidence of the evolution of bipedalism is an invaluable discover from this early fossil hominin.
Resources
- ^ a b c d Pickford, Martin; Senut, Brigitte; Gommery, Dominique; Treil, Jacques (2002-09). "Bipedalism in Orrorin tugenensis revealed by its femora". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 1 (4): 191–203. doi:10.1016/s1631-0683(02)00028-3. ISSN 1631-0683.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b c d Richmond, B. G.; Jungers, W. L. (2008-03-21). "Orrorin tugenensis Femoral Morphology and the Evolution of Hominin Bipedalism". Science. 319 (5870): 1662–1665. doi:10.1126/science.1154197. ISSN 0036-8075.
- ^ a b Almécija, Sergio; Tallman, Melissa; Alba, David M.; Pina, Marta; Moyà-Solà, Salvador; Jungers, William L. (2013-12). "The femur of Orrorin tugenensis exhibits morphometric affinities with both Miocene apes and later hominins". Nature Communications. 4 (1). doi:10.1038/ncomms3888. ISSN 2041-1723.
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