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| ARICNS = | EPE = | KIC = }}

J1433bSIMBADJ143317.78+101122.8b data--> -->

| ra = 10h 56m 38.6313170159s | dec = −22 52 56.081842250° | appmag_v = 16.0[1] }}

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A a B b C c Ç ç D d E e Ə ə F f
G g H h I i J j K k L l M m
N n O o Ɵ ɵ P p Q q Ƣ ƣ R r S s
T t U u V v X x Y y Z z Ƶ ƶ

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additional latin

[edit]

|-

! colspan="26" |

Additional Latin letters

|-
|style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Æ æ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ɑ ɑ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ʌ ʌ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ꞵ ꞵ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ð ð |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ɛ ɛ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ə ə |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ǝ ə |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ɣ ɣ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ɩ ɩ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ɥ ɥ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |λ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ŋ ŋ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Œ œ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ɔ ɔ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ɤ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Kʼ ĸ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ʀ ʀ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ẞ ß |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ʃ ʃ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ɯ ɯ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ʊ ʊ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ꞷ ꞷ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ʋ ʋ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ϴ θ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ʒ ʒ |-
|style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ƹ ƹ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Þ þ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ȣ ȣ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ꭓ ꭓ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ɂ ʔ ɂ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ʕ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ǀ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ǁ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ǂ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ǃ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ʘ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ʻ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ˀ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ʼ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ꞌ ꞌ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᴬ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᴮ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ꟲ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᴰ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᴱ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ꟳ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᴳ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᴴ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᴵ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᴶ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᴷ|-
|style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᴸ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᴹ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᵃ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᵉ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᵋ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ʰ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ⁱ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᶤ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ⁿ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᵒ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᵓ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᵘ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᶶ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᵛ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ʷ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ʸ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᶻ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |ᶿ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ꜣ ꜣ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |Ꜥ ꜥ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |3 |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |7 |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" |⁷ |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" | |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" | |style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;" | [2]

Tuha language

[edit]
Tuha
Uighur Uryangkhai, Khövsgöl Uryangkhay
Tuha
Pronunciation[tuʰha]
[tuˤha]
Native toMongolia
RegionTsagaan-Üür, Khövsgöl
Ethnicity600 Tuha (Urianghai)
Native speakers
<10 (2019)[3]
Turkic
Dialects
  • Soyt
  • Arig Urianghai
  • Övör Širkheten
  • Görööčin Urianghai
Language codes
ISO 639-3None (mis)
Glottologtuha1234
ELPTuha
Khövsgöl Uryangkhay is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger[4]

Tuha, also called Uighur Uryangkhai and Khövsgöl Uryangkhay, is a moribund variety of Tofa[5] or an independent language[6] spoken in northern Mongolia by less than 10 people.[5][3] Even though it was taught in schools during the 1970s, during which it was investigated by the Mongolian linguist Luvsandorjiyn Bold, it is now nearly extinct.

Classification

[edit]

Tuha is a member of the Sayan Turkic branch of Siberian Turkic. It has preserved archaic features lost elsewhere in Sayan Turkic.[3] According to Juha Janhunen, it is best classified as a language for taxonomic purposes and language revitalization.[7]

Phonology

[edit]

Vowels

[edit]
Tuha vowels[6]
Front Central Back
Close i[a] ɨ[b] u[c]
Mid e[d] o[e]
Open a

Consonants

[edit]

The nasal palatal approximant [j̃] occurrs in Tuha, as with all other Taiga Sayan languages. For example, the words añaq 'cup' (<Mongolian: аяга), ñaš 'tree' (<*ɨɣaš), mɨñaq~mɨyaq 'dung', ñaaq 'chin, jaw', ñeŋ 'anus', and yaa~ñaa 'new'.[6]

Vocabulary

[edit]

In the 1970s, Tuha took over 30% of its vocabulary from Mongolian.

Where Tuha has the word keeš- /keeǰir/ 'to say', in Tofa this word is far more limited in usage, and is used only relating to marriage arrangements (cf. Tofa heešken qɨs 'bride).[6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference MNRAS4-022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ I︠A︡rt︠s︡eva, V. N.; Volodin, A. P.; Institut i︠a︡zykoznanii︠a︡ (Rossiĭskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡ nauk), eds. (1997). I︠A︡zyki mira. Paleoaziatskie i︠a︡zyki (PDF). Moskva: Indrik. ISBN 978-5-85759-046-1.
  3. ^ a b c "A preliminary archive of language and cultural material from the Tuhan people of northern Mongolia | Endangered Languages Archive". www.elararchive.org. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
  4. ^ UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger Archived 22 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ a b Ragagnin, Elisabetta. "A rediscovered low-land Tofan variety. Turkic Languages 13, 225-245". Turkic Languages.
  6. ^ a b c d Eriksson, Tom. On the Phonology and Morphology of the Taiga-Sayan Tuha Language. The 4th International Turkish Research Symposium.
  7. ^ "Did you know Tuha is critically endangered?". Endangered Languages. Retrieved 2024-12-04.

Koibalkyshtym language

[edit]
Koibalkyshtym
Koibal
Native toRussia
Regionupper Yenisey
EthnicityKoibal(kyshtym)
Extinctearly 18th century
Yeniseian[1]
  • (unclassified)
    • Koibalkyshtym
Language codes
ISO 639-3zkb Koibal (retired)
zkb
GlottologNone
samo1299  incorrectly uses code for Uralic Koibal

The Koibalkyshtym language is an extinct Yeniseian language spoken by the Koibalkyshtym people, a subdivision of the Koibal people. It is believed to have gone extinct after the early 18th century, when many Yeniseian languages were documented.[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "2022-011 | ISO 639-3". iso639-3.sil.org. Archived from the original on 2022-09-20. Retrieved 2025-01-10.
  2. ^ "[.m] masterhost - профессиональный хостинг сайтаwww.philology.ru". www.philology.ru. Retrieved 2024-10-27.

Southern Selkup language

[edit]
Southern Selkup
Tomsk region Selkup
South-Central Selkup
сӱccӱ ӄумыт әты, шӧш ӄумыт әты, тӱй ӄумыт әты tüj qumyt əty, šöš qumyt əty, śüssü qumyt əty, tüjqum, šöšqum, śüssogum
Native toRussia
RegionTomsk Oblast
Ethnicitysouthern Selkups
Native speakers
7 (2019–2024)[1]
1 (2015)
Revivalnumbers increasing
Uralic
Dialects
  • Chumelkup
  • Sheshkup
  • Syusyukum
  • Upper Ob
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
1or
Glottologsout3262
ELPSouthern Selkup
Distribution of Selkup dialects
Southern Selkup is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Southern Selkup is a group of dialects spoken in Tomsk Oblast and Krasnoyarsk Krai in Russia.[2][3] There are four main groups, Chumelkup, Sheshkup, Syusyukum and Upper Ob. It is moribund today, with only about 7 speakers, but it is being revived.

Classification

[edit]

It is considered to be a dialect of a greater Selkup language by most Russian sources, but an individual language by others. According to lexicostatistics, it can be considered to be an individual language.[4] The Endangered Languages Project states that the differences between the Selkup dialects are "comparable to those between, for example, Ket, Yug, and Pumpokol".[5]

Dialects

[edit]
  • Southern Selkup
    • Chumelkup (чу́мэлӄу́п)
      • Tym
      • Vasyugan
      • Narym
        • Laskino
        • Tyukhterevo (actually Narym)
        • Parabel (Chuzik possibly distinct)
        • lower Ob
        • Kyonga
    • Sheshkup (шё̄шӄуп)
      • Igotkino (Togur)
      • Ivankino
      • Inkino
    • Syusyukum (сӱ̄ссыӷӯм)
      • Ket
        • Upper Ket
        • Middle Ket
        • Lower Ket
      • Chaya
      • Sondrovo
    • Upper Ob (тюйкум, пайкум)
      • Upper Ob (Molchanovo)
      • Chulym
      • Tom (пайкум)

Phonology

[edit]

Vowels

[edit]

[6][7]

Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
Close ⟨и⟩ i ⟨ӣ⟩ iː ⟨ӱ⟩ y ⟨ӱ̄⟩ yː ⟨ы⟩ ɨ ⟨ы̄⟩ ɨː ⟨у⟩ u ⟨ӯ⟩ uː
Mid ⟨э⟩ e ⟨э̄⟩ eː ⟨(э/ы)⟩ ə ⟨о⟩ o ⟨о̄⟩ oː
⟨ӧ⟩ œ ⟨ӧ̄⟩ œː
Open ⟨э/ӓ/(ӭ)⟩ ɛ ⟨а⟩ a ⟨а̄⟩ aː
⟨ӓ⟩ æ ⟨ӓ̄⟩ æː

Consonants

[edit]

Consonants in italics are not present in all dialects.

Labial Dental Lateral Palatal Velar Uvular
plain pal. plain pal. plain pal. plain pal. plain pal.
Plosive voiceless p pʲ t tʲ k kʲ q qʲ
voiced b bʲ d dʲ g gʲ ɢ ɢʲ
Fricative voiceless f fʲ s sʲ ʃ h hʲ ɣ ɣʲ
voiced v vʲ z zʲ ʒ
Affricate voiceless t͡ʃ t͡ʃʲ
voiced d͡ʒ d͡ʒʲ
Nasal m mʲ n nʲ ŋ
Liquid r rʲ l lʲ
Semivowel w j

Orthography

[edit]

Pre-literate

[edit]

Before the introduction of writing, Selkups would carve signs to signify numbers, as well as tamgas.[8]

Selkup texts were first published in the late 17th century with the publication of The Lord's Prayer in the southern Ob dialects by Nicolaes Witsen. Wordlists of Selkup were published in the 18th century, by Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt, Philip Johan von Strahlenberg, Gerhard Friedrich Müller and Fyodor Zheltukhin [ru]. One of the Ob dialects was desctibed in a grammar by the Samoyedist Matthias Castrén in the mid-19th century. Latin and Cyrillic transcriptions were used for these works.[9]

Morphology

[edit]

Case

[edit]

The following case system is for the Narym dialect.

маҗь 'forest', ӄуп 'person'[10]
Case name Ending Meaning Example Meaning of the example
Nominative case ∅ subject маҗь forest (as a subject)
Accusative case -п, -м[f] direct object ма́җеп forest (as an object)
Genitive case -т, -н[g] possession ма́җет of a forest
Dative case animate -н indirect object (animate) ӄун, ӄумн to the person
inanimate -нд indirect object (inanimate) маҗӧ́нд to the forest
Inessive case animate -нан the X has ӄу́нан the person has
inanimate -ӷэт/-ӄэт in маҗӧ́ӷэт in the forest
Elative case -эутэ/-утэ out of, from, along маҗӧ́утэ out of the forest
Instrumental-comitative case -ӽе/-хе, -э́[h] with маҗьӽе́ with the forest
Abessive case -галк/-калк without маҗьга́лк without the forest
Translative case -тӄо into маҗетӄо́ [turn] into a forest
Exessive case[i] animate -ндо/-эндо from ку́ндо from the person
inanimate -ӷэндо/-ӄэндо from маҗӧ́ӷэндо from the forest
  1. ^ [ɪ] is an allophone of [i].
  2. ^ [ɑ], [ɔ] are allophones.
  3. ^ [ʊ] is an allophone.
  4. ^ [ɛ] is an allophone.
  5. ^ May be pronounced as [a] in first syllables.
  6. ^ rare
  7. ^ rare
  8. ^ with nouns denoting means of transport, always stressed
  9. ^ Almost out of use[citation needed]

The following table compares cases from all dialects. Hyphens indicate case endings, and words without a hyphen postpositions.[11][12][13][14][15][16] Asterisks indicate obsolete or rare forms.

Narym Sheshkup Upper Ob Middle Ket
Genitive -т -т, -н -н -н
Accusative -п -п, -м -∅, -м -∅, -м
Dative inanimate -нд -нд -д, -ддэ -нд, -ты
Dative animate -н -ни̇ -ни, мэд -ни
Inessive (inanimate) -ӷэт, -ӄэт -ӷыт, -ӄыт -хэн, -гэн -ӷын, -ӄын
Inessive (animate) -нан -нан -нан -нан
Exessive (inanimate) * -ӷэндо, -ӄэндо, -ндо -ӷындо, -ӷынды, -ӄындо, -ӄынды -ганнэ -ӷынны, -ӄынны
Exessive (animate) * -ндо -нандо, -нандыкто, -нандыкти̇ *-ннэ -нанны, нанны
Elative -эутэ, -утэ - -наун -
Prolative * -мэт -мыт, -лыт, -выт, -утты -мэн, -ун -мын, -вын
Instrumental-comitative -ӽе, -хе -зэ, -сэ -сэ, -зэ -се, -нсе
Instrumental * -н * -н -н -н
Comitative опти̇ опти̇ опсэ оптэ
Abessive -галк, -калк -галк, -калк калт -га́лык, -ка́лык
Nominative-translative -тӄо -тӄо, -ӈӷо -нго (-ӈго) -ӈго, -го
Translative * -ле -вле -улэ -ле, -вле, -ӷле
Partitive -й

Postpositions

[edit]

There are two classes of postpositions, those which do not take spatial cases and those which do. This can best be demonstrated with the Narym examples that follow.

таре́ "how, like, in the manner of" нева́т таре́ пахтэрна́ "like a hare jumps"

пар "top, surface" па́ронд "on something" па́роӷэндо 'with something' па́роӷэт па́роутэ

Vocabulary

[edit]

Numerals

[edit]
Narym Sheshkup Upper Ob Chaya Middle Ket
1 о́ӄӄэр о́ккыр оккэр о́кыр оккыр, оккы
2 шэд шэд сэдааг сыдъя́г шитты
3 на́гур на̄гур нэар на́гур на̄гур, на̄р
4 тэт тэ̄т тиэтт тэт те̄тты
5 хомбла́ сомбла́ собблаг со́мблак сомбыле, сомбылеӈӷы
6 му́ктэт, му́хтэт, му́фтэт му́ктэт мукт му́гтык муктут
7 хельҗь се̄льдь сиэлдь се́льҗь се̄лд́у
8 шэд-ча́ӈгвет шэдтя́ткет, шэдтя́тгвэт сэддед сыдча́дгэт шиттыт́а̄дыгыт
9 о́ӄӄэр-ча́ӈгвет о́ккыртя́ткет, о́ккыртя́тгвэт оккэрдед о́кырча́дгэт оккырт́а̄дыгыт
10 кӧт кӧ̄т кiод кӧт кӧ̄т
11 о́ӄӄэр-гойгве́т оккыргвэ́йет оккургойет о́кырго́ет оккыргвэйгӧ̄т
12 шэ́дэ-гойгве́т шэдгвэ́йет сэдгойет сыдыго́ет шиттыгвэйгӧ̄т
13 на́гур-гойгве́т на̄гургвэ́йет нэаргойет на́гурго́ет на̄ргвэйгӧ̄т
14 тэ́тэ-гойгве́т тэтгвэ́йет тиэттгойет тэ́тго́ет те̄ттыгвэйгӧ̄т
15 хомбла́-гойгве́т сомблагвэ́йет собблагойет со́мблаго́ет сомблегвэйгӧ̄т
16 му́хтэт-гойгве́т му́ктэтгвэ́йет муктэгойет му́гтыго́ет муктугвэйгӧ̄т
17 хельҗь-гойгве́т се̄льдьгвэ́йет сиэлдегойет се́льҗьго́ет се̄л́дугвэйгӧ̄т
18 шэд-ча́ӈгвет-гойгве́т шэдтя́тгвэтгвэ́йет сэддедгойет сыдчеса́рым шиттыт́ассисса̄рым
19 о́ӄӄэр-ча́ӈгвет-гойгве́т о́ккыртя́тгвэтгвэ́йет оккэргойет о́кырчеса́рым оккырт́ассиса̄рым
20 шэда́ро, шэд кӧт шэдса́ру, шэд кӧт сэссаар сыдса́рым сисса̄рым
21 о́ӄӄэр-гой-шэда́ро, шэда́ро о́ӄӄэр шэдса́ру о́ккыр сэссаар оккэр, оккэр куай сэссаар о́кыргвассыдса́рым оккыргвэйсисса̄рым
22 шэ́дэ-гой-шэда́ро шэдса́ру шэд сэссаар сэдааг сы́дыгвассыса́рым шиттыгвэйсисса̄рым
23 на́гур-гой-шэда́ро шэдса́ру на̄гур сэссаар нэар на́гургвассыса́рым на̄ргвэйсисса̄рым
24 тэ́тэ-гой-шэда́ро шэдса́ру тэ̄т сэссаар тиэтт тэ́тгвассыса́рым те̄ттыгвэйсисса̄рым
25 хомбла́-гой-шэда́ро шэдса́ру сомбла́ сэссаар собблаг со́мблагвассыда́рым сомблегвэйсисса̄рым
26 му́хтэт-гой-шэда́ро шэдса́ру му́ктэт сэссаар мукт му́гтыгвассыса́рым муктугвэйсисса̄рым
27 хельҗь-гой-шэда́ро шэдса́ру се̄льдь сэссаар сиэлдь се́льҗьгвассыса́рым се̄л́дугвэйсисса̄рым
28 шэд-ча́ӈгвет-гой-шэда́ро шэдса́ру шэдтя́ткет сэссаар сэддед сы́дыча́нагса́рым шиттыт́анна̄рса̄рым
29 о́ӄӄэр-ча́ӈгвет-гой-шэда́ро шэдса́ру о́ккыртя́ткет сэссаар оккэрдед о́кырча́нагса́рым оккырт́анна̄рса̄рым
30 нага́ро нагурса̄ру, на̄гур кӧт нэарсаар нагса́рым на̄рса̄рым
40 тэфа́ро, тэха́ро тэ́ттыса̄ру, тэт кӧт тэссаар тэса́рым те̄сса̄рым
50 хомбла́ро сомбласа̄ру, сомбла́ кӧт соббсаар со́мбласа́рым сомбылеса̄рым
60 муха́ро, муфа́ро му́ктэтса̄ру, му́ктэт кӧт муксаар мугса́рым мукса̄рым
70 хельҗя́ро се̄льдьса̄ру, се̄льдь кӧт сэссаар сейса́рым се̄за̄рым
80 шэд-ча́ӈгвет кӧт шэдтя́рыт кӧт сэддеултон сыса́рмолчалто́н шиттыса̄рт́а̄лдо̄н, шиттыт́а̄ткӧ̄тса̄рым
90 о́ӄӄэр-ча́ӈгвет кӧт оккыртя́рыт кӧт оккэрдеултон о́кырса́рмолчалто́н оккырса̄рт́а̄лдо̄н, оккырт́а̄ткӧ̄тса̄рым
100 тот то̄н тон тон то̄н
1000 тонкӧ́т, кӧнто́т, тоткӧ́т кӧттон кiоттон кӧт тон кӧ̄тто̄н

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Южноселькупский | Малые языки России". minlang.iling-ran.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2024-12-04. Retrieved 2025-01-26.
  2. ^ "Самодийские языки". jazykirf.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved 2025-01-19.
  3. ^ "О КМНС". atlaskmns.ru. Retrieved 2025-01-19.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference :7 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference :8 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Коротких Г. В. (2022). Современный язык нарымских селькупов (PDF). Томск: Грасион. p. 150. ISBN 978-5-6046304-5-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ Szabó László (1967). Selkup Texts with Phonetic Introduction and Vocabulary. Uralic and Altaic Series. Vol. 75. Bloomington: Indiana University Publications. pp. 5, 10, 14.
  8. ^ Г. Н. Прокофьев, ed. (1937). Языки и письменность народов Севера. Vol. I. М.—Л.: Гос. учебно-педагогическое изд-во. pp. 95–96. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |тираж= ignored (help)
  9. ^ А. И. Кузнецова и др. (2002). Селькупский язык. СПб.: филиал изд-ва "Просвещение". pp. 14–15, 37. ISBN 5-09-005259-X. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |тираж= ignored (help)
  10. ^ Korotkih, Grigoriy V. (2022). Современный язык нарымских селькупов (PDF) (in Russian). Соиздательство ценных книг «Грасион». p. 150. ISBN 978-5-6046304-5-7.
  11. ^ Коротких Г. В. (2022). Современный язык нарымских селькупов. Томск: Грасион. p. 150. ISBN 978-5-6046304-5-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ^ Костюченко Г. Ю. (2023). Тюйкуй йэжиссан. Селькупский словарь для остяков Молчановского района. Молчаново: Изд. 23.Б.1. p. 109. Archived from the original on 2023-12-24. Retrieved 2024-02-11.
  13. ^ Кузнецова Н.Г. (1987). Глагольная подсистема кетского диалекта селькупского языка. Томск. p. 235.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  14. ^ В. В. Быконя (1999). Шарватпленд шё̄шӄуй шэндсэ! Говори по шёшкупски (русско-селькупский разговорник). Томск: Изд-во Томского госпедуниверситета. p. 112. Archived from the original on 2023-04-14. Retrieved 2024-02-11.
  15. ^ Беккер Э.Г., Алиткина Л.А., Быконя В.В., Ильяшенко И.А. (1995). Морфология селькупского языка. Южные диалекты. Часть I. Томск: Томский государственный педагогический институт. p. 292. Archived from the original on 2024-07-26. Retrieved 2024-02-11.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ составлена Н. П. Григоровскимъ, для инородцевъ Нарымскаго края, ed. (1879). Азбука сю́ссогой гу́лани. Казань: Изданіе Православнаго Миссіонерскаго Общества. p. 90. Archived from the original on 2024-01-02. Retrieved 2024-02-11.

Eudeve language

[edit]

[1]

Eudeve
Native toMexico
RegionSonora
EthnicityEudeve
Extinct1930s[1]
Dialects
  • Heve
  • Dohema
Language codes
ISO 639-3eud
opt Eudeve
ELPEudeve
IETFeud

Eudeve is a Southern Uto-Aztecan language formerly spoken in Mexico, in the north of Sonora. The language, which is part of the Taracahitic branch, is known in colonial-era manuscripts. Close to the Opata language, it is distinct.[2] It has been extinct since the 1930s.

Phonology

[edit]

Here is the inventory of the consonants of Eudeve reconstructed by David L. Shaul[3].

Consonants

[edit]
  Bilabial Dental Lateral Palatal Velar Glottal
Occlusive voiceless p p t t k k ʔ ʔ
voiced b b d d g g
Fricative v v s s h h
Affricate č tʃ
Nasal m m n n        
Liquid r r l l
Semivowel w w

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Eudeve at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Ethnologue.com échoue à distinguer l'eudeve qu'il confond avec l'opata, et nomme faussement « endeve », voir la Ethnologue: Languages of the World (unknown ed.). SIL International.
  3. ^ D. Shaul, 1983, art. cité

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Shaul, David, L., The Position of Opata and Eudeve in Uto-Aztecan, Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics, vol. 8-2, Lawrence, University of Kansas, 1983.
[edit]
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Catégorie:Inventaire de langues amérindiennes Catégorie:Langue taracahitique Catégorie:Langue amérindienne en Amérique du Nord Catégorie:Langue amérindienne au Mexique Catégorie:Langue éteinte au XXe siècle

Middle Chulym dialect

[edit]
See also: Chulym
Middle Chulym
Tutal Chulym, Melet Chulym
Ось тили
Pronunciation[øs tilɪ ~ ø:s tilɪ]
Native toRussia
RegionSiberia
Ethnicitymiddle Chulyms
Native speakers
30 (2019–2024)[1]
Turkic
Dialects
  • Tutal
  • Melet
Cyrillic
Language codes
ISO 639-3(covered by Chulym clw)
clw-mid
Glottologtuta1234  Tutal
mele1253  Melet
ELPMiddle Chulym
IETFclw

Middle Chulym is a Turkic language, considered to be a dialect of Chulym, spoken by about 30 of the Chulyms on the middle course of the Chulym River, in Teguldetsky District, of Tomsk Oblast.

Endangerment

[edit]

In the 1990s, there were about 700 Chulyms, but 20 years earliet Middle Chulym was already only spoken by 380 people. The language is endangered.[2]

Classification

[edit]

Middle Chulym is grouped within the Siberian Turkic group of Turkic languages. Russian linguists traditionally consider it to be a dialect of Chulym, together with Lower Chulym. The question of its position within the Siberian Turkic group is still open, however.

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal /m/ /n/ /nʲ/ /ŋ/
Stop voiceless /p/ /t/ /k/ /q/ /ʔ/
voiced /b/ /d/ /g/
Fricative voiceless /s/ /ʃ/ /x/ /h/
voiced /v/ /z/ /ʒ/ /ɣ/ (ʁ)
Affricate voiceless /t͡s/ /t͡ʃ/
voiced /d͡ʒ/
Approximant /l/ /j/
Rhotic /r/

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Чулымско-тюркский язык | Малые языки России". minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved 2024-11-23.
  2. ^ Pomorska 2004, p. 13.

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
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Kumanaxó language

[edit]
Kumanaxó
Native toBrazil
RegionMinas Gerais
EthnicityKumanaxó [hr]
Eraattested 1867
Macro-Jê
Language codes
ISO 639-3None (mis)
GlottologNone

Kumanaxó is an extinct Maxakalían language formerly spoken in Minas Gerais state in Brazil. It was documented in a wordlist by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in 1867.[1] It was close to Kapoxó and Panhame,[2] and shares many words with them.

Classification

[edit]

Aside from being a member of the Nuclear Maxakalí subgroup, characterized by certain shared innovations, it is very similar to such varieties as Makoní, Kapoxó, Panhame, and is also related to Ritual Maxakalí, which is more archaic than modern Maxakalí.[3][4]

Vocabulary

[edit]
Selected Kumanaxó vocabulary[1]
Gloss Kumanaxó
to hide schatome
soul njajmi
water cona-an-cunaan
beard njidaú
mixed njonain
star aschim
head patanjon
teeth schuoj
hand agnibktän
lightning ithóg tänjanam
fire kescham
sun apucoj
earth aam
tree abaay

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Martius, Karl Friedrich Philip von. Beiträge zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Amerikas zumal Brasiliens (PDF). Vol. 2. pp. 170–172. Retrieved 2025-03-03.
  2. ^ Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center. Retrieved 2025-03-03.
  3. ^ Campbell, Lyle (2024-06-25), "Indigenous Languages of South America", The Indigenous Languages of the Americas (1 ed.), Oxford University PressNew York, pp. 182–279, doi:10.1093/oso/9780197673461.003.0004, ISBN 978-0-19-767346-1, retrieved 2025-04-14
  4. ^ Nikulin, Andrey (2020). Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo (PDF) (Thesis). Brasília: Universidade de Brasília. Retrieved April 13, 2025.
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Central Alacaluf language

[edit]
Central Alacaluf
Alacaluf, Alacalufe-Central
Native toChile
Region"The Cone"
Extinctearly 20th century
Alacalufan
  • Central Alacaluf
Dialects
Language codes
ISO 639-3None (mis)
Glottologalac1240

Central Аlacaluf (Alacaluf, Southern Alacaluf, Alacalufe-Central) is an extinct Alacalufan language, formerly spoken in Chile, and distinct from Kawésqar proper. It is documented through wordlists up to 1928.[1] Guaicaro is thought to have been a dialect.[2]

Vocabulary

[edit]

[3]

Gloss Alacaluf
man accheleche
woman accheletep
head yacabedchepy
hair tereaf
forehead arcacol
eyes titche
nose loutche
cheek cheltefare
eyebrows tichery
mouth afflet
tongue paileaf

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Glottolog 5.1 - Alacalufe-Central". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2025-03-26.
  2. ^ Campbell, Lyle (2012). "Classification of the indigenous languages of South America". In Grondona, Verónica; Campbell, Lyle (eds.). The Indigenous Languages of South America. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 2. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 59–166. ISBN 9783110255133.
  3. ^ Marcel, M. G. (1892), "Les Fuéguiens a la fin du XVIIe siècle Vocabulaire", Congrès international des Américanistes: Compte-rendu de la Huitième session, Paris (1890), Paris: Ernest Leroux, pp. 485–496, 643–646, retrieved 2025-04-07
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