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Research Notes for Article

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Lead Section

Nina de Callias (1843-184) was a hostess, pianist, composer, poet, actress, and artist's model. Her musical career, starting in childhood, along with her love of the theatre arts would be aided by her personality and hostess abilities. Known for her parties and dinners, Nina mingled with many a famous actor, poet, playwright, and philosopher. She would have two portaits of herself shown in the 1879 Paris salon, and would be a critic herself in the Impressionist Exhibition of 1881.

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Background

Lloyd-

• 1843-1884, 41 years old
• Maiden name Gaillard
• Took mother's maiden name Villard after her seperation from her husband Hector de Callias
• Was acting in plays for playwright Henri de Bornier by the age of thirteen
• By fifteen she was a usual guest of Mme Beulé's salons meaning she had a connection with the Académie des Beaux-Arts
• Began attending Vichy spa in 1859 where she would take part in dances and musical performances
• Flees Paris to Geneva in 1870 (Franco-Prussian War)

Sutton-

• Death at only 41 attributed to alchoholism, most likely picked up from her ex husband Hector de Callias

As an Artist's Model

Lloyd-

• Modeled for Manet: (La Dame aux éventails,Musée d'Orsay) published by the Gaulois initially
• Being neighbors,it was convenient for Nina to go to Manet's studio to do studies of her
• After Hector de Callias writing Manet saying that he did not want Nina to go by de Callias in any of his works, Nina began to go by Nina de Villard
• One study by Manet was reproduced in February 1874 in Revue du monde nouveau (Cros is the editor)
• Dates Franc-Lamy, friend of Renoir
• Two portraits of her are shown at the salon in 1879

André-

• Hectors Letter to Renoir actually forbade Manet from showing the portrait at the salon becasue it was tied to his name

As a Salon Hostess

Lloyd-

• Kept multiple autograph albums, only some of which have survived, that kept a log of who had attended her gatherings
• The first book was started in 1862
• The highpoint of the salons would come after her divorce from Hector de Callias in1868. Would perform her own songs on piano, and often invtied other musicians to perform. Names such as Marie Deschamps, Virginie Huet (organists), Emmanual des Essarts (poet), Francès (actor and singer)
• Noteworthy Salons-
  • December 16, 1868 after party for concert at the Théâtre de l'Ecole lyrique (the landlord gave her notice for noise, but she did not stop having parties, she would just pay the fine)
  • January 14, 1869 after party for Coppée's play Le Passant (Actors Agar and Sarah Bernhardt would attend)
  • On March 11, an article about Nina would be published by Anatole France in La Vogue parisienne stating that she was "an ideal and dizzying pianist" and "graceful and fiercely beautiful"
• Close connections with Cros and Manet brought the three together often at Nina's house in August 1874 (Cros worked there as a studio most days) and the three talked about collaborating

Sutton-

• Large gatherings were often had where more people than could fit comfortably would pack into the room to see the plays and performances put together for that night. Afterwards, Nina would have dinner ready for the guests

Lehmbeck-

• Edmond de Goncourt called the salons "salon of mental breakdown" and Nina a "slightly demented muse" (source 24)

"Cet atelier de détraquage cérébrale" and "une Muse légèrement démente." Edmond de Goncourt, Journal; mémoires de la vie littéraire (Monaco: Impr. nationale, 1956-58), March 18, 1886, vol. XIV, p. 100.

As a music composer

Lloyd-

• Performed in a charity concert at Le Havre
• Put on a concert at the Théâtre de l'Ecole lyrique on December 16, 1868. La Press musicale praised Villard's poetry and muscial performances in equating her performace energy to that of French Fury.

As a Poet

Lloyd-

• Most poems are published in Feuillets parisiens, 1885
• Poetry inspired by Coppée were published in Dixains réalistes, 1876
• Mon Testament, republished in 1869 as "Le Testament d'une grande dame" (important to note that Nina "feared" true domesticity and was sometimes criticized for acting unladylike ex. smoking on the floor with her friends, so the title Grande Dame, was not how she saw herself)

Relationships and Connections

Lloyd-

• Relationship with Charles Cros inspired his piece Le Croffret de Santal
• Wrote a poem, L'Archet that was published in La Réforme, inspired by Charles Cros (1869)
• Worked with France on second volume of Le Parnasse contemporain (1869)
• Would mary journalist Hector de Callias in November 1864, and seperate from him in January 1868 due to his alcoholic and violent tendencies
• Consulatant in Baden Baden during "La Réforme, a poem she wrote during this time was published by La Parodie (1869)
• Verlaine and Coppée wrote sonnets about Nina's stardom (1869)
• Inspired Léon Dierx's lead character in book La Rencontre (1874)

Lehmbeck-

• Meeting as Nina's Salons, poets Mallarmé, Catulle Mendés, Arthur Rimbaud, and Paul Verlaine, would start their group Les Parnassiens (Source 26)

Albert de Bersaucourt, Au temps des parnassiens. Nina de Villard et ses amis, Paris, La Renaissance du Livre,1921

Important works

Lloyd-

• Co-wrote one act play, La Dompteuse with Anatole France
• Co-wrote Le Moine-bleu with Charles Cros,Germain Nouveau, Jules Richepin (og. performed at the Salon, and eventually published, Sutton)
• Reviewed the Impressionist Exhibition of 1881- provided a modern and praising review to Degas' Petite danseuse de quatorze ans, while most critics were appalled by the piece
• Geneva, 1872 writes a newspaper article with writer Edmond Bazire for La Suisse Radicale

Compositions

Lloyd-

• Grand Galop
• Gallop, La Lanterne

Sutton-

• Romance
• Souvenier de Vichy
• Fantaisie sur Rigoletto

Cohen-

• Nocturne
• Paroles d'une rose à un rayon de soleil (w/ Bosworth)

Photos

• Include more photos where possible to give context