User:Hstephen1/Forensic pathology

Duties

The autopsy also provides an opportunity for other issues raised by the death to be addressed, such as the collection of trace evidence or determining the identity of the deceased. Autopsies are performed when a death occurs, when an unexpected death occurs, when someone dies while not under the care of a physician, to solve criminal cases, when a mass disaster occurs and requires the identification of the victims and upon request by the family or loved ones of the deceased. Typically, autopsies can cost anywhere from $3,000 to $5,000, however the price can vary from country to country.

The forensic pathologist examines and documents wounds and injuries, along with the possible causation of those injuries, at autopsy, at the scene of a crime and occasionally in a clinical setting, such as rape investigation or deaths in custody.

In mass disaster settings, forensic pathologists will work along side Forensic Odontologists, Forensics Anthropologists as well as other forensic specialties with the goal of identifying the victims of the disaster. The process of identification involves the recovery of the victims, the collection of antemortem data, the initial examination along with the collection of any postmortem evidence, and finally the comparison of the antemortem and postmortem data gathered in order to identify those victims.

Education

In Canada, individuals must complete an undergraduate science degree, followed by a doctor of medicine degree from one of the seven medical schools in Canada. After these are complete individuals may enter the RCPSC and must complete residency training.

As of 2022, there are three schools in Canada that offer the forensic pathology training program. These schools are the University of Alberta, the University of Ottawa and the University of Toronto.

Germany

Once students have acquired the "Abitur" diploma and completed all the requirements, they can study medicine at a university. Within the medical education system, there are four subdivisions individuals must partake prior to moving into a specialization.

The first section is a 2 year preclinical study period where individuals are introduced to the basics. A 2 month work period at a hospital must be completed between each semester in order to become familiar with everyday life in a hospital. A final exam on the basics concludes this portion.

The second section is a 1 year clinical period to familiarize the students with the basics of clinical practice. The students complete the first part of the physician's exam at the end of this period.

The third section is another clinical period which lasts for 2 years, which practices non-surgical, surgical, neurological, ecological and general medicine domains. Here is where forensic medicine is first introduced. Between the first and second clinical sections, 4 months of medical clerkship are required, which comprises of 2 months in a hospital and 2 months at any other medical institution. Students complete the second part of the physician's exam at the end of this period.

The final section is a 1 year practical period where students partake in three 4 month practicums: 4 months of internal medicine, 4 months of surgery and 4 months of clinical practical study of their choice. Students write the final part of the physician's exam at the end of this period.

After completing the previous sections, students are considered "physicians under supervision" and must complete 18 months of training at a medical institution of their choice under supervision from another physician. This is where students can begin their specialization and work in an institution of interest.

Once individuals have completed their medical studies, there is a minimum of 6 extra years of specialization training for forensic pathology. During this training individuals must complete at least 3 years and 6 months working for a legal medicine institution, focusing on clinical forensic pathology training. Then, at least 1 year of pathology work at a specialized institute is required partaking in autopsy technical training. As well, a minimum of 6 months working with forensic psychiatrists is also required. Finally, a single year of work in any field of medicine or legal medicine must be completed. During theses work periods, it is required that these physicians write a number of opinions on their post-mortem examinations, crime scene investigations, crime scene reconstructions and insurance medical cases. There is also a minimum number of reports consisting of their own autopsies, police inquiries, histological investigation and other investigative results. Finally, the practicing physician must complete a certain number of oral court proceedings. Once all of this has been completed, an oral examination, overseen by the Chamber of Physicians (also known as the German Medical Association) is to be completed which allows individuals to officially become a forensic pathologist upon completion.

Salaries

Australia

Forensic pathologists residing in Australia make on average $250,000 AUD per year, as of 2022. This equates to $186,178 USD as of April 9^th, 2022. The annual salary of the forensic pathologist can be higher or lower than the average, dependant on experience and education.

Canada

Working in Canada, forensic pathologists can expect an average salary of $304,000 CAD per year, as of 2022. This equates to $241,839 USD as of April 9^th, 2022. Yearly salaries can deviate from this average, which is consistent with many other countries as a forensic pathologist's salary is dependant on their level of training and education.

Germany

The average salary of forensic pathologists working in Germany is €115,000 EUR per year, as of 2022. This equates to $125,079 USD as of April 9^th, 2022. Depending on the level of education and training of the forensic pathologist, their salary can waver above or below the average.

India

Forensic pathologists living in India have an average pay of ₹998,000 INR per year, as of 2022. This equates to $13,145 USD as of April 9^th, 2022. The less experience a forensic pathologist in India has on the job, the lower the salary will be, however as they gather more experience, they can raise their salary over the average.

Indonesia

In Indonesia, the average salary for a forensic pathologist is Rp412,000,000 IDR per year, as of 2022. This equates to $28,670 USD as of April 9^th, 2022. Depending on how long one has been a forensic pathologist in Indonesia, the salary will be either lower or higher than the listed average.

Japan

The average salary for a forensic pathologist living in Japan is ￥17,200,000 JPY per year, as of 2022. This equates to $138,319 USD as of April 9^th, 2022. A lower yearly salary than average would be the result of a lack of experience or training compared to someone with a higher yearly salary than the average, who would likely have a lot of experience on the job.

United Kingdom

Forensic pathologists working out of the United Kingdom will have an average yearly salary of £198,000 as of 2022. This equates to $257,762 USD as of April 9^th, 2022. New forensic pathologists in the UK can expect a lower than average salary, whereas a more experienced forensic pathologist will acquire a higher than average salary.

• The average pay in Canada is $304 000 (CAD)/year.
• The average pay in Australia is $250 000 (AUD)/year.
• The average pay in the United Kingdom is £198 000 (GBP)/year.
• The average pay in Japan is ￥17 200 000 (JPY)/year.
• The average pay in Indonesia is Rp412 000 000 (IDR)/year.
• The average pay in India is ₹998 000 (INR)/year.
• The average pay in Germany is €115 000 (EUR)/year.