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User:GeoWriter/sandbox3

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
City Population
Largest cities of Foo, 2009 Census
City Population
City1
540,921
City2
194,343
City3
190,414
City4
134,669
City5
114,983

Volcanic Explosivity Index

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The Global Volcanism Program has assigned a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) to all except five of Kīlauea's ninety-five known eruptions of the last 11,700 years. The eruption of 1790 has a VEI of 4. The eruptions of 1820, 1924, 1959 and 1960 have a VEI of 2. The eruptions of 680, 1050, 1490, 1500, 1610, 1868, four eruptions in 1961 and the current eruption since 1983 have a VEI of 1. The other seventy-four eruptions have a VEI of 0.

Volcanic Explosivity Index for Kīlauea
VEI Number of Holocene eruptions for which a VEI has been assigned (total=90)
VEI 0
74
VEI 1
11
VEI 2
4
VEI 3
0
VEI 4
1

According to the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, Vesuvius has had 54 confirmed "eruptive periods" during the Holocene Epoch (the last 11,700 years). A volcanic explosivity index (VEI) has been assigned to all but one of these eruptive periods.

Volcanic explosivity index for Vesuvius
VEI Number of Holocene eruptions for which a VEI has been assigned (total=53)
VEI 0
2
VEI 1
2
VEI 2
7
VEI 3
29
VEI 4
8
VEI 5
5

Location map tests

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Location of Chicxulub crater, Mexico
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Location of Chicxulub crater, Mexico
GeoWriter/sandbox3 is located in Greenland
Greenland's Grand Canyon
Greenland's Grand Canyon
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Location of Greenland's Grand Canyon
GeoWriter/sandbox3 is located in North America
Greenland's Grand Canyon
Greenland's Grand Canyon
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Location of Greenland's Grand Canyon
GeoWriter/sandbox3 is located in Africa
Angola Basin
Angola Basin
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Location of Angola Basin
GeoWriter/sandbox3 is located in South America
Fueguino
Fueguino
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Location of Fueguino at the tip of South America
GeoWriter/sandbox3 is located in Southern Patagonia
Fueguino
Fueguino
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Location of Fueguino near the southern tip of South America
Location of Tonga (red dot). The volcano is conjectured to be between Tonga and Indonesia (to the left).

Darwin Rise location map

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Darwin Rise is located in Pacific Ocean
Darwin Rise
Darwin Rise
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Location in the Pacific Ocean


Mid-Urals Ring Structure

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Mid-Urals Ring Structure is located in European Russia
Mid-Urals Ring Structure
Mid-Urals Ring Structure
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Location in Russia

Lake District location map

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Lake District is located in England
Lake District
Lake District
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Location in England

McDonald Islands location map

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McDonald Islands is located in Indian Ocean
McDonald Islands
McDonald Islands
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Location in the Indian Ocean

Danube Canyon location map

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Danube Canyon is located in Europe
Danube Canyon
Danube Canyon
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Location in Europe

Cheddar Gorge location map

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Cheddar Gorge is located in England
Cheddar Gorge
Cheddar Gorge
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Location in England
Cheddar Gorge is located in the United Kingdom
Cheddar Gorge
Cheddar Gorge
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Location in the United Kingdom


Volcanic Explosivity Index

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The Global Volcanism Program has assigned a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) to all of Mount Etna's eruptions since January 1955.

Volcanic Explosivity Index for Mount Etna since January 1955
VEI Number of eruptions (total=49)
VEI 0
1
VEI 1
17
VEI 2
24
VEI 3
7

Igneous rocks Template

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Mohs hardness of moldavite

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There seems to be lots of disagreement about the Mohs hardness of moldavite. Here are some of the Mohs hardness values and their sources:

mohs hardness of moldavite
Source Mohs hardness Reference Comments
Gemdat.org 5.5 [1]
The Drilling Manual (5th edition)edited by Australian Drilling Industry Training Committee Limited, page 607 5.5 [2]
Gemmology by Peter G. Read, page 300 5.5 [3]
Gemstones of the World by Walter Schumann, page 246 5.5 [4]
Correlation of some physical and chemical properties of moldavites by V. Bouška and P. Povondra, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Volume 28, 1964, pages 783-791 between 6.5 and 7 [5][6]
Australian Museum 6-7 [7] Hardness value is actually for tektites; moldavites are a type of tektite

Geothermal gradient

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25-30°C per km = 25–30 °C (45–54 °F) (°F per km). Convert from km to mi by multiplying 1.6093 = 40.2–48.3 °C (72–87 °F) (°F per mi).


Hoodoo Mountain - Featured Article review

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IMA Mineral name abbreviations

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https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anorthite&oldid=1055555462

Canary Islands eruptions table

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Ordovician regional series and stages table

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Ordovician regional series and stages[citation needed]
ICS series ICS stage British series British stage North American series North American stage Australian series Australian stage Chinese series Chinese stage
Upper Ordovician Hirnantian Ashgill Hirnantian Cincinnati Gamach Upper Ordovician Bolinda Late Ordovician Hirnantian
Katian Rawthey Richmond Chientangkiang
Cautley Maysville Easton Neichiashan
Pusgill Eden
Caradoc Strefford Mohawk Chatfield
Cheney
Sandbian Burrell Turin Gisborne
Aureluc Whiterock Chazy
Middle Ordovician Darriwilian Llanvirn Llandeilo Middle Ordovician Darriwiliane Middle Ordovician Darriwilian
Abereiddy Not defined
Dapingian Arenig Fenn Early Ordovician Yapeen Dapingian
Whitland Ranger Castlemaine
Ibex Black Hills Chewton
Bendigo
Lower Ordovician Floian Moridun Tule Lancefield Lower Ordovician Floian
Tremadocian Tremadoc Migneint Stairs Tremadocian
Cressage Skullrock

Canary Islands - Holocene Bar Chart

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tooltip 1
tooltip 2
tooltip 3
10
20
30
40
50
60
Before
During
After
Post mortem
  •   Apple
  •   Banana
  •   Orange
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10,000–8,001
8,000–6,001
6,000–4,001
4,000–2,001
2,000–551
550–0
  •   Tenerife
  •   La Palma

Tenerife and La Palma comparison

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During the last 10,000 years, Tenerife and La Palma have been the two most volcanically active Canary islands. The bar chart compares the number of volcanic eruptions (vertical y-axis) at different stages during this time span (horizontal x-axis).[8]

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10,000–8,001
8,000–6,001
6,000–4,001
4,000–2,001
2,000–551
550–0
  •   Tenerife
  •   La Palma

Geology of the Canary Islands - Image Gallery

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Geology of the Canary Islands - Volcanic Landforms Table

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Ext_Lnk

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Map all coordinates in "Geology of the Canary Islands" using OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as:

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Canary Islands Earthquakes - Interactive Map

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Map
Interactive, zoomable map of earthquakes of magnitude of 4.0 or larger in the Canary Islands region 1976–2024

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  1. ^ https://www.gemdat.org/gem-10860.html
  2. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=yYu9BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA607&lpg=PA607&dq=moldavite+mohs+hardness&source=bl&ots=aAYjprWB3m&sig=BGbEMkqm-ZKpsYOjOv294MGb5BY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjAy7HeguLXAhWFD8AKHe6XDFs4ChDoAQhWMAw#v=onepage&q=moldavite%20mohs%20hardness&f=false
  3. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=b-7fBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA319&lpg=PA319&dq=moldavite+hardness&source=bl&ots=qoxtzWZiXu&sig=uBbkyiK8WYrH2SlS0mW9tOD-9hQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiLq-ammuLXAhWjLMAKHbXBB2MQ6AEIMDAB#v=onepage&q=gemmology%20read%20moldavite%20hardness&f=false
  4. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=V9PqVxpxeiEC&pg=PA246&lpg=PA246&dq=moldavite+mohs+hardness&source=bl&ots=H_L3QJAqPH&sig=6GhocLRP86RNtoYbMiCipmJ6ky4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-x5DKhuLXAhXsJ8AKHXhiDKk4ChDoAQg5MAY#v=onepage&q=moldavite%20mohs%20hardness&f=false
  5. ^ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0016703764900328
  6. ^ https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=moldavite+hardness&btnG=
  7. ^ https://australianmuseum.net.au/tektites
  8. ^ Spain Volcanoes – Holocene Eruptions, Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program, retrieved 13 July 2024; https://volcano.si.edu/volcanolist_countries.cfm?country=Spain
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