Jump to content

User:Footy2000/sandbox5

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

<User:Footy2000/sandbox4 User:Footy2000/sandbox6>

For Highways of India, see National highways of India.

Expressways of India
Expressway signs for NE1 and NE2 Map
System information
Maintained by Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
Length6,059 km (3,765 mi)
Formed2002
Highway names
ExpresswaysNational expressways (NE)
(Primary corridors)
Economic corridors (EC)
(Industrial corridors)
State expressways (SE)
(Regional corridors)
System links

The expressways of India are access-controlled toll highways featuring divided carriageways, engineered to support high-speed vehicular movement and to accommodate heavy loads. They constitute the highest class of road infrastructure in the Indian road network.[1] As of December 2024, the total length of expressways in India was 6,059 km (3,765 mi), with 11,127.69 km (6,914.43 mi) under construction.

A central reservation or median separates the traffic moving in opposite directions on expressways. Entry and exits are permitted only through grade separated interchanges. In contrast, National highways may or may not have a median and may lack full access-control.[2] Additionally, some highways constructed by State Governments, which may be fully or partially access-controlled, are designated or named as expressways by the respective State authorities.[3]

Fully opened in April 2002, Mumbai–Pune Expressway was India's first six-lane, access-controlled, inter-city tolled expressway. Spanning 94.5 km (58.7 mi) between Mumbai and Pune, within the state of Maharashtra, it set the benchmark for future expressway development in the country. Since then, expressway construction has significantly accelerated, particularly under the Bharatmala project and other infrastructure programmes both national and regional.[4]

As of 2024, the longest expressway in India is the partially-opened Delhi–Mumbai Expressway (Phase-3), spanning 1,015 km (631 mi), which was inaugurated on 18 December 2024.[5] The widest expressway is the Delhi–Gurgaon section of the Dwarka Expressway, featuring 16 lanes, which was also opened in 2024.

History

[edit]

Pre-independence

[edit]
Preserved segment of the Grand Trunk Road between Margalla and Kala Chitta in modern-day Pakistan.

While major roads in the Indian subcontinent existed as early as 29th Century BCE in the Indus Valley, the 3,655 km (2,271 mi) long Grand Trunk Road built by the Mauryans during 4th century BCE and later maintained by others, is one of the earliest examples of highest class road infrastructure in India.[6] In 1934, Indian Roads Congress (IRC) was formed to overlook development and research of roads in India and envisioned to achieve a road density of 16 km per 100 km2 of land pre-independence.[7] It was not until in 1995 when National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) was established as an autonomous body to develop, maintain and manage India's road network through National Highways. NHAI would later build and operate various expressways in the country.[8]

Early expressways

[edit]
Mumbai–Pune Expressway, India's first 6-lane expressway

In 1990, Government of Maharashtra appointed RITES to conduct a feasibility study for toll-based expressway between Mumbai and Pune, marking it as the first such initiative to construct an expressway in India. Four years later, RITES submitted its report and the project was estimated to cost ₹1,146 crore (equivalent to ₹75 billion or US$890 million in 2023). In March 1997, Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation (MSRDC) undertook the construction of the expressway on a Build–operate–transfer (BOT) model that allowed the state government to collect tolls for 30 years. At the end of the same year, after all environmental and forest clearances, the construction on the 94.5 km (58.7 mi) corridor commenced with first sections opening in 2000. In April 2002, India's first expressway was flagged to be fully operational, with an estimated construction cost of ₹1,630 crore (equivalent to ₹62 billion or US$740 million in 2023), which paved the way for more such expressways across the country.[4]

Delhi–Noida Direct (DND Flyway), India's first 8-lane expressway

On 24 January 2001, the eight-lane 7.5 km (4.7 mi) long DND Flyway between Delhi and Noida was operationalised, becoming the first urban expressway in India.[9] Following Mumbai-Pune, Ahmedabad–Vadodara Expressway was then opened between the cities of Ahmedabad and Vadodara in Gujarat on 16 August 2004. While this expressway was operationalised two years later, it was designated as National Expressway 1 (NE-1) back in 1986 by the Government of India.[10]

In 2009, with the advent of new expressway infrastructures coming up across India, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways was preparing to set-up National Expressways Authority of India (NEAI) to be in-charge of the construction and maintenance of expressways, however, the Ministry did not proceed with the creation of NEAI for unspecified reasons and NHAI continued to remain in-charge.[11]

Bharatmala pariyojana

[edit]
Further information: Bharatmala
Indian Air Force (IAF) Dassault Mirage 2000 lands at Yamuna Expressway, in Uttar Pradesh on May 20, 2015

Prior to being subsumed under Bharatmala Pariyojana (lit. 'India garland project'), the government of India had launched National Highways Development Project (NHDP) in 1998 as a seven-step flagship project to construct highest class roads in India and to upgrade the existing ones. The phase-4 of which included the development of 1,000 km (620 mi) of expressways at an indicative cost of ₹15,000 crore (equivalent to ₹680 billion or US$8.0 billion in 2023).[12] In 2017, under Bharatmala about 1,900 km (1,200 mi) km of corridors had been identified for development of new expressways, of which 800 km (500 mi) were taken up under phase-1 of the project.[13]

In the 2010s, the states of Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh took keen interest in investing in expressways through dedicated expressway corporations of MSRDC AND UPEIDA respectively.[14] While Maharashtra led by MSRDC completed its second expressway with 701 km (436 mi) long Mumbai–Nagpur Expressway in June 2025, Uttar Pradesh had built four new expressways namely; Bundelkhand, Purvanchal, Agra–Lucknow and Yamuna expressways by the turn of early 2020s.[15] On 21 May 2015, in a first for military aviation and expressway infrastructure in India, the Indian Air Force's Dassault Mirage 2000 successfully landed on the Yamuna Expressway near Mathura in a mock-drill to evaluate the utility of using highways and expressways for emergency landings by military aircraft.[16]

In 2024, the government of India presented an ambitious 'Vision 2024' plan envisioning the construction of up to 50,000 km (31,000 mi) of access-controlled highways and expressways, with Indians gaining access to the expressways at a distance of 100–125 km (62–78 mi) from any point in the country. The ministry of road transport and highways (MoRTH) had also been finalising new guidelines to improve and standardise infrastructure along the already-developed highways with wayside amenities. Satellite-based tolling was also proposed to be started on 10-15 stretches in the same year.[17]

Timeline

[edit]
Total length of Expressways in India every fiscal year (in km)
Year Total length
2024–2025 (Preliminary)
6,059
2023–2024
5,145
2022–2023
3,629
2021–2022
2,501
2020–2021
2,002
2019–2020
1,989
2018–2019
1,762
2017–2018
1,323
2016–2017
1,021
2015–2016
1,021
2014–2015
1,021
2013–2014
1,004
2012–2013
988
2011–2012
580
2010–2011
580
2009–2010
534
2008–2009
438
2007–2008
384
2006–2007
384
2005–2006
343
2004–2005
253
2003–2004
160
2002–2003
160
2001–2002
33

Designation

[edit]

Expressway categories

[edit]

Expressways in India are grouped into three main categories:

  • National Expressways (NE): Managed by NHAI under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), these are the medium to long-distance expressways which connect the major cities of India. Delhi–Mumbai Expressway, designated as National Expressway-4 (NE-4) is one such example of a National Expressway.
  • Economic Corridors (EC): Also managed by NHAI under MoRTH, these expressways are being built across various Industrial corridors of India. Amritsar–Jamnagar Expressway, designated as Economic Corridor-3 (EC-3) is an example of Industrial expressway.
  • State Expressways (SE): These are the regional expressways undertaken by respective state governments to connect the cities within a state. Mumbai–Nagpur Expressway undertaken by Maharashtra state-government's MSRDC is an example for regional expressway undertaken by the state government.
  • Urban expressways: Additionally some urban governments and municipalities have also constructed expressways within or near urban areas to facilitate decongestion and faster movement within cities. DND Flyway between Delhi and Noida is an example for toll-free urban expressway.
  • Bypass expressways: Bypass expressways are constructed to divert the through-traffic, away from urban areas and city centres. They reduce urban pollution and improve travel speed. Chennai Bypass Road is an example that is built to bypass Chennai.
  • Spur expressways: Spur expressways in India are short corridors that branch off from a main expressway to connect important cities, towns, industrial zones or border areas, thus enhancing the regional connectivity. The 41 km (25 mi) long Nakodar–Amritsar spur section which branches off from the Delhi–Katra Expressway is an example.

Greenfield and Brownfield expressways

[edit]

Greenfield Expressways in India are new expressways that are built on new alignments to facilitate economy of the areas they pass through. These newly built expressways allow for speeds up to 120 km/h (75 mph) and typically have space reserved between the carriages to allow for a future expansion. Delhi–Mumbai Expressway is an example which is being built with eight-lanes and a reserved space in the median to allow for future expansion of up to twelve lanes.[18] While Brownfield Expressways in India backed by 'Brownfield National Highway Project' (BNHP) are a series of projects undertaken to widen/re-develop existing national highways that have high traffic demand. The upgradation usually involves expansion of lanes from four to six, such as NH-709A.[19]

Design standards

[edit]

Access

[edit]
Fencing behind the milestone on Yamuna Expressway in Uttar Pradesh.

Access-control on Indian expressways offers uninterrupted high-speed travel and safety. It is mainly achieved through fencing, Grade seperation with over-passes and under-passes, barriers or medians and with additional dedicated service roads for local traffic. Fully access-controlled expressways do not allow access from side roads, villages or properties but only via inter-changes. Partially access-controlled expressways allow access at some at-grade junctions and minor road crossings may exist. Non access-controlled roads are conventional highways that have a mix of local and through traffic without any entry restrictions.

Carriageways

[edit]

All Indian expressways have dual carriageways, one for each direction, separated by a Median. Each carriageway typically has at least two lanes, with three to four lanes also being common. Most Greenfield expressways have a reserved space between the carriages for future expansion in number of lanes. Some expressways utilise concrete or metal beam crash barriers for safety. Paved shoulders or emergency lanes also exist beside each carriageway to support during the event of accident. Service lanes on each direction are often provided outside the fenced area for local traffic.

The Indian Roads Congress (IRC) has specified guidelines for designing access-controlled highways with its IRC:SP:99-2013 standard. It specifies a standard lane width of 3.5 m (11 ft) with paved shoulders having a width of 2–2.5 m (6 ft 7 in – 8 ft 2 in) and unpaved shoulders having 1 m (3 ft 3 in) width.[20]

Interchanges

[edit]
Aerial view of Single Point Diamond Interchange (SPDI) interchange on Raipur–Visakhapatnam Expressway.

Inter-changes are junctions that connect expressway with other roads, highways or expressways without interrupting the flow of traffic. They improve safety by eliminating right-angle collisions. Indian expressways have various interchanges designed for suitability. System interchanges—such as cloverleaf, three-way, trumpet connect with other national or state highways. Service interchanges—such as Single Point Diamond Interchange (SPDI) are used for connecting smaller roads.[21]

The design of inter-changes for Indian expressways and highways are governed by IRC:SP:99-2013 and Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) guidelines. While Cloverleaf interchanges require atleast 20-30 acres of land, directional flyovers require less. The inter-change designs include acceleration/deceleration lanes for safe merging.[20]

Speed

[edit]
Speed limit of 80 km/h (50 mph) shown on the signage at Mumbai–Pune Expressway.

High-speed travel is a key feature on Indian expressways unlike conventional highways where speeds are low due to local traffic and cattle interruptions. The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) has set speed limits based on road geometry and vehicle type. Some Greenfield expressways are designed for speeds up to 150 km/h (93 mph) but are legally capped at 120 km/h (75 mph) for safety, with some expressways capped as low as 100 km/h (62 mph). For heavy vehicles such as buses and trucks, it is usually capped at 80–100 km (50–62 mi).[22] The minimum designed speed on ramps on inter-changes per IRC is 40–60 km (25–37 mi).[20]

Speed limits on Indian Expressways[23]
Expressway type Max enforced limit Design speed
Greenfield Expressways 120 km/h (75 mph) 150 km/h (93 mph)
Brownfield Expressways 100–120 km/h (62–75 mph) 100–120 km/h (62–75 mph)
Urban Expressways 70–90 km/h (43–56 mph) 80–100 km/h (50–62 mph)

Infrastructure

[edit]

Tolls

[edit]
Talegaon Toll Booth on Mumbai–Pune Expressway.

Expressways in India excluding some urban ones are tolled. They are implemented to recover cost of construction, maintenance and operations. They are primarily managed by NHAI under MoRTH. The tolls are levied based on vehicle category, type of expressway and distance travelled. The tolls form a great source of revenue for funding the expanding expressway network in India. Only designated interchanges allow entry and exit into the tolls. Toll rates are revised every year on April 1st, based on the Wholesale price index (WPI) to adjust for inflation.[24][25]

FASTag

[edit]
Main article: FASTag
Chairman of NHAI Shri Deepak Kumar launching the Mobile Apps named 'My FASTag' and 'FASTag Partner' in New Delhi on 17 August 2017.

FASTag is an Electronic toll collection (ETC) system operated in India by NHAI under MoRTH. It uses Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology to enable automatic deduction of toll charges at toll plazas on Indian expressways, allowing for vehicles to pass without stopping for toll transactions.[26]

The FASTag system is based on the National Electronic Toll Collection (NTEC) programme developed by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) as a part of India's efforts to digitise highway infrastructure and reduce congestion on toll plazas. It was launched in 2014 as a pilot project on the Ahmedabad–Mumbai section of Golden Quadrilateral highway. From 15 February 2021, fastag became mandatory for all four-wheeled vehicles on national highways.[27]

Wayside amenities

[edit]

Offered by NHAI under MoRTH, Wayside Amenities (WSAs) are dedicated rest and service facilities located along Indian expressways and other national highways to improve road travel comfort, safety, and logistics. They offer rest, food, fuel, charging stations and similar services to both passengers and freight vehicles. The help in reducing driver fatigue, supporting logistics movement and in promoting highway tourism. They are typically located at intervals of 40–50 km (25–31 mi) along expressways. In June 2025, NHAI announced an ambitious plan of establishing over 1000 WSAs over a period of five years under Public–private partnership. The WSAs in the plan include setting up of fuel stations and EV charging points, food courts, dhabas and restaurants, convenience stores, medical and childcare rooms, promotional spaces for local artisans, drone landing facilities and helipads at larger sites.[28]

Financing

[edit]

The financing of Indian expressways is achieved through a combination of public funding, private investment, multilateral lending and via tolls. Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) sets policy and budget allocations while National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is responsible for implementation and collection of tolls. The private sector entities participate through various Public–private partnership models. A significant amount of funding for expressways comes from central government allocations, especially under Bharatmala Pariyojana. In the 2023-24 Union budget of India, MoRTH was allocated ₹270,000 crore (US$32 billion), of which a large share was dedicated for expressways and economic corridor developments.[29] In 2024-25, NHAI earned over ₹41,000 crore (US$4.8 billion) in toll revenue, with projections of ₹130,000 crore (US$15 billion) by 2030 through FASTag ad monetisation of roads.[30]

National expressways

[edit]

Operational national expressways

[edit]

The following list contains operational national expressways built and operated by National Highways Authority of India (NHAI).

Overview of fully and partially operational national expressways of India
Expressway Sign Terminus Locale Length Lanes Type Status Opening
Ahmedabad–Vadodara
Jashodha Nagar, Ahmedabad – Dumad, Vadodara Gujarat 93.1 km (57.8 mi) 4 Intra-state Operational 16 August 2004[31]
Amritsar–Jamnagar EC-3 Tibba, Kapurthala – Jamnagar Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat 1,256.95 km (781.03 mi) 6 Inter-state ecoomic corridor Partially opened 1 December 2025[32]
Bengaluru–Chennai
Hosakote – Sriperumbudur Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu 258 km (160 mi) 4 Inter-state Partially opened 1 June 2026[33]
DND–KMP NH-148NA DND Flyway, Delhi – KMP, Nuh district Delhi, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh 59 km (37 mi) 6 Inter-state Partially opened 1 July 2025
Delhi–Dehradun
Delhi – Dehradun Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand 210 km (130 mi) 6 Inter-state Partially opened 1 December 2025[34]
Delhi–Faridabad
Badarpur, Delhi – Sector 37, Faridabad Delhi NCR 4.4 km (2.7 mi) 6 Urban brownfield Operational 29 November 2010[35]
Delhi–Gurgaon
Manesar, Gurgaon – Arjun Vihar, Delhi Delhi NCR 27.7 km (17.2 mi) 6-8 Urban brownfield Operational 23 January 2008[36]
Delhi–Meerut
Nizamuddin Bridge, New Delhi – Partapur, Meerut Delhi and Uttar Pradesh 96 km (60 mi) 14 Inter-state Operational 1 April 2021[37]
Delhi–Mumbai
Sohna EC, Delhi – JNPT, Mumbai Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra 1,350 km (840 mi) 8 Inter-state Partially opened 1 October 2025[38]
Mumbai–Pune
Kalamboli, Navi Mumbai – Ravet, Pune Maharashtra 94.5 km (58.7 mi) 6 Intra-state Operational 1 April 2002[39]
Delhi–Panipat
Delhi – Panipat Delhi NCR 70.5 km (43.8 mi) 8 Inter-state brownfield Operational 20 June 2023[40]
Durgapur (Dankuni–Palsit)
Dankuni, KMDA – Palsit West Bengal 69 km (43 mi) 6 Intra-state brownfield Partially opened 2025
Raipur–Bilaspur
Tatibandh, Bilaspur district – Tatibandh, Raipur Chhatisgarh 127 km (79 mi) 4-6 Intra-state brownfield Operational 1 May 2019
Jaipur–Kishangarh
Jaipur – Kishangarh Rajasthan 90 km (56 mi) 6 Intra-state brownfield Operational 1 April 2005 [41]
Kona
Vidyasagar Setu, Kolkata – Santragachi, Kolkata West Bengal 7.3 km (4.5 mi) 6 Urban brownfield Partially opened 3 December 2026[42]
Trans-Haryana (Ambala–Narnaul)
Ghangheri, Kurukshetra district – Surana, Mahendragarh district Haryana 227 km (141 mi) 6 Intra-state Operational 1 August 2022[43]

Under-construction national expressways

[edit]
Overview of under-construction national expressways of India
Expressway Sign Terminus Locale Length Lanes Type Construction began Opening
Ahmedabad–Dholera
Sarkhej, Ahmedabad – Adhelai, Bhavnagar district Gujarat 109 km (68 mi) 4-6 Intra-state 2021[44] 2025[44]
Amas–Darbhanga
Amas, Gaya district – Nawada, Darbhanga Bihar 189 km (117 mi) 4-6 Intra-state 2022[45] 2025[46]
Ambala-Shamli
Sadopur, Ambala district – Gogwan Jalalpur, Shamli district Haryana and Uttar Pradesh 121 km (75 mi) 6 Inter-state 2023[47] 2026[48]
Awadh (Kanpur–Lucknow)
Azad Chauraha, Kanpur – Shaheed Path, Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 62.76 km (39.00 mi) 6 Intra-state 2022[49] 1 July 2025[50]
Bengaluru–Vijayawada NH-544G Bengaluru – Vijaywada Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh 518 km (322 mi) 6 Inter-state 2023[51] 2027[52]
Chennai Port–Maduravoyal Chennai Port – Maduravoyal Tamil Nadu 20.6 km (12.8 mi) 6 Urban 2023[53] 2027[53]
Delhi–Jaipur
Kherki Dhaula Toll, Gurgaon – Chandwaji, Jaipur Delhi, Haryana and Rajasthan 195 km (121 mi) 4 Inter-state 2025[54] 2027[55]
Delhi–Katra
Bahadurgarh border, Delhi – Katra Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir 670 km (420 mi) 4 Inter-state 2021[56] 31 December 2025[57]
Durg–Arang Tendesara, Rajnandgaon district – Mahanadi Bridge, Arang Chhatisgarh 92 km (57 mi) 6 Intra-state 2022[58] 30 June 2026[59]
Faridabad–Ghaziabad Greater Faridabad, Faridabad – Rahul Vihar, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh and Haryana 56 km (35 mi) 6 Inter-state 2025[60] 2027[61]
Ghaziabad-Kanpur Expressway Ghaziabad – Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 380 km (240 mi) 6 Intra-state 2025[62] 2026[62]
Hyderabad–Indore Hyderabad – Indore Telangana, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh 713 km (443 mi) 4 Inter-state brownfield 2024[63] 2025[64]
Jaipur–Bandikui NE-4C Jaipur – Bandikui Rajasthan 67 km (42 mi) 4 Intra-state spur 2022[65] 1 July 2025[66]
Ludhiana–Ajmer EC-8 Ludhiana – Ajmer Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan 600 km (370 mi) 6 Inter-state economic corridor 2025[67] TBD
Nagpur–Vijayawada Nagpur – Vijaywada Maharashtra, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh 405 km (252 mi) 4 Inter-state economic corridor 2023[68] 2027[68]
Raipur–Dhanbad EC-7 Dharsiwa, Raipur district – Dhanbad Chhatisgarh and Jharkhand 707 km (439 mi) 4 Inter-state economic corridor 2023[69] 2026[70]
Raipur–Hyderabad Patan, Raipur – Hyderabad Chhatisgarh, Maharashtra and Telangana 530 km (330 mi) 6 Inter-state 2023[71] 2025[71]
Raipur–Visakhapatnam EC-15 Abhanpur, Raipur district – Visakhapatnam Port, Visakhapatnam Chhatisgarh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh 464 km (288 mi) 6 Inter-state economic corridor 2022[72] 2025[72]
Surat–Chennai Surat district – Chennai district Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu 1,271 km (790 mi) 6 Inter-state 2023[73] 2026[73]
Varanasi–Kolkata NH-319B Varanasi Ring Road, Chandauli district – Sarisha, Diamond Harbour Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal 710 km (440 mi) 6 Inter-state 2024[74] 2027[75]
Urban Extension Road-II NH-344M Alipur – Mahipalpur Delhi NCR 75.7 km (47.0 mi) 6 Urban 2021[76] 2025[77]

Proposed national expressways

[edit]
Overview of proposed national expressways of India
Expressway Terminus Locale Length Lanes Type Proposed in
Chambal (Kota–Etawah) Seemalya, Kota district – Nanawa, Etawah district Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh 404 km (251 mi) 6 Inter-state 2017[78]
Bhopal–Indore Kalan, Bhopal – Karnawad, Indore district Madhya Pradesh 157 km (98 mi) 6 Intra-state 2025[79]
Haldia–Raxaul Haldia – Mehsi, Raxaul West Bengal, Jharkhand and Bihar 650 km (400 mi) 6 Inter-state 2022[80]
Kharagpur–Morgram Kharagpur – Morgram West Bengal 230 km (140 mi) 4 Intra-state 2025[81]
Kharagpur–Visakhapatnam Kharagpur – Visakhapatnam West Bengal, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh 783 km (487 mi) 6 Inter-state 2025[82]
Ludhiana–Ajmer Ludhiana – Ajmer Punjab Haryana and Rajasthan 600 km (370 mi) 6 Inter-state 2019[83]
Narmada Amarkantak – Alirajpur Madhya Pradesh 1,100 km (680 mi) 8 Intra-state 2020[84]
Nagpur–Bengaluru Nagpur – Bengaluru Rural district Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka 1,300 km (810 mi) 8 Inter-state 2025[85]
Palakkad–Kozhikode Marutharode, Palakkad district – Pantheeramkavu, Kozhikode district Kerala 121 km (75 mi) 4 Intra-state 2025[86]
Panipat–Dabwali Panipat district – Dabwali, Sirsa district Haryana 300 km (190 mi) 4 Intra-state 2025[87]
Pune–Bengaluru Pune – Bengaluru rural district Maharashtra and Karnataka 700 km (430 mi) 8 Inter-state 2022[88]
Ranchi–Jamshedpur Ranchi district – Jamshedpur Jharkhand 220 km (140 mi) 4 Intra-state brownfield 2025[89]
Thiruvananthapuram–Angamaly Pulimath, Thiruvananthapuram district – Angamaly, Ernakulam district Kerala 257 km (160 mi) 6 Intra-state 2023 (Stalled)[90]

Bypass expressways

[edit]

Operational bypass expressways

[edit]
Overview of fully and partially operational bypass expressways of India
Bypassing city Expressway Sign Terminals Locale Length Lanes Owner Status Opening
Bengaluru Satellite Town Ring
Dobbaspet, Bengaluru Rural district – Hosur Karnataka and Tamil Nadu 280.8 km (174.5 mi) 4-6 NHAI Partially opened December 2025[91]
Chennai Chennai Bypass
Puzhai, Chennai – Perungalathur, Chennai Tamil Nadu 32 km (20 mi) 6 NHAI Operational 2010[92]
Delhi Eastern Peripheral
Kundli, Sonipat – Dholgarh, Palwal Haryana and Uttar Pradesh 135 km (84 mi) 6 NHAI Operational 27 May 2018[93]
Delhi Western Peripheral Kundli, Sonipat – Dholgarh, Palwal Haryana 135.6 km (84.3 mi) 6 HSIIDC Operational 19 November 2019[94]
Gurgaon Dwarka Expressway Mahipalpur, Delhi – Kherli Daula, Gurgaon Delhi and Haryana 27.6 km (17.1 mi) 8 NHAI Operational 11 March 2024[95]
Hyderabad Outer Ring Gachibowli – Narsingi, Ranga Reddy district Telangana 158 km (98 mi) 8 GHMC Operational 15 July 2016[96]
Kolkata Belghoria Dakshineswar, Kolkata – NSCBIA, Kolkata West Bengal 16 km (9.9 mi) 4 NHAI Operational 2008[97]
Lucknow Lucknow Outer Ring
Bakshi Ka Talab Uttar Pradesh 104 km (65 mi) 8 NHAI Operational March 2024[98]
Ludhiana Ludhiana Elevated Corridor Octroi post – Samrala Roundabout Punjab 13 km (8.1 mi) 4 NHAI Operational January 2024[99]
Mumbai and Thane Mumbai Trans-harbour Sewri, South Mumbai – Chirle, Navi Mumbai Mumbai MR 21.8 km (13.5 mi) 6 MMRDA Operational 12 January 2024[100]
Nashik Nashik Freeway Pathardi – Adgaon Maharashtra 14 km (8.7 mi) 6 NHAI Operational 14 June 2013[101]
Panipat Panipat Elevated Corridor Sewah – Sector-18 Haryana 10 km (6.2 mi) 6 Panipat Elevated Corridor Limited (PECL) Operational 16 July 2008[102]
Prayagraj Prayagraj Bypass
Kokhraj, Prayagraj – Handia, Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh 84.7 km (52.6 mi) 4 NHAI Operational 2009[103]
Prayagraj Prayagraj Ring Road Dandupur – Sahasau Uttar Pradesh 84.7 km (52.6 mi) 4 NHAI Partially opened 18 June 2026[104]
Varanasi Varanasi Ring Road Rakhuana – Barhuli Uttar Pradesh 63 km (39 mi) 4 NHAI Partially opened 2025[105]

Under-construction bypass expressways

[edit]
Overview of under-construction bypass expressways of India
Bypassing city Expressway Sign Terminals Locale Length Lanes Owner Construction began Opening
Kanpur Kanpur Outer Ring Mandhana Uttar Pradesh 93 km (58 mi) 6 NHAI 2024[106] 2027[106]

Proposed bypass expressways

[edit]
Overview of proposed bypass expressways of India
Bypassing city Expressway Sign Terminals Locale Length Lanes Owner Proposed in
Amaravati Amaravati Outer Ring Guntur district – Krishna district Andhra Pradesh 210 km (130 mi) 6 APCRDA 2015[107]
Patna Patna Outer Ring Vaishali district – Saran district Bihar 140 km (87 mi) 6 NHAI 2018[108]
Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram OAGC NH-886 Vizhinjam – Navaikulam Kerala 80 km (50 mi) 6 NHAI 2020.[109]

State expressways

[edit]

Overview of State Expressways of India not built and operated by NHAI

States Expressways Length operational
Bihar 1 39.5 km (24.5 mi)
Chhatisgarh 1 12.7 km (7.9 mi)
Haryana 1 35 km (22 mi)
Maharashtra 7 888.1 km (551.8 mi)
Punjab 1 98 km (61 mi)
Uttar Pradesh 5 1,085.2 km (674.3 mi)
West Bengal 1 44.17 km (27.45 mi)

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Wayback Machine" (PDF). tis.nhai.gov.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 March 2025. Retrieved 26 June 2025.
  2. ^ "Wayback Machine" (PDF). www.indiacode.nic.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2025.
  3. ^ "Wayback Machine" (PDF). nhai.gov.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2025. Retrieved 26 June 2025.
  4. ^ a b Shekhawat, Aditya (22 January 2025). "Mumbai-Pune Expressway: History, Structure, Missing Link And More – My India". Retrieved 26 June 2025.
  5. ^ "80km route of Del-Mum eway opens, to boost connectivity". The Times of India. 18 December 2024.
  6. ^ Tayler, Jeffrey (November 1999). "The Atlantic: "India's Grand Trunk Road"". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 7 September 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
  7. ^ Jagarlamudi, Vishnu. "History of Road Development in India". Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2018 – via Scribd.
  8. ^ "Roadways in India - Road Industry, Network, Projects & FDI". www.investindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  9. ^ "'Noida jinx' to keep Akhilesh Yadav away from PM event". The Economic Times. 29 December 2015.
  10. ^ "Wayback Machine" (PDF). egazette.nic.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2025.
  11. ^ Dash, Dipak Kumar (23 November 2009). "By 2022, govt to lay 18,637km of expressways". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 26 November 2009. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  12. ^ "National Highways Development Project Map". National Highways Institute of India.
  13. ^ "Wayback Machine" (PDF). archive.pib.gov.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 January 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2025.
  14. ^ "Maharashtra, UP to drive state-led capex in road sector in next 3 yrs". The Times of India. 7 May 2019. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 27 June 2025.
  15. ^ "Explained: Politics of Uttar Pradesh expressways". The Indian Express. 23 November 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2025.
  16. ^ "IAF successfully test-lands Mirage on Yamuna e-way". The Times of India. 22 May 2015.
  17. ^ Narayan, Subhash (5 January 2024). "Govt's Vision '47 set to target 50,000km of expressways". mint. Archived from the original on 30 May 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2025.
  18. ^ "Nod to elevated corridor on Greenfield Expressway, budget likely to rise by 48%". The Tribune. Retrieved 27 June 2025.
  19. ^ "Brownfield National Highway Project | CEPT - Portfolio". portfolio.cept.ac.in. Retrieved 27 June 2025.
  20. ^ a b c Indian Roads Congress (2013). IRC SP 099: Manual of Specification and Standards for Expressways. Public.Resource.Org.
  21. ^ "Wayback Machine" (PDF). law.resource.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 January 2025. Retrieved 26 June 2025.
  22. ^ "Tyre Speed Rating vs Legal Speed Limit in India". Vredestein Tyres. Retrieved 27 June 2025.
  23. ^ "Tyre Speed Rating vs Legal Speed Limit in India". Vredestein Tyres. Retrieved 28 June 2025.
  24. ^ "Toll taxes across Indian highways set to increase from April 1. Details inside". India Today. 1 April 2025. Retrieved 28 June 2025.
  25. ^ Bhatnagar, Viraaj. "Toll tax on national highways, expressways hiked by up to 5 percent". Autocar India. Retrieved 28 June 2025.
  26. ^ "FAQs on NETC FASTag". Archived from the original on 27 December 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
  27. ^ "FASTags mandatory for all 4 wheelers from today; hybrid lanes to accept cash till February 15 - BusinessToday". Business Today. 1 January 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2025.
  28. ^ "NHAI's Innovative Strategy to Attract Global Expertise for World-Class Highway Amenities". Park+. Retrieved 28 June 2025.
  29. ^ Chandra, Jagriti (1 February 2024). "Budget 2024 | Road sector budget sees a nominal hike of 2.7%". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 28 June 2025.
  30. ^ Sharma, Yogima Seth (4 April 2025). "Toll mopup rises 12.5% in FY25 to an all-time high". The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 28 June 2025.
  31. ^ "Ahmedabad Vadodara Expressway to be ready by March-Source-Business Standard". Archived from the original on 4 October 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  32. ^ "Amritsar – Jamnagar Economic Corridor – Information & Status". The Metro Rail Guy. Retrieved 29 June 2025.
  33. ^ B.P, Darshan Devaiah (17 March 2025). "Bengaluru-Chennai Expressway to be fully operational by June 2026". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
  34. ^ "Delhi-Dehradun expressway status: Travel from Delhi to Dehradun in 2.5 hours soon - details here". The Times of India. 3 September 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  35. ^ "Delhi Faridabad Expressway". Archived from the original on 1 January 2016.
  36. ^ "Excess cars made tolling a taxing truth at first: Expressway builder". Express India. Archived from the original on 20 November 2008. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
  37. ^ "Delhi-Meerut Expressway open for public, cuts travel time to 45 minutes".
  38. ^ "Delhi-Mumbai Expressway Set To Open For All by 2025". India.com. 2 August 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  39. ^ "Mumbai-Pune Expressway, India". Road Traffic Technology. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  40. ^ Dutta, Alisha (8 July 2023). "Completion of Delhi-Panipat corridor allows commuters to breathe easy". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  41. ^ "GVK Jaipur-Kishangarh Expressway". L&T IDPL. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  42. ^ {{cite web| url=https://www.magicbricks.com/blog/kona-expressway/133175.html | title=Kona Expressway - Route, Speed, & Real-Estate Impact | publisher=magicbricks | date=19 October 2023
  43. ^ PTI (1 August 2022). "Haryana: Six Lane Ambala - Narnaul Expressway Opened For Public, To Ease Traffic In Delhi NCR". Swarajya. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  44. ^ a b "Ahmedabad Dholera Expressway: Opening Date & Latest Updates (2025)". Latest Global Construction Industry Projects (2024) - Blackridge Research & Consulting. 24 June 2025. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  45. ^ "Amas - Darbhanga Expressway - Information & Status". The Metro Rail Guy. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  46. ^ "Amas Darbhanga Expressway Bihar - Greenfield Expressway NH 119D". Magicbricks Blog. 8 January 2024. Archived from the original on 29 September 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  47. ^ @rahstaexpo_ on Instagram. "Shamli to Ambala: Connecting Small Cities with Big Dreams!". www.instagram.com. Retrieved 30 June 2025. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  48. ^ "GRAP norms bring NHAI projects to halt". The Tribune. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  49. ^ "PNC Wins Kanpur Lucknow Expressway's Contract". The Metro Rail Guy. 23 February 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  50. ^ Shewaramani, Jatin (2 January 2025). "Lucknow News Roundup | Awadh Expressway to be ready by June, temp to drop in next 48 hrs & more". Knocksense. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
  51. ^ "Bangalore–Vijayawada Expressway – Information & Status". The Metro Rail Guy. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  52. ^ "Prime Minister Modi lays the foundation stone for 14 packages of Bengaluru - Kadappa - Vijayawada Expressway worth ₹ 14,000 crores in Andhra Pradesh". 11 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  53. ^ a b Bureau, The Hindu (2 April 2025). "Review meets held regularly to track work on Chennai Port-Maduravoyal elevated corridor project: Minister". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 1 July 2025. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  54. ^ "Full Guide to the Delhi–Jaipur Expressway: Timeline, Route, Real Estate Growth - Times Property". timesproperty. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  55. ^ "Delhi - Jaipur Super Expressway – Information & Status". The Metro Rail Guy. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  56. ^ Livemint (16 September 2021). "Delhi-Katra in 6 hours by road. Expressway to be launched in 2 years". livemint.com. Retrieved 16 September 2021.
  57. ^ Barring Punjab, 669 km Delhi-Katra e-way almost complete in most states, The Tribune, 23 Aug 2024.
  58. ^ "Chhattisgarh Infrastructure: Durg set for major infra boost with expressways, metro, and industrial projects". propnewstime.com. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  59. ^ "Project Details". NHAI. 27 December 2022.
  60. ^ Tamta, Prashant. "Delhi-NCR news: BIG update on long-pending Faridabad-Noida-Ghaziabad expressway, authorities agree to..." DNA India. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  61. ^ "FNG Expressway: Route, Status And Construction Timeline". www.91infra.com. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  62. ^ a b "Ghaziabad-Kanpur Expressway to link 9 UP districts, may be extended to Jewar Airport". Moneycontrol. Archived from the original on 11 May 2025. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  63. ^ Bharat, E. T. V. (10 January 2025). "Gadkari Carries Out Aerial Inspection Of 33-Km Stretch Of High-Speed Indore-Hyderabad Corridor". ETV Bharat News. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  64. ^ "Indore-Hyderabad Economic Corridor – Information & Status Update". The Metro Rail Guy. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  65. ^ "Salient Features – GR Bandikui Jaipur Expressway Private Limited". Retrieved 29 June 2025.
  66. ^ "From July, travel time between Delhi and Jaipur to reduce by an hour". Retrieved 26 June 2025.
  67. ^ "Work begins to build Ludhiana-Bathinda national highway at Rs 1,555 crore". The Tribune. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  68. ^ a b "Nagpur-Vijayawada Economic Corridor – Information & Status Update". The Metro Rail Guy. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  69. ^ "PM Inaugurates, Lays Foundation Stones in Raipur". Drishti IAS. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  70. ^ "Raipur-Dhanbad expressway and rail upgrades to reshape Coal Capital's future". propnewstime.com. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  71. ^ a b "Raipur-Hyderabad Expressway to cut down travel time between the cities by 2025". The Times of India. 17 January 2025. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  72. ^ a b Mishra, Pawni (13 April 2022). "Raipur Visakhapatnam Expressway: Route, Map, Cost, and Latest Updates". MagicBricks. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  73. ^ a b "PM Modi lays foundation stone for Karnataka section of 6-lane Surat-Chennai Expressway". Times Now. 19 January 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
  74. ^ Yadav, Anshika (23 February 2024). "Varanasi Ranchi Kolkata Expressway 6 Lane E-Way To Reduce Time By 6 Hours". Magicbricks. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
  75. ^ Mishra, Amit (9 December 2022). "NHAI's Ambitious 610-Km Varanasi-Kolkata Expressway To Be Operational By 2027". Swarajya. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
  76. ^ "Delhi Urban Extension Road 2 – Information & Status". The Metro Rail Guy. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  77. ^ "Delhi's 3rd Ring Road to open by August". Hindustan Times. 7 June 2025.
  78. ^ "Chambal Expressway aka Atal Progressway Complete Project Details". indianconstructioninfo.com. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  79. ^ "Bhopal to boast India's best transport system: Multi-state travel within 12 hours". Patrika News. 25 February 2025. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  80. ^ "Six-Lane Expressway Connecting Raxaul To Haldia Coming Up By 2028, To Cost Rs 54,000 Crore". News18. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  81. ^ "Four new greenfield expressway to be opened by centre in West Bengal". www.constructionworld.in. Retrieved 29 June 2025.
  82. ^ "Kharagpur-Visakhapatnam Expressway to change Eastern India's road connectivity". The Times of India. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  83. ^ "Shelved Ludhiana-Bathinda highway project back on track". The Tribune. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  84. ^ "Bhopal: Cabinet gives nod to 906-km Narmada Expressway construction". Free Press Journal.
  85. ^ "NHAI awards 251-km Hyderabad-Nagpur corridor for Rs 6,661 cr under TOT model". The Economic Times. 20 September 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  86. ^ Service, Express News (5 June 2025). "Rs 6,700 crore boost for road development in Kerala". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  87. ^ Team, T. H. S. (4 February 2025). "Haryana's Ambitious 300km Highway Project: Dabwali to Panipat Expressway". en.theharyanastory.com. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  88. ^ "Pune Bengaluru Expressway - Route, Map, Cost, Progress, and More - Infra Info Hub". 23 May 2025. Retrieved 23 May 2025.
  89. ^ "Ranchi Jamshedpur highway". magicbricks. 22 April 2025.
  90. ^ Bureau, The Hindu (12 December 2024). "No plans to go ahead with greenfield NH projects, says Centre". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 1 July 2025. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  91. ^ "Bangalore Satellite Town Ring Road – Information & Status". The Metro Rail Guy. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  92. ^ Service, Express News (2 October 2024). "NHAI mulls linking service roads along bypass from Madhavaram to Irumbuliyur". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  93. ^ "Gurgaon: Kundli-Manesar expressway inauguration today". Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  94. ^ "PM Modi to inaugurate Western Peripheral Expressway: All you need to know".
  95. ^ "Dwarka Expressway – Information & Status Update". The Metro Rail Guy. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  96. ^ "ORR: Ghatkesar – Shameerpet stretch opens". TOI. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
  97. ^ "Rising crime on Belghoria expressway". The Times of India. 19 August 2009 – via The Economic Times - The Times of India.
  98. ^ "Lucknow's pivotal project, Outer Ring Road all set to be inaugurated in March". 28 February 2024.
  99. ^ "Elevated Road: An unwanted 'white elephant' in the making". The Tribune. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  100. ^ "Mumbai Trans Harbour Link Inauguration Live Updates: PM Modi inaugurates Atal Setu bridge". The Times of India. 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  101. ^ "UltraTech Cement Limited || Projects || PimpalGaon-Nashik-Gonde Road Project". Ultratechcement.com. Archived from the original on 27 May 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  102. ^ "India's longest flyover inaugurated". Projects Today. 17 July 2008.
  103. ^ "Allahabad Bypass Expressway, Map of Allahabad Bypass". www.mapsofindia.com. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  104. ^ "1st phase of ring road to be over before Mahakumbh". The Times of India. 16 March 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  105. ^ "One lane of Ganga bridge in Kashi set to open by May end". The Times of India. 7 March 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  106. ^ a b "22 Firms Qualify for Kanpur Ring Road Packages 2A & 2B's Contracts". The Metro Rail Guy. 25 October 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  107. ^ Subba Rao, GVR (7 December 2015). "Road projects: land acquisition to be a daunting task for AP". The Hindu. Vijayawada. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  108. ^ "Centre approves ring road, elevated highway projects | Patna News - Times of India". The Times of India.
  109. ^ "PM Modi to lay stone for Outer Ring Road in Thiruvananthapuram on April 25 - The New Indian Express". www.newindianexpress.com. Retrieved 27 June 2023.


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Footy2000/sandbox5&oldid=1298267069"