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Note: This will be a new section at the bottom of the existing wikipedia article "Naxalite".

Tribal Participation in Naxalite Movements

Tribal communities are likely to participate in Naxalism to push back against structural violence by the state, including land theft for purposes of mineral extraction. Impoverished areas with no electricity, running water, or healthcare provided by the state may accept social services from Naxalite groups, and give their support to the Naxal cause in return. Some argue that the state's absence allowed for Naxalites to become the legitimate authority in these areas by performing state-like functions, including enacting policies of redistribution and building infrastructure for irrigation. Healthcare initiatives such as malaria vaccination drives and medical units in areas without doctors or hospitals have also been documented. Although Naxalite groups engage in coercion to grow membership, the Adivasi experience of poverty, when contrasted with the state's economic growth, can create an appeal for Naxal ideology and incentivize tribal communities to join Naxal movements out of "moral solidarity".

Annotated Bibliography

Anuradha K., Dash J. (2019) Participation of South Odishan Tribes in Naxal Movements: A Contextual Analysis. In: Behera M. (eds) Shifting Perspectives in Tribal Studies. Springer, Singapore. ISBN 9789811380907. OCLC 1105928010.

-Identifies reasons why tribes might join Naxalite movements, such as to protest structural violence by the state.

Pandita, Rahul. Hello, Bastar: The Untold Story of India’s Maoist Movement.Chennai: Westland, 2011.

-This is a work of journalism that looks at the activities of Maoist groups from the inside. It describes medical service squads that offer vaccinations and other services to rural villages.

Santanama. Jangalnama: Inside the Maoist Guerrilla Zone. New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2010. ISBN 9780143414452.

-This is a travel narrative that describes some of the Maoist areas in India. It describes them treating malaria cases in rural villages without doctors.

Shah, Alpa (2013-08-01). "The intimacy of insurgency: beyond coercion, greed or grievance in Maoist India". Economy and Society. 42 (3): 480–506. doi:10.1080/03085147.2013.783662. ISSN 0308-5147.

Explains how Naxal groups form bonds of intimacy with the villages around which they operate. Argues that Naxalites gained sovereignty in these areas by replacing the state, which failed to provide services for the people living here.

Walia, H.S. (2018-04-25). "The Naxal Quagmire in Bihar & Jharkhand – Genesis & Sustenance". LEARNING COMMUNITY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT. 9 (1). doi:10.30954/2231-458X.01.2018.7.

Presents several factors for why members of tribal communities might join Naxalite movements. This includes services provided such as infrastructure building. Points out that although tribes often live in mineral-rich areas, they don't see material wealth from these sources. The state simply extracts it and leaves them with nothing, not even basic services.