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Rohingya National Army

  1. Introduction
    1. The Rohingya National Army (RNA), formerly the Harakah al-Yaqin (the Faith Movement)[1], and also known as the Rohingya Solidarity Organisaton (RSO), is a group that began operating in 2001.[2] The Rohingya people are an Islamic minority located in Myanmar.[3] The group started after the number of violent attacks and unfair treatment of Muslims by the Buddhist community.[1]
  2. Background/Origins
    1. A new Democratic government under Aung San Suu Kyi was established in 2012. It was around that time that Anti-Muslim violence began to break out.[4]
    2. Small attacks led by anti-government vigilantes began in 2016, but had little to no effect. These vigilantes were the beginning of the formation of the RNA. The attacks became more serious when the RNA began to target police posts and staged attacks with machetes and other weapons.[4]
    3. Policy changes made by the Myanmar government resulted in a series of attacks led by the RNA. Such policy changes included restrictions on marriage, family planning, employment, education, religious choice, and freedom of movement.[3]
    4. The insurgency was led by Attullah Abu Ammar Jununi, and was initially called Harakah al-Yaqin. The RNA claimed it was formed years prior to its initial attacks, but it had little supporters due to its extremism and financial shortage.[4]
    5. The Rohingya live in one of the most poverty stricken areas, and the poverty rate is around 78 percent with little to no employment options, heavy poverty, and feeble infrastructure.[3]
    6. Around 128,000 Rohingya and Kaman Muslims have been forced to live in detention camps since 2012, where they have lost the majority of their liberties. The government has made claims of closing some of the camps down, but plans of more permanent camps began in 2018.[2]
    7. Due to these circumstances and the unfair treatment of the Rohingya people, a series of attacks were launched against the Myanmar military as a means to protest the actions taken against civilians.[5]
    8. The government was informed of human trafficking of women and young girls, but failed to take action against the people responsible. As a result, numerous women and children have been lured into China and sold as brides.[2]
    9. Junui has stated that the reason for taking action against the Myanmar military was so that the Rohingya people might be liberated from the oppression they experienced under the Myanmar government.[4]
  3. Attacks
    1. In October 2016, the RNA launched small-scale attacks against police posts in the northern Rakhine State. These attacks triggered a larger response from the military, which resulted in more inhumane treatment of the Rohingya Muslims.[1]
    2. Fights in Rakhine broke out August 2017, which the RNA claimed they were responsible for. In the first month of the attacks around 6,700 Rohingya were killed, and hundreds of villages were destroyed. Around 7,000 Rohingya were forced to flee the area, and Myanmar security are said to have opened fire on the civilians that were fleeing from the violence. Land mines were placed near the borders the Rohingya were using to travel to Bangladesh.[3]
    3. While some Rohingya villagers assisted the RNA with the attacks, using bladed weapons and sticks, the majority of Rohingya villagers did not take part in the attacks. [1]
    4. August 25, 2017, the Rohingya National Army attacked a Hindu village in Ah Nauk Kha Maung Seik, which is located in northern Maungdaw Township. During this attack, the RNA gathered all of the 69 citizens of the village and killed the majority of them execution-style. The RNA abducted the remaining villagers. The following day, the RNA killed 6 more Hindus and injured another near Myo Thu Gyi village.[1]
  4. Government/International reactions
    1. United Nations leaders such as U.S. Ambassador Nikki Haley have declared the attacks on the Rohingya people as an ethnic cleansing and has called for the restriction and removal of weapons from the military. Other leaders from Russia and China have not taken action against the Myanmar government in hopes of stabilizing the situation.[3]
    2. The response of Myanmar security has been limited, and they stated that their attacks against the civilians were to strike back against a terrorist organization. It is alleged that tactics such as psychological warfare and sexual assault have been used against the civilians as a means to threaten the organization, but none of them have been confirmed.[5]
    3. The government has officially deemed the Rohingya National Army as "extreme Bengali terrorists", and have claimed that the RNA is trying to establish an Islamic State due to its leader's links to Saudi Arabia.[4]
  5. Recent News
    1. In 2018, it was reported that since the attacks by the military began, over 730,000 Rohingya have fled to Bangladesh. [6]


  1. ^ a b c d e "Document". www.amnesty.org. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  2. ^ a b c "Arakan Rohingya National Organisation - Myanmar/Bangladesh | Terrorist Groups | TRAC". www.trackingterrorism.org. Retrieved 2019-04-11.
  3. ^ a b c d e "What Forces Are Fueling Myanmar's Rohingya Crisis?". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 2019-04-11.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Who Are the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army?". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 2019-04-11.
  5. ^ a b "Myanmar's Armed Forces and the Rohingya Crisis". United States Institute of Peace. Retrieved 2019-04-11.
  6. ^ Avenue, Human Rights Watch | 350 Fifth; York, 34th Floor | New; t 1.212.290.4700, NY 10118-3299 USA | (2018-12-18). "World Report 2019: Rights Trends in Myanmar". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 2019-04-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

**COMMENTS**

Staring with your background section, I think the 1st point is hard to read. It makes sense, but I think rewording the part where you say "established by Aung San Suu Kyi" would make it flow better. Maybe sometime like "under Aung San Suu Kyi". Also, I think you could expand on the motivations for the anti-Muslim violence and why the new democratic government did not act. I don't understand why the government didn't help based on what you said. On your second point, I assume you are now referring to the Rohingya National Army, but you don't name them. I think you should say RNA rather than the "group" most the time to avoid confusion. I'm not entirely sure if "vigilantes" or "group" is talking about the RNA or not. The same goes for the third point, I think you are being too vague and it leads to confusion. What are the series of events and who is the organization? The rest of your points under the background/origins are better in my opinion, but you could still add more context. Like how does the general Rohingya population view the RNA and their actions? What ethnic differences causes the government to be so inactive? Or is it something else? Under your "Attacks" section, in the 1st point you could say what the inhumane treatment of the Rohingya entailed. The statistics you have in this section on violence against the Rohingya do a good job of painting the context of why the RNA would operate, but maybe this should be in the background section since the article is about the RNA and a lot of data here is about the Myanmar government. I like your last two sections, but would it be possible to find a recent development more recent than last year?

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