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bitmark
Filename extensions	.bitm
Internet media type	text/plain
Type code	".bitm" ".bitm.txt"
Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)	public.bitm-text
UTI conformation	public.plain-text
Developed by	Thomas Gabathuler, Philippe Pointet
Initial release	2020 (2020)
Latest release	4.0 2023 (2023)
Type of format	Open file format
Extended to	.bitm.txt
Open format?	Yes
Free format?	Yes
Website	www.bitmark-association.org

Bitmark is an open-source and lightweight data standard that includes a JSON data model and a markup language. It was originally developed around 2020 in Zurich, Switzerland by Thomas Gabathuler for the description of static and interactive learning content (ex. quizzes, exercises). The main objective of the bitmark standard is the interoperability of learning content between platforms, content creators, publishers, and developers. Academic publishers of educational media including Springer Nature, , and KLV Westermann are currently using the bitmark standard to create content once and publish it seamlessly on multiple channels.

History

The bitmark markup language was originally developed in Zurich, Switzerland by a co-founder of the EdTech company Get More Brain AG. The main objective of the standard was to digitize language textbooks and describe interactive learning resources. This separation between content and style allowed the same content to be published across various platforms with no compatibility issues. In 2019, a non-profit organization named the bitmark Association was founded in Zurich to introduce the bitmark standard and associated software."bitmark Hackathon". Roteco. 2022.</ref> This standard was first released in 2020 and supported by the Wikimedia CH’s Education Programme through the ‘bitmark Hackathon 2024’ project. The standard includes features expected by EdTech publishers and compatible with existing learning platforms and markup languages. Later, bitmark became an open-source standard that enabled interoperability and data sharing.

Technology

The bitmark standard focuses on describing the semantic of content instead of style. Although bitmark originally included the JSON data model, its version 3.0 moved from a hybrid JSON-text markup to an all JSON representation with text.

This approach leads to two essential objectives: 1) It enables mobile devices in particular, to better access and use digital knowledge; 2) It generates a personalized curriculum and adapted feedback that are independent of any layout format. Bitmark fragments given content into "bits" of knowledge, which can be assembled into chapters, books, and optimized digital assets.

With bitmark, a Bit refers to a single resource like a media file (ex. text, image, audio, video) or a learning material (ex. article, book, magazine). For example a quiz Bit may require a learner to read a news article, listen to an important audio file, watch a video, or study a particular image

A bitmark file uses the .bitm file extension that is seldom used as a separate text format and bitmark extensions are combined like .bitm.txt.

Key features

The table and related descriptions below refer to selected keywords of Bit markup. It is not an exhaustive list of all the bitmark standard keywords that normally includes Bit JSON, Book markup, and Book JSON.

Keyword	Short Description	Example
[.type]	Type of Bit.	quiz: [.cloze] Wikipedia is [_free].
[.type:text]	Bit type and text format	[.cloze:bitmark--]
[.type&resource]	Bit with resource	[.interview&image] (quiz with image)
[%item]	Human-readable identifier	[% Quiz 01]
[%item][%lead]	tags to group quizzes by subject.	[% Quiz 01][% Language Quizzes]
[!instruction]	Instruction for the quiz.	[! Representation of an ordered list of objects?]
[?hint]	Hint/Help (displayed on request), related to solving the quiz.	[? Think about arrays.]
[@sampleSolution:...]	Sample solution or feedback example.	[@sampleSolution:apple][@sampleSolution:banana][@sampleSolution:mango]
[@example] or [@example:...]	Example solution for clear understanding of the quiz.	[@example:apple]

Scope and usage

There exists an open-source technical documentation and guidelines for the integration, interoperability, and improvement of the bitmark standard. The following images explain how the bitmark markup is used. bitmark makes, education accessible (2022). "How Get More Brain is building the next generation Learning Experience based on bitmark" (video). youtube.com. YouTube. Given the bitmark input text:

[. cloze] Wikipedia is a free online [_ cloze] hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation.

The bitmark parser scans it and generates a bitmark-JSON object that is processed by any app via the bitmark API before rendering the quiz.

{
    "markup": "[_cloze] Wikipedia is a free online [_cloze] hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation.",
    "bit": {
        "type": "cloze",
        ...
    }
}

Finally, the following output is displayed: Wikipedia is a free online hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation.

See also

• Authoring tool
• Computer aided instruction
• List of markup languages
• Comparison of document markup languages
• Modeling language
• Educational technology
• Learning management system
• Formatted text
• SCRIPT (markup)

External links

Official website

Category:Lightweight markup languages Category:Open formats Category:Formal languages * Category:Swiss inventions