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Iron nitrides are chemical compounds of iron and nitrogen that exist as several forms, a polymorph a variety of different crystal structures and magnetic properties that vary with differing concentration of nitrogen ions.[1]

Synthesis

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Iron nitride in the form of Fe2N was first discovered by Belgian-French chemist César-Mansuète Despretz in 1829 (Despretz, Ann. Chim. Phys., 1829, 42, 122) [2] In 1861, Edmond Frémy obtained Fe5N2 by using anhydrous iron(II) chloride instead of pure iron. Ferrous chloride or ferrous bromide, pure iron powder, iron amalgam?

nitrogen ion implantation in polycrystalline nickel.[3] or via a two-step milling process.[4]

Naturally occurring mineral named siderazot? formula Fe5N2. found in lava.[5]

Chemical properties

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Iron nitride forms multiple chemical structures: α´-FexN (x&gte;8, tetragonal); ζ-Fe2N (orthorhombic); ε-Fe3N or ε-FexN where 2<x&lte;3(hexagonal close-packed); γ-Fe4Ny (face-centered cubic); β-Fe7N3 (body-centered cubic), and α˝-Fe16N2 (body-centered tetragonal).[1][6] epsilon[7][8]

Cubic Fe-N[9]

The structure of hypothetical FeN2, iron pernitride, has been predicted.[10]

All iron nitrides are ferromagnetic. Fe2N decomposes under loss of molecular nitrogen at around 400 °C and formation of lower-nitrogen content iron nitrides. [citation needed] .

They are insoluble in water

For below:[2] Gray powder, density 6.1-6.55 g/cm3

Dissolves in acid, attacked by chlorine but not bromine or iodine

Available commercially as a powder of mixed valences with the formula FexN, where x=2-4.

Applications

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Used in the synthesis of ammonia Colloidal solutions of iron nitride nanoparticles have been used to synthesize ferrofluid.[11]

In 2010, a group of researchers from the University of Minnesota found crystalline Fe16N2 to be the strongest naturally magnetic material.[12] Further work with the Los Alamos and Oak Ridge National Labs in 2016 produced a rare earth-free permanent magnet based on Fe16N2 and Fe4Nfor use in electric vehicles and renewable energy applications.[13][14] A similar magnet was developed in 2012 by Case Western Reserve University researchers in a project funded by ARPA-E.[15]

Fe2N has been identified as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).[16] used to create oxygen reduction catalyst combined with nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel.[17]

High density magnetic recording materials

References

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  1. ^ a b . doi:/j.stam.2003.10.020 (inactive 2022-06-26). {{cite journal}}: Check |doi= value (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2022 (link)
  2. ^ a b Fowler, Gilbert John (1901). "XXIX.—Iron nitride". J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 79: 285–299. doi:10.1039/CT9017900285.
  3. ^ Rauschenbach, B; Kolitsch, A; Hohmuth, K (1983). "Iron nitride phases formed by nitrogen ion implantation and thermal treatment". Physica Status Solidi A. 80 (2): 471–482. doi:10.1002/pssa.2210800209.
  4. ^ https://ip.sandia.gov/techpdfs/2-Step%20Milling%20of%20Iron%20Nitrides.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  5. ^ http://webmineral.com/data/Siderazot.shtml#.W2itqdVKiHs
  6. ^ Widenmeyer, Marc; Hansen, Thomas C; Meissner, Elke; Niewa, Rainer (2014). "Formation and Decomposition of Iron Nitrides Observed by in situ Powder Neutron Diffraction and Thermal Analysis". Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 640 (7): 1265–1274. doi:10.1002/zaac.201300676.
  7. ^ Jack, K. H (1952). "The iron–nitrogen system: The crystal structures of ε-phase iron nitrides". Acta Crystallographica. 5 (4): 404–411. doi:10.1107/S0365110X52001258. S2CID 97085780.
  8. ^ Robbins, M; White, J.G (1964). "Magnetic properties of epsilon-iron nitride". Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 25 (7): 717–720. doi:10.1016/0022-3697(64)90182-9.
  9. ^ Rissanen, L; Neubauer, M; Lieb, K.P; Schaaf, P (1998). "The new cubic iron-nitride phase FeN prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 274 (1–2): 74–82. doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(98)00594-5.
  10. ^ Wessel, Michael; Dronskowski, Richard (2011). "A New Phase in the Binary Iron Nitrogen System?-The Prediction of Iron Pernitride, FeN2". Chemistry - A European Journal. 17 (9): 2598–2603. doi:10.1002/chem.201003143. PMID 21290440.
  11. ^ Nakatani, Isao; Hijikata, Masayuki; Ozawa, Kiyoshi (1993). "Iron-nitride magnetic fluids prepared by vapor-liquid reaction and their magnetic properties". Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 122 (1–3): 10–14. doi:10.1016/0304-8853(93)91028-6.
  12. ^ "Iron-nitrogen compound forms strongest magnet known". Phys.org. March 22, 2010. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
  13. ^ Jiang, Yanfeng; Mehedi, Md Al; Fu, Engang; Wang, Yongqiang; Allard, Lawrence F; Wang, Jian-Ping (2016). "Synthesis of Fe16N2 compound Free-Standing Foils with 20 MGOe Magnetic Energy Product by Nitrogen Ion-Implantation". Scientific Reports. 6. doi:10.1038/srep25436. S2CID 18083230.
  14. ^ Bush, Steve (May 17, 2016). "Rare-earth-free magnet made from cheap materials". ElectronicsWeekly.com. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
  15. ^ "Case Western Reserve University - Transformation Enabled Nitride Magnets Absent Rare Earths (TEN Mare)".
  16. ^ Sun, Tao; Jiang, Yufei; Wu, Qiang; Du, Lingyu; Zhang, Zhiqi; Yang, Lijun; Wang, Xizhang; Hu, Zheng (2017). "Is iron nitride or carbide highly active for oxygen reduction reaction in acidic medium?". Catalysis Science & Technology. 7: 51–55. doi:10.1039/C6CY01921H.
  17. ^ Yin, Han; Zhang, Chenzhen; Liu, Fei; Hou, Yanglong (2014). "Hybrid of Iron Nitride and Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Aerogel as Synergistic Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction". Advanced Functional Materials. 24 (20): 2930–2937. doi:10.1002/adfm.201303902. S2CID 94661259.


Category:Iron compounds Category:Nitrides

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