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Load-Frequency Control

Load-frequency control (LFC) is a type of integral control that is used to meet two objectives for a power system:

Bring the steady-state frequency error to zero after a power demand transient.
Bring the power transfer between different areas of an interconnected power system back to pre-transient values (or in other words, maximize the independence of each area of the power system in dealing with its own changes in load).

The power transfer between different areas of a system is known as "net tie-line power". The general control algorithm for LFC was developed by N. Cohn in 1971.^[1] The algorithm involves defining the term 'area control error' (ACE), which is the sum of the net tie-line power error and the product of the frequency error with a frequency bias constant. The ACE is the integrand in the general integral control equation--thus, when the ACE is reduced to zero the control algorithm has returned the frequency and tie-line power errors to zero.^[2]

References

^ Cohn, N. Control of Generation and Power Flow on Interconnected Systems. New York: Wiley. 1971
^ Glover, Duncan J. et al. Power System Analysis and Design. 5th Edition. Cengage Learning. 2012. pp. 663-664.

[1] Cohn, N. Control of Generation and Power Flow on Interconnected Systems. New York: Wiley. 1971

[2] Glover, Duncan J. et al. Power System Analysis and Design. 5th Edition. Cengage Learning. 2012. pp. 663-664.

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