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Sex Tourism in Thailand
[edit]Sex tourism is an important attraction in several developing countries, and it depends not only on economic factors, but also on the intertwining of sociocultural and political elements that shapes the composition of supply and demand in this field.[1] Sex tourism is reinforced by the reenactment of heteronormative, colonial and patriarchal mechanisms, even if it is not exclusive to female sex workers,[2] and it is based on the on the capitalistic process of commoditization of sexual services.[3]
The origins of Thai sex tourism industry dates to the 1970s, and results from the presence of US military bases during the Vietnam War and a crop price crisis that occurred in Thailand during the 1980s.[4] Because of this, women lost their traditional roles, therefore they tended to migrate to cities to survive, but with limited job opportunities.[5] This union of demand and supply accounts for roughly 50% of the growth of the number of Thai sex workers in 1990.[6] During the 1960s, 50,000 American soldiers were deployed near Bangkok, and this led to a transformation in commercial sex;[7] it was common for American troops to go to brothels surrounding US bases (a practice called “Dogpatch”), during the Rest and Recreation (or I & I, Intercourse and Intoxication) leave, buying souvenirs and prostitutes [8]: the presence of US soldiers let Thailand gain its global reputation as a sex tourism destination.[9]
Prostitution was legal in Thailand between 1905-1960,[10] but the situation changed with the Anti-prostitution Act that criminalized the profession, punishing the procurer less than the sex worker.[11] As the Act was contrary to the interests of American troops during the Vietnam War, the Entertainment Places Act was enacted in 1966, creating a legal climate under which it was possible to open businesses that mediated commercial sex, but sex work remained illegal for the prostitute. The Tourism Authority of Thailand administrative power united sex tourism by allowing recreational tourists from high-income economies to buy the sexual services without fear of criminal persecution.[12]
The economic importance of sex tourism in Thailand has altered political forces to guarantee government officials and local entrepreneurs profits: [13] the World Bank encouraged Thailand to develop mass tourism to aid its economy after the Vietnam War, and the industry evolved to cater to individual male tourists seeking sexual services. This policy together with other historical, religious and cultural factors, linked Thailand's economy to a growing sex tourism infrastructure.[14]
References
[edit]- ^ Leheny, David (1995). "A Political economy of Asian sex tourism". Annals of Tourism Research. 22 (2): 367–368. doi:10.1016/0160-7383(94)00082-4.
- ^ Leheny, David (1995). "A Political economy of Asian sex tourism". Annals of Tourism Research. 22 (2): 367–368. doi:10.1016/0160-7383(94)00082-4.
- ^ Thanh-Dam, Truong (1983). "The Dynamics of Sex Tourism: The Case of Southeast Asia". Development and Change. 14: 533–553. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1983.tb00165.x.
- ^ Brodeur, Abel; Lekfuangfu, Warn N.; Zylberberg, Yanos (2017). War, Migration and the Origins of the Thai Sex Industry (Report). Working Papers. University of Ottawa, Department of Economics. pp. 1540–1541.
- ^ Thanh-Dam, Truong (1983). "The Dynamics of Sex Tourism: The Case of Southeast Asia". Development and Change. 14: 543. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1983.tb00165.x.
- ^ Brodeur, Abel; Lekfuangfu, Warn N.; Zylberberg, Yanos (2017). War, Migration and the Origins of the Thai Sex Industry (Report). Working Papers. University of Ottawa, Department of Economics. p. 1541.
- ^ Kelley, Kristen (2015). Patriarchy, Empire, and Ping Pong Shows: The Political Economy of Sex Tourism in Thailand (Thesis). Columbia College Chicago. pp. 6–7.
- ^ Bishop, Ryan; Robinson, Lillian S. (1999). "In the Night Market: Tourism, Sex, and Commerce in Contemporary Thailand". Women’s Studies Quarterly. 27 (1–2): 34. JSTOR 40003396.
- ^ Kelley, Kristen (2015). Patriarchy, Empire, and Ping Pong Shows: The Political Economy of Sex Tourism in Thailand (Thesis). Columbia College Chicago. p. 5.
- ^ Kelley, Kristen (2015). Patriarchy, Empire, and Ping Pong Shows: The Political Economy of Sex Tourism in Thailand (Thesis). Columbia College Chicago. p. 28.
- ^ Kelley, Kristen (2015). Patriarchy, Empire, and Ping Pong Shows: The Political Economy of Sex Tourism in Thailand (Undergraduate capstone paper). Columbia College Chicago. p. 30. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
- ^ Kelley, Kristen (2015). Patriarchy, Empire, and Ping Pong Shows: The Political Economy of Sex Tourism in Thailand (Thesis). Columbia College Chicago. p. 32.
- ^ Leheny, David (1995). "A Political Economy of Asian Sex Tourism". Annals of Tourism Research. 22 (2): 376. doi:10.1016/0160-7383(94)00082-4.
- ^ Bishop, Ryan; Robinson, Lillian S. (1999). "In the Night Market: Tourism, Sex, and Commerce in Contemporary Thailand". Women’s Studies Quarterly. 27 (1–2): 35. JSTOR 40003396.