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crystal structure test
[edit]
hydrogen test
[edit] Purple glow in hydrogen's plasma state | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hydrogen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Colorless gas | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Standard atomic weight Ar°(H) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hydrogen in the periodic table | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic number (Z) | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Group | group 1: hydrogen and alkali metals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Period | period 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Block | s-block | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electron configuration | 1s1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrons per shell | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phase at STP | gas | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point | (H2) 13.99 K (−259.16 °C, −434.49 °F) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boiling point | (H2) 20.271 K (−252.879 °C, −423.182 °F) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Density (at STP) | 0.08988 g/L | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| when liquid (at m.p.) | 0.07 g/cm3 (solid: 0.0763 g/cm3)[3] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| when liquid (at b.p.) | 0.07099 g/cm3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triple point | 13.8033 K, 7.041 kPa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Critical point | 32.938 K, 1.2858 MPa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of fusion | (H2) 0.117 kJ/mol | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of vaporization | (H2) 0.904 kJ/mol | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Molar heat capacity | (H2) 28.836 J/(mol·K) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oxidation states | common: −1, +1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ionization energies |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Covalent radius | 31±5 pm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Van der Waals radius | 120 pm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
_NIST_ASD_emission_spectrum.png?lang=en) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural occurrence | primordial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crystal structure | hexagonal (hP4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lattice constants | c = 618.31 pm (at triple point)[4] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thermal conductivity | 0.1805 W/(m⋅K) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic[5] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | −3.98×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[6] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Speed of sound | 1310 m/s (gas, 27 °C) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAS Number | 12385-13-6 1333-74-0 (H2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| History | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discovery | Henry Cavendish[7][8] (1766) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Named by | Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau Antoine Lavoisier[9][10] (1787) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Isotopes of hydrogen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Abundance of deuterium is highly variable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
references
[edit]References
- ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Hydrogen". CIAAW. 2009.
- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
- ^ Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils; Holleman, Arnold Frederick (2001). Inorganic chemistry. Academic Press. p. 240. ISBN 978-0123526519.
- ^ Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
- ^ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0486-6.
- ^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 978-0-8493-0464-4.
- ^ "Hydrogen". Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Wylie-Interscience. 2005. pp. 797–799. ISBN 978-0-471-61525-5.
- ^ Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 183–191. ISBN 978-0-19-850341-5.
- ^ Miśkowiec, Paweł (April 2023). "Name game: The naming history of the chemical elements—part 1—from antiquity till the end of 18th century". Foundations of Chemistry. 25 (1): 29–51. doi:10.1007/s10698-022-09448-5.
- ^ Stwertka, Albert (1996). A Guide to the Elements. Oxford University Press. pp. 16–21. ISBN 978-0-19-508083-4.
- ^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.