Talk:List of possible dwarf planets

Archived discussion of the table: Talk:List of possible dwarf planets/Template talk

SQL source for updating the main table

/*    set tabs=4

-- What this is:
	This sets up a possible-dwarf-planet database on a Microsoft SQL Server Express instance
	(freely available download from Microsoft).
	You'll probably need at least a little familiarity with running SQL scripts.
	It will create a database and install a bunch of procs, etc., to semi-automatically maintain and generate
	a Wikipedia table of possible dwarf planets.

-- Set up:
	Set up a server instance on your own.  I don't remember exactly how, but I was able to muddle through
	it with no database admin expertise, so you can, too.
	Once you've got a server instance, create a database on it (ditto), then run this script in a query window attached to that database.

-- Filling up the database:
	Go to the MPC tables of TNOs -- see Wiki_Table_References at the end of this script for the exact URL.
	Select and copy all of the table contents (not headers).
	In a SQL query window containing the following
		exec Import_MPC '
		< paste table here >
		'
	paste the table between the quotes (as shown) and run the query.
	The MPC has two such tables, for TNOs and Scattered/Centaurs, so do this for each.
	Then go to Mike Brown's dwarf planet list page (also in the references), and do a similar thing, only using the following:
		exec Import_Brown '
		< paste table here >
		'
	You now have a nice database of TNOs and friends, but it is still missing some data.
	In a fresh query window, run:
		exec Add_IAU_Dwarfs      -- to add Ceres and tag the IAU-recognised DPs
		exec Add_Tancredi_Dwarfs -- to add Tancredi's recommendations (as of his 2010 paper)
		exec Add_Physicals       -- to add well-measured physical parameters (from Wikipedia)
	Now you have a good starting database.
	Note: The year/dates in the above may have changed since this comment was last updated.
	You can manually add objects with
		exec Upsert_Dwarf <see parameter list below>
	Similarly, see below (e.g.)
		exec Add_IAU @name='MyTNO', @iau=1
		exec Add_Phys @name='MyTNO, @diameter=876, @diam_hi=10, @diam_lo=8, @mass=700, @h=3.1   -- all but @name can be omitted (or null)
		exec Add_Tancredi @name='MyTNO', @result='accepted'
		exec Add_Category @name='MyTNO', @category='cubewano'
	to manually fill in various data not from the MPC/Brown tables.

-- Generating the Wikipedia table (and friends):
	There are two main elements of the table: the table itself (which includes its notes),
	and the references used by the table (to insert in the page's references section).
		exec Wiki_Brown_Legend    <---- this is now obsolete; it's being handled manually since it's a small table
		exec Wiki_Table @min_diam=300, @auto_cat=1
		exec Wiki_Table_References
	In Wiki_Table, the @min_diam specifies the minimum diameter to include in the table.
	All objects of at least that size (for best estimate, or Brown's) will be included in the output.
	@auto_cat=1 tells it to guess the dynamical category (based on MPC's orbital parameters), if there isn't an explicit category.
	Set @auto_cat=0 if you don't want guesses.
	You paste the output from the SQL Messages window into the Wikipedia page editor.

-- Caveats:
	Some of the names in the MPC tables might contain single quotes ': they should be deleted or changed to two consecutive single quotes ''
		(syntax highlighting should make it fairly clear where this is required).
	I gave Ceres a licence plate of 1801 AA, and Pluto 1930 DA.
*/


if not exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'dwarf' ) begin
	create table dwarf (
		lp				nvarchar(50) primary key, -- licence plate # (provisional mpc discovery designation)
		mpn				int null, -- minor planet number
		name			nvarchar(50) null,
		iau				bit not null default 0,
		-- orbital elements
		semi_major		float null, -- a, AU
		perihelion		float null, -- q, AU
		aphelion		float null, -- Q, AU
		eccentricity	float null, -- e
		inclination		float null, -- i
		longitude		float null, -- longitude of ascending node
		arg_perihelion	float null, -- argument of perihelion
		mean_anomaly	float null, -- M
		epoch			nvarchar(8) null, -- yyyymmdd
		category		nvarchar(200) null, -- plutino, cubewano, ...; 200 to include wiki-links
		-- well-determined physical properties
		abs_magnitude	float not null default 100, -- H (from MPC)
		abs_mag_other	float null, -- H (from other source)
		diam_measured	float null, -- km
		diam_meas_hi	float null, -- km, error bar plus
		diam_meas_lo	float null, -- km, error bar minus
		mass			float null, -- Zg
		-- figures as used by Brown
		diam_brown		float null, -- km
		albedo_brown	float null, -- %
		magnitude_brown	float null, -- H
		likely_brown	nvarchar(200) null, -- his assessment of how likely it is to be a dwarf
		how_brown		nvarchar(200) null, -- how he determined his diameter
		-- Tancredi's recommendation
		tancredi		nvarchar(50) null,
	)
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'String_Split' )
	drop function String_Split
go
create function String_Split ( @string nvarchar(max), @separator char )
	returns @table table (String nvarchar(max) not NULL)
as
begin
    declare @current nvarchar(max), @sepix int

    while len(@string) > 0 begin
        set @sepix = charindex( @separator, @string )
        if @sepix > 0
            set @current = substring( @string, 0, @sepix )
        else
            set @current = @string

        insert @table (String) values (ltrim(rtrim(@current)))

        if @sepix > 0 begin
            set @string = substring( @string, @sepix + 1, len(@string) - len(@current) )
            if len(@string) = 0 -- last char was a sep
				insert @table (String) values ('')
        end
        else begin
            set @string = ''
		end
    end
    return
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'To_Float' )
	drop procedure To_Float
go
create procedure To_Float
	@s nvarchar(50),
	@f float out
as begin
	set nocount on
	begin try
		set @f = @s
	end try begin catch
		set @f = null
	end catch
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Import_MPC' )
	drop procedure Import_MPC
go
create procedure Import_MPC
	@page nvarchar(max)
as begin
	set nocount on
	declare @line nvarchar(max), @i int, @s nvarchar(50), @name nvarchar(200), @mpn int
	declare @desg nvarchar(200), @lp nvarchar(50), @qp float, @qa float, @h float, @epoch nvarchar(50), @m float, @peri float,
			@node float, @incl float, @ecc float, @semi float, @opps nvarchar(50), @ref nvarchar(50), @who nvarchar(200)

	-- for each line
	declare c cursor local fast_forward for
		select String from dbo.String_Split( @page, nchar(10)/*lf*/ )
	open c while 1=1 begin
		fetch c into @line
		if @@fetch_status <> 0 begin close c deallocate c break end
		set @line = replace(@line,nchar(13)/*cr*/,'')
		if len(@line) < 1 continue
		-- gather columns
		select @i = 0, @h = null
		declare d cursor local fast_forward for
			select rtrim(ltrim(String)) from dbo.String_Split( @line, nchar(9)/*tab*/ )
		open d while 1=1 begin
			fetch d into @s
			if @@fetch_status <> 0 or @i > 14 begin close d deallocate d break end
			if      @i =  0  set @desg  = @s
			else if @i =  1  set @lp    = @s
			else if @i =  2  set @qp    = @s
			else if @i =  3  set @qa    = @s
			else if @i =  4 and len(@s) > 0 exec To_Float @s, @h out
			else if @i =  5  set @epoch = @s
			else if @i =  6  set @m     = @s
			else if @i =  7  set @peri  = @s
			else if @i =  8  set @node  = @s
			else if @i =  9  set @incl  = @s
			else if @i = 10  set @ecc   = @s
			else if @i = 11  set @semi  = @s
			else if @i = 12  set @opps  = @s
			else if @i = 13  set @ref   = @s
			else if @i = 14  set @who   = @s
			set @i += 1
		end
		-- skip entry if there's no H
		if @h is null continue
		if len(ltrim(isnull(@h,''))) <= 0 continue
		-- extract mpn/name from desg
		select @mpn = null, @name = null
		if len(@desg) > 0 begin
			set @i = charindex( ' ', @desg )
			if @i > 0 begin
				set @name = substring( @desg, @i+1, len(@desg) )
				set @desg = left( @desg, @i )
			end
			set @i = charindex( ')', @desg )
			set @mpn = cast( substring( @desg, 2, @i-2 ) as int )
		end
		if @name = 'pluto' set @lp = '1930 DA'
		-- upsert dwarf row
		update dwarf set
			mpn = @mpn, name = @name, abs_magnitude = @h,
			semi_major = @semi, perihelion = @qp, aphelion = @qa, eccentricity = @ecc, inclination = @incl,
			longitude = @node, arg_perihelion = @peri, mean_anomaly = @m, epoch = @epoch
		where lp = @lp
		if @@rowcount <= 0 begin
			insert dwarf (lp,mpn,name,abs_magnitude,semi_major,perihelion,aphelion,eccentricity,inclination,
							longitude,arg_perihelion,mean_anomaly,epoch)
			values (@lp,@mpn,@name,@h,@semi,@qp,@qa,@ecc,@incl,@node,@peri,@m,@epoch)
		end
	end
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Import_Brown' )
	drop procedure Import_Brown
go
create procedure Import_Brown
	@page nvarchar(max)
as begin
	set nocount on
	declare @line nvarchar(max), @i int, @s nvarchar(50)
	declare @n int, @name nvarchar(50), @diam float, @albedo int, @mag float, @how nvarchar(50), @likely nvarchar(50)

	-- for each line
	declare c cursor local fast_forward for
		select String from dbo.String_Split( @page, nchar(10)/*lf*/ )
	open c while 1=1 begin
		fetch c into @line
		if @@fetch_status <> 0 begin close c deallocate c break end
		set @line = replace(@line,nchar(13)/*cr*/,'')
		if len(@line) < 1 continue
		-- gather columns
		set @i = 0
		declare d cursor local fast_forward for
			select rtrim(ltrim(String)) from dbo.String_Split( @line, nchar(9)/*tab*/ )
		open d while 1=1 begin
			fetch d into @s
			if @@fetch_status <> 0 or @i > 6 begin close d deallocate d break end
			if      @i = 0  set @n      = @s
			else if @i = 1  set @name   = @s
			else if @i = 2  set @diam   = @s
			else if @i = 3  set @albedo = @s
			else if @i = 4  set @mag    = @s
			else if @i = 5  set @how    = @s
			else if @i = 6  set @likely = @s
			set @i += 1
		end
		-- break LPs from 2000XX111 to 2000 XX111
		if @name like '[12]%'
			set @name = cast( substring( @name, 1, 4 ) as nvarchar ) + ' ' + cast( substring( @name, 5, 10 ) as nvarchar )
		-- update dwarf row
		update dwarf set
			diam_brown = @diam,
			albedo_brown = @albedo,
			magnitude_brown = @mag,
			how_brown = @how,
			likely_brown = @likely
		where lp = @name or name = @name or cast(mpn as nvarchar) = @name
	end
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Upsert_Dwarf' )
	drop procedure Upsert_Dwarf
go
create procedure Upsert_Dwarf
	@mpn int = null,
	@name nvarchar(50) = null,
	@lp nvarchar(50),
	@H float,
	@qp float = null,
	@qa float = null,
	@a float = null,
	@i float = null,
	@e float = null,
	@node float = null,
	@peri float = null,
	@M float = null,
	@epoch nvarchar(8) = null,
	@diameter float = null,
	@mass float = null,
	@category nvarchar(200) = null
as begin
	set nocount on
	if exists( select 1 from dwarf where lp = @lp )
		update dwarf set
			mpn            = isnull( @mpn, mpn ),
			name           = isnull( @name, name ),
			abs_magnitude  = isnull( @H, abs_magnitude ),
			semi_major     = isnull( @a, semi_major ),
			perihelion     = isnull( @qp, perihelion ),
			aphelion       = isnull( @qa, aphelion ),
			eccentricity   = isnull( @e, eccentricity ),
			inclination    = isnull( @i, inclination ),
			longitude      = isnull( @node, longitude ),
			arg_perihelion = isnull( @peri, arg_perihelion ),
			mean_anomaly   = isnull( @M, mean_anomaly ),
			epoch          = isnull( @epoch, epoch ),
			diam_measured  = isnull( @diameter, diam_measured ),
			mass           = isnull( @mass, mass ),
			category       = isnull( @category, category )
		where lp = @lp
	else
		insert dwarf (lp,mpn,name,abs_magnitude,semi_major,perihelion,aphelion,eccentricity,inclination,
						longitude,arg_perihelion,mean_anomaly,epoch,diam_measured,mass,category)
		values (@lp,@mpn,@name,@H,@a,@qp,@qa,@e,@i,@node,@peri,@M,@epoch,@diameter,@mass,@category)
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Add_Tancredi' )
	drop procedure Add_Tancredi
go
create procedure Add_Tancredi
	@name nvarchar(50),
	@result nvarchar(50)
as begin
	set nocount on
	update dwarf set tancredi = @result where lp = @name or name = @name or cast(mpn as nvarchar) = @name
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Add_Tancredi_Dwarfs' )
	drop procedure Add_Tancredi_Dwarfs
go
create procedure Add_Tancredi_Dwarfs
as begin
	set nocount on
	-- Tancredi's algorithmic determination as of 2010
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Eris','accepted (measured)'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Pluto','accepted (measured)'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Makemake','accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Haumea','accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Sedna','accepted (and recommended)'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Orcus','accepted (and recommended)'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Quaoar','accepted (and recommended)'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2002 TX300','accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2002 AW197','accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2003 AZ84','accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Ixion','accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Varuna','accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2004 GV9','accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Huya','accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi '1996 TL66','accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Varda','possible'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2005 RN43','possible'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2005 RR43','possible'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2003 OP32','possible'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2001 UR163','possible'
	exec Add_Tancredi 'Salacia','possible'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2005 RM43','possible'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2004 UX10','possible'
	exec Add_Tancredi '1999 DE9','possible'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2003 VS2','not accepted'
	exec Add_Tancredi '2004 TY364','not accepted'
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Add_IAU' )
	drop procedure Add_IAU
go
create procedure Add_IAU
	@name nvarchar(50),
	@iau bit
as begin
	set nocount on
	update dwarf set iau = @iau where lp = @name or name = @name or cast(mpn as nvarchar) = @name
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Add_IAU_Dwarfs' )
	drop procedure Add_IAU_Dwarfs
go
create procedure Add_IAU_Dwarfs
as begin
	set nocount on
	-- the IAU recognised dwarf planets (as of 2019)
	exec Upsert_Dwarf
			@mpn = 1, @name = 'Ceres', @lp = '1801 AA', @category = '[[asteroid belt]]',
			@H = 3.3, @diameter = 946, @mass = 939,
			@qp = 2.6, @qa = 3.0, @a = 2.8, @i = 10.6, @e = 0.076,
			@node = 80.3, @peri = 72.5, @M = 96, @epoch = 20141209
	exec Add_IAU 'eris', 1
	exec Add_IAU 'pluto', 1
	exec Add_IAU 'makemake', 1
	exec Add_IAU 'haumea', 1
	exec Add_IAU 'ceres', 1
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Add_Phys' )
	drop procedure Add_Phys
go
create procedure Add_Phys
	@name nvarchar(50),
	@diameter float = null,
	@diam_hi float = null,
	@diam_lo float = null,
	@mass float = null,
	@h float = null
as begin
	set nocount on
	update dwarf set
		diam_measured = isnull(@diameter,diam_measured),
		diam_meas_hi = isnull(@diam_hi,diam_meas_hi),
		diam_meas_lo = isnull(@diam_lo,diam_meas_lo),
		mass = isnull(@mass,mass),
		abs_mag_other = isnull(@h,abs_mag_other)
	where lp = @name or name = @name or cast(mpn as nvarchar) = @name
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Add_Physicals' )
	drop procedure Add_Physicals
go
create procedure Add_Physicals
as begin
	set nocount on
	-- the "measured" mass and diameter of this date
	-- generally, the most recent result from a published scientific paper
	-- as of 2018-10
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Pluto',      @diameter=2376, @diam_hi=3.2, @mass=13030, @h=-0.76
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Eris',       @diameter=2326, @diam_hi=12, @mass=16600
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Haumea',     @diameter=1632, @diam_hi=51, @mass=4006
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Makemake',   @diameter=1430, @diam_hi=14, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2007 OR10',  @diameter=1230, @diam_hi=50, @mass=1750
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Quaoar',     @diameter=1110, @diam_hi=5, @mass=1400, @h=2.82
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Sedna',      @diameter=995, @diam_hi=80, @mass=null, @h=1.83
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Ceres',      @diameter=946, @diam_hi=2, @mass=939, @h=3.36
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2002 MS4',   @diameter=934, @diam_hi=47, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Orcus',      @diameter=910, @diam_hi=50, @diam_lo=40, @mass=641, @h=2.31
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Salacia',    @diameter=854, @diam_hi=45, @mass=438, @h=4.25
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2002 AW197', @diameter=768, @diam_hi=39, @diam_lo=38, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2013 FY27',  @diameter=740, @diam_hi=90, @diam_lo=85, @mass=null, @h=3.15
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2003 AZ84',  @diameter=727, @diam_hi=62, @diam_lo=67, @mass=null, @h=3.74
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Varda',      @diameter=717, @diam_hi=5, @mass=266, @h=3.61
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2004 GV9',   @diameter=680, @diam_hi=34, @mass=null, @h=4.25
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2005 RN43',  @diameter=679, @diam_hi=55, @diam_lo=73, @mass=null, @h=3.89
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Varuna',     @diameter=668, @diam_hi=154, @diam_lo=86, @mass=null, @h=3.76
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2002 UX25',  @diameter=665, @diam_hi=29, @mass=125, @h=3.87
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2014 UZ224', @diameter=635, @diam_hi=65, @diam_lo=72, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Ixion',      @diameter=617, @diam_hi=19, @diam_lo=20, @mass=null, @h=3.83
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2007 UK126', @diameter=632, @diam_hi=34, @diam_lo=34, @mass=136, @h=3.7
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Chaos',      @diameter=600, @diam_hi=140, @diam_lo=130, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2002 TC302', @diameter=584, @diam_hi=106, @diam_lo=88, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2002 XV93',  @diameter=549, @diam_hi=22, @diam_lo=23, @mass=null, @h=5.42
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2003 VS2',   @diameter=523, @diam_hi=35, @diam_lo=34, @mass=null, @h=4.1
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2004 TY364', @diameter=512, @diam_hi=37, @diam_lo=40, @mass=null, @h=4.52
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2005 UQ513', @diameter=498, @diam_hi=63, @diam_lo=75, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2010 EK139', @diameter=470, @diam_hi=35, @diam_lo=10, @mass=null, @h=3.8
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2005 TB190', @diameter=464, @diam_hi=62, @mass=null, @h=4.4
	exec Add_Phys  @name='1999 DE9',   @diameter=461, @diam_hi=45, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2003 FY128', @diameter=460, @diam_hi=21, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2002 VR128', @diameter=449, @diam_hi=42, @diam_lo=43, @mass=null, @h=5.58
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2002 KX14',  @diameter=445, @diam_hi=27, @mass=null, @h=4.86
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2004 NT33',  @diameter=423, @diam_hi=87, @diam_lo=80, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2005 QU182', @diameter=416, @diam_hi=73, @mass=null, @h=3.8
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2001 QF298', @diameter=408, @diam_hi=40, @diam_lo=45, @mass=null, @h=5.43
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Huya',       @diameter=406, @diam_hi=16, @mass=null, @h=5.04
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2004 PF115', @diameter=406, @diam_hi=98, @diam_lo=75, @mass=null, @h=4.54
	exec Add_Phys  @name='1998 SN165', @diameter=393, @diam_hi=39, @diam_lo=38, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2004 UX10',  @diameter=361, @diam_hi=124, @diam_lo=94, @mass=null, @h=4.75
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2001 YH140', @diameter=345, @diam_hi=45, @mass=null, @h=5.8
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2004 XA192', @diameter=339, @diam_hi=120, @diam_lo=95, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='1996 TL66',  @diameter=339, @diam_hi=20, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2001 FP185', @diameter=332, @diam_hi=31, @diam_lo=24, @mass=null, @h=6.38
	exec Add_Phys  @name='2002 TX300', @diameter=286, @diam_hi=10, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='1999 TC36',  @diameter=272, @diam_hi=17, @diam_lo=19, @mass=7, @h=5.41
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Sila-Nunam', @diameter=250, @mass=null
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Chariklo',   @diameter=248, @diam_hi=18, @mass=null, @h=7.40
	exec Add_Phys  @name='Chiron',     @diameter=218, @diam_hi=20, @mass=null, @h=5.92
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Add_Category' )
	drop procedure Add_Category
go
create procedure Add_Category
	@name nvarchar(50),
	@category nvarchar(200)
as begin
	set nocount on
	update dwarf set category = @category where lp = @name or name = @name or cast(mpn as nvarchar) = @name
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Add_Categories' )
	drop procedure Add_Categories
go
create procedure Add_Categories
as begin
	set nocount on
	-- if a category is not set, one will be output from Guess_Category (below)
	exec Add_Category  @name='Eris', @category='[[Scattered disc|SDO]]'
	exec Add_Category  @name='Pluto', @category='[[Plutino|2:3 resonant]]'
	exec Add_Category  @name='Makemake', @category='[[cubewano]]'
	exec Add_Category  @name='Sedna', @category='[[Detached object|detached]]'
	exec Add_Category  @name='Ceres', @category='[[asteroid belt]]'
	exec Add_Category  @name='2004 GV9', @category='[[Resonant trans-Neptunian object#3:5 resonance .28period .7E275 years.29|3:5 resonant]]'
	exec Add_Category  @name='2004 XA192', @category='[[Resonant trans-Neptunian object#1:2 resonance .28.22twotinos.22.2C period .7E330 years.29|1:2 resonant]]'
	exec Add_Category  @name='2002 TC302', @category='[[Resonant trans-Neptunian object#2:5 resonance .28period .7E410 years.29|2:5 resonant]]'
	exec Add_Category  @name='1999 CD158', @category='[[Resonant trans-Neptunian object#4:7 resonance .28period .7E290 years.29|4:7 resonant]]'
	exec Add_Category  @name='2002 KX14', @category='cubewano'
	exec Add_Category  @name='2010 KZ39', @category='detached'
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Import_Wiki' )
	drop procedure Import_Wiki
go
create procedure Import_Wiki
	@page nvarchar(max)
as begin
	set nocount on
	declare @line nvarchar(max), @i int, @s nvarchar(50)
	declare @name nvarchar(200), @bh float, @bdiam float, @balb float, @mh float, @mdiam float, @malb float, @mmass float,
			@adiams float, @adiaml float, @tan nvarchar(200), @cat nvarchar(200), @rdiam float

	-- for each line
	declare c cursor local fast_forward for
		select String from dbo.String_Split( @page, nchar(10)/*lf*/ )
	open c while 1=1 begin
		fetch c into @line
		if @@fetch_status <> 0 begin close c deallocate c break end
		set @line = replace(@line,nchar(13)/*cr*/,'')
		if len(@line) < 1 continue
		-- gather columns
		set @i = 0
		declare d cursor local fast_forward for
			select rtrim(ltrim(String)) from dbo.String_Split( @line, nchar(9)/*tab*/ )
		open d while 1=1 begin
			fetch d into @s
			if @@fetch_status <> 0 or @i > 12 begin close d deallocate d break end
			if len(@s) <= 0 set @s = null
			if      @i =  0  set @name = @s
			else if @i =  1  exec To_Float @s, @bh out
			else if @i =  2  exec To_Float @s, @bdiam out
			else if @i =  3  exec To_Float @s, @balb out
			else if @i =  4  exec To_Float @s, @mmass out
			else if @i =  5  exec To_Float @s, @mh out
			else if @i =  6  exec To_Float @s, @mdiam out
			else if @i =  7  exec To_Float @s, @malb out
			else if @i =  8  exec To_Float @s, @adiams out
			else if @i =  9  exec To_Float @s, @adiaml out
			else if @i = 10  set @tan = @s
			else if @i = 11  set @cat = @s
			else if @i = 12  exec To_Float @s, @rdiam out
			set @i += 1
		end
		-- extract name/lp
		if @name like '(%' begin
			set @i = charindex( @name, ' ' )
			set @name = substring( @name, @i+1, 200 )
		end
		-- update dwarf row
		update dwarf set
			diam_measured = isnull(@mdiam,diam_measured),
			mass = isnull(@mmass,mass),
			category = isnull(category,@cat)
		where lp = @name or name = @name
	end
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Brown_Likely' )
	drop function Brown_Likely
go
create function Brown_Likely ( @diam float )
	returns int
as begin
	return case
		when @diam >= 900 then 1
		when @diam >= 600 then 2
		when @diam >= 500 then 3
		when @diam >= 400 then 4
		when @diam >= 200 then 5
		when @diam > 0 then 6
		else 0
	end
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Dwarf_Info' )
	drop view Dwarf_Info
go
create view Dwarf_Info
as
	select
		lp, mpn, name, iau,
		-- orbital elements
		semi_major, perihelion, aphelion, eccentricity, inclination,
		longitude, arg_perihelion, mean_anomaly, epoch, category,
		-- well-determined physical properties
		abs_magnitude, diam_measured, diam_meas_hi, diam_meas_lo, mass, albedo_measured,
		-- figures as used by Brown
		diam_brown, albedo_brown, magnitude_brown, likely_brown, how_brown,
		dbo.Brown_Likely( diam_brown ) as n_likely_brown,
		-- Tancredi's recommendation
		tancredi,
		-- albedo estimated diameters
		diam_typical, diam_min, diam_big,
		isnull(diam_measured,isnull(diam_brown,diam_typical)) as diam_rank
	from (
		select
			lp, mpn, name, iau,
			-- orbital elements
			semi_major, perihelion, aphelion, eccentricity, inclination,
			longitude, arg_perihelion, mean_anomaly, epoch, category,
			-- well-determined physical properties
			isnull(abs_mag_other,abs_magnitude) as abs_magnitude, diam_measured, diam_meas_hi, diam_meas_lo, mass,
			case when diam_measured is null then null
				else round( 100 * square( 1329 * power( cast(10 as float), -isnull(abs_mag_other,abs_magnitude)/5 ) / diam_measured ), 0 )
			end as albedo_measured,
			-- figures as used by Brown
			diam_brown, albedo_brown, magnitude_brown, likely_brown, how_brown,
			-- Tancredi's recommendation
			tancredi,
			-- albedo estimated diameters
			round( 1329 * power( cast(10 as float), -isnull(abs_mag_other,abs_magnitude)/5 ) / sqrt(0.09), 0 ) as diam_typical,
			round( 1329 * power( cast(10 as float), -isnull(abs_mag_other,abs_magnitude)/5 ) / sqrt(1.00), 0 ) as diam_min,
			round( 1329 * power( cast(10 as float), -isnull(abs_mag_other,abs_magnitude)/5 ) / sqrt(0.04), 0 ) as diam_big
		from dwarf
	)_
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Brown_Colour' )
	drop function Brown_Colour
go
create function Brown_Colour ( @likely int, @how nvarchar(200) )
	returns nvarchar(50)
as begin
	declare @text nvarchar(50), @bg nvarchar(50)
	if @how like '%estimate%'
		set @text = 'color:#800;'
	else
		set @text = ''
	return case
		when @likely = 1 then 'style="background: #e0e0ff;'+@text+'"'
		when @likely = 2 then 'style="background: #e0ffff;'+@text+'"'
		when @likely = 3 then 'style="background: #d0ffd0;'+@text+'"'
		when @likely = 4 then 'style="background: #ffffd0;'+@text+'"'
		when @likely = 5 then 'style="background: #ffe0c0;'+@text+'"'
		when @likely = 6 then 'style="background: #ffe0e0;'+@text+'"'
		else ''
	end
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Guess_Category' )
	drop function Guess_Category
go
create function Guess_Category ( @lp nvarchar(50) )
	returns nvarchar(50)
as begin
	declare @cat nvarchar(50), @a float, @e float, @q float

	select @a = semi_major, @e = eccentricity, @q = perihelion from dwarf where lp = @lp

	if @a is null return null

	if @a between 2 and 4 return 'main belt'
	if @a < 5.04 return 'asteroid'
	if @a between 5.04 and 5.36 return 'jupiter trojan'
	if @a between 29.9 and 30.4 return 'neptune trojan'
	if @a between 5    and 31   return 'centaur'
	if @a between 38   and 40   return '2:3 resonant'
	if @a between 42.0 and 42.6 and @q < 40 return '3:5 resonant'
	if @a between 43.4 and 44.0 and @q < 40 return '4:7 resonant'
	if @a between 47.3 and 48.3 and @q < 40 return '1:2 resonant'
	if @a between 54.9 and 55.9 and @q < 40 return '2:5 resonant'
	if @a between 34 and 49 and @e < 0.24 return 'cubewano'
	if @q > 40 and @a > 49 return 'detached'
	if @a > 30 and @e > 0.24 return 'SDO'
	if @a > 30 return 'TNO'
	return null
end
go

/* if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'To_SortKey' )
	drop function To_SortKey
go
create function To_SortKey ( @lp nvarchar(50) )
	returns nvarchar(12)
	-- grâce à (66666) Cernunnos
as begin
	declare @year nvarchar(4), @letters nvarchar(4), @numbers nvarchar(4), @num int, @letter1 int, @letter2 int

	set @year = left(@lp,4)
	set @letters = substring(@lp,6,2)
	set @numbers = substring(@lp,8,4)

	set @num = cast( @numbers as int )
	set @numbers = right('0000' + cast(@num as nvarchar) , 4)

	set @letter1 = ascii( substring(@lp,6,1) ) - ascii('A')
	set @letter2 = ascii( substring(@lp,7,1) ) - ascii('A')

	set @letters =  right('00' + cast(@letter1 as nvarchar), 2) + right('00' + cast(@letter2 as nvarchar), 2)

	return  @year + @letters + @numbers
end
go */

if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Lp_SortKey' )
	drop function Lp_SortKey
go
create function Lp_SortKey ( @lp nvarchar(50) )
	returns nvarchar(12)
as begin
	declare @year nvarchar(6), @letters nvarchar(4), @numbers nvarchar(4), @num int, @letter1 int, @letter2 int

	set @year = '99' + left(@lp,4)
	set @letters = substring(@lp,6,2)
	set @numbers = substring(@lp,8,4)

	set @num = cast( @numbers as int )
	set @numbers = right('0000' + cast(@num as nvarchar) , 4)

	set @letter1 = ascii( substring(@lp,6,1) ) - ascii('A')
	set @letter2 = ascii( substring(@lp,7,1) ) - ascii('A')

	set @letters =  right('00' + cast(@letter1 as nvarchar), 2) + right('00' + cast(@letter2 as nvarchar), 2)

	return @year + @letters + @numbers
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Wiki_Table' )
	drop procedure Wiki_Table
go
create procedure Wiki_Table
	@min_diam float,
	@auto_cat bit = 0
as begin
	set nocount on
	declare @line nvarchar(max), @name nvarchar(200), @mpn int, @bmag float, @bdiam float, @balb float,
			@mag float, @diam float, @alb float, @mass float, @diam_min float, @diam_big float, @diam_typ float,
			@tan nvarchar(200), @cat nvarchar(200), @diam_rank float, @blike int, @lp nvarchar(20),
			@bhow nvarchar(200), @iau bit, @iau_chr nvarchar(5), @diam_hi float, @diam_lo float, @name_dsv nvarchar(20)

	-- header
	print '{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"'
	print '|-'
	print '! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="number"| [[Minor planet designation|Designation]]'
	print '! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="number"| {{small|Best{{efn|name=best_diam|group=table}}}}<br/>{{small|diameter}}<br/>{{small|[[kilometre|km]]}}'
	print '! colspan="3"| Measured'
	print '! class="unsortable"| {{small|per<br/>measured}}'
	print '! colspan="3"| Per Brown{{refn|name=brown-list}}'
	print '! colspan="2"| Diameter<br/>{{small|per assumed albedo}}'
	print '! rowspan="2"| Result<br/>per Tancredi{{refn|name=tancredi-2010}}'
	print '! rowspan="2"| Category'
	print '|-'
	print '! data-sort-type="number"| Mass{{efn|name=system_mass|group=table}}<br/>{{small|([[Orders of magnitude (mass)|10<sup>18</sup>]]&nbsp;[[kilogram|kg]])}}'
	print '! data-sort-type="number"| [[absolute magnitude|H]]'
	print '{{refn|name=mpc-tno}}{{refn|name=mpc-sdo}}'
	print '! data-sort-type="number"| Diameter<br/>{{small|([[kilometre|km]])}}'
	print '! data-sort-type="number"| Geometric<br/>albedo{{efn|name=albedo|group=table}}<br/>{{small|(%)}}'
	print '! data-sort-type="number"| [[absolute magnitude|H]]<br/>'
	print '! data-sort-type="number"| Diameter{{efn|name=brown_albedo|group=table}}<br/>{{small|([[kilometre|km]])}}'
	print '! data-sort-type="number"| [[Geometric albedo|Geometric<br/>albedo]]<br/>{{small|(%)}}'
	print '! data-sort-type="number"| Small<br/>{{small|albedo&#61;100%}}<br/>{{small|([[kilometre|km]])}}'
	print '! data-sort-type="number"| Large<br/>{{small|albedo&#61;4%}}<br/>{{small|([[kilometre|km]])}}'

	-- body
	declare c cursor local fast_forward for
		select
			lp, name, mpn, iau,
			magnitude_brown, diam_brown, albedo_brown, n_likely_brown, how_brown,
			abs_magnitude, diam_measured, diam_meas_hi, diam_meas_lo, albedo_measured, mass,
			diam_min, diam_big, diam_typical, diam_rank,
			tancredi, category
		from Dwarf_Info
		where diam_rank >= @min_diam
		order by diam_rank desc
	open c while 1=1 begin
		fetch c into @lp, @name, @mpn, @iau, @bmag, @bdiam, @balb, @blike, @bhow,
					@mag, @diam, @diam_hi, @diam_lo, @alb, @mass,
					@diam_min, @diam_big, @diam_typ, @diam_rank, @tan, @cat
		if @@fetch_status <> 0 begin close c deallocate c break end
		if @mpn > 0
			set @name_dsv = @mpn
		else
			set @name_dsv = dbo.Lp_SortKey(@lp)
		-- row start
		print '|-'
		-- name
		if @iau = 1
			set @iau_chr = ''''''''
		else
			set @iau_chr = ''
		set @line = '| style="text-align: left;" data-sort-value="' + @name_dsv + '" | ' + @iau_chr
		if @name is not null
			set @line += '{{dp|' + @name + '|' + cast(@mpn as nvarchar) + ' ' + @name + '}}'
		else if @mpn > 0
			set @line += '{{mpl|' + cast(@mpn as nvarchar) + '|' + left(@lp,7) + '|' + substring(@lp,8,4) + '}}'
		else
			set @line += '{{mpl|' + left(@lp,7) + '|' + substring(@lp,8,4) + '}}'
		set @line += @iau_chr
		-- best diam
		set @line += ' || ' + case when @diam_rank = @bdiam then 'style="color:#800" | ' + cast(@diam_rank as nvarchar)
									when @diam_rank = @diam_typ then 'style="color:#888" | ''''' + cast(@diam_rank as nvarchar) + ''''''
									else cast(@diam_rank as nvarchar) end
		-- measured mass
		set @line += ' || ' + isnull(cast(@mass as nvarchar),'')
		-- mpc H
		set @line += ' || {{val|' + cast(@mag as nvarchar) + '}}'
		-- measured diam
		set @line += ' || ' + dbo.Brown_Colour( dbo.Brown_Likely(isnull(@diam,0)), null )
					+ ' | '
						+ case when @diam is null then ''
							else '{{val|' + cast(@diam as nvarchar)
								+ case when @diam_hi is null then '' else '|'+cast(@diam_hi as nvarchar) end
								+ case when @diam_lo is null then '' else '|'+cast(@diam_lo as nvarchar) end
								+ '}}' end
		-- measured albedo
		set @line += ' || ' + isnull(cast(@alb as nvarchar),'')
		-- brown H
		if @bmag is null set @line += ' ||'
		else set @line += ' || {{val|' + cast(@bmag as nvarchar) + '}}'
		-- brown diam
		set @line += ' || ' + dbo.Brown_Colour(isnull(@blike,0),@bhow) + ' | ' + isnull(cast(@bdiam as nvarchar),'')
		-- brown albedo
		set @line += ' || ' + isnull(cast(@balb as nvarchar),'')
		-- small diam
		set @line += ' || ' + cast(@diam_min as nvarchar)
		-- big diam
		set @line += ' || ' + cast(@diam_big as nvarchar)
		-- tancredi
		set @line += ' || ' + case when @tan is null then '' else '{{small|' + isnull(@tan,'') + '}}' end
		-- category
		if @cat is null and @auto_cat = 1 set @cat = dbo.Guess_Category( @lp )
		set @line += ' || ' + isnull(@cat,'')
		print @line
	end

	-- footer
	print '|}'
	-- table notes
	print '{{notelist|group=table|refs='
	print '<ref name=albedo>'
	print 'The geometric [[Albedo#Astronomical albedo|albedo]] <math>A</math> is calculated from the measured absolute magnitude <math>H</math>'
	print 'and measured diameter <math>D</math> via the formula: <math>A =\left ( \frac{1329\times10^{-H/5}}{D} \right ) ^2</math>'
	print '</ref>'
	print '<ref name=best_diam>'
	print 'The measured diameter, else Brown''s estimated <span style="color:#800">diameter</span>, else the <span style="color:#888;font-style:italic">diameter</span> calculated from H using an assumed albedo of 9%.'
	print '</ref>'
	print '<ref name=brown_albedo>'
	print 'Diameters with the text in red indicate that Brown''s bot derived them from heuristically expected albedo.'
	print '</ref>'
	print '<ref name=system_mass>'
	print 'This is the total system mass (including moons), except for Pluto and Ceres.'
	print '</ref>'
	print '}}'
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Wiki_Brown_Legend' )
	drop procedure Wiki_Brown_Legend
go
create procedure Wiki_Brown_Legend
as begin
	set nocount on
	-- this is obsolete: the current table is handled manually
	declare @line nvarchar(max)
	print '{| class="wikitable"'
	print '! Brown''s categories'
	print '! Number of objects'
	-- numbers are for 2015-01, intended to be maintained on the page by hand
	print '|-'  set @line = '|'+ dbo.Brown_Colour(1,null) +'| near certainty || 10'  print @line
	print '|-'  set @line = '|'+ dbo.Brown_Colour(2,null) +'| highly likely || 22'   print @line
	print '|-'  set @line = '|'+ dbo.Brown_Colour(3,null) +'| likely || 44'          print @line
	print '|-'  set @line = '|'+ dbo.Brown_Colour(4,null) +'| probably || 75'        print @line
	print '|-'  set @line = '|'+ dbo.Brown_Colour(5,null) +'| possibly || 359'       print @line
	--print '|-'  set @line = '|'+ dbo.Brown_Colour(6,null) +'| probably not || 999'   print @line
	print '|-'
	print '!colspan=2 style="text-align: left; font-size: 0.92em; font-weight: normal; padding: 6px 2px 4px 4px;" |''''''Source'''''': [[Michael E. Brown|Mike Brown]], [[California Institute of Technology|Caltech]]<ref name="brown-list"/> as per January 20, 2015'
	print '|}'
end
go


if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'Wiki_Table_References' )
	drop procedure Wiki_Table_References
go
create procedure Wiki_Table_References
as begin
	set nocount on
	print '<ref name="brown-list">Mike Brown, [http://web.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dps.html ''''How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system?'''']</ref>'
	print '<ref name="tancredi-2010">{{cite journal|date=2010|title=Physical and dynamical characteristics of icy "dwarf planets" (plutoids)|journal=Icy Bodies of the Solar System: Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 263, 2009|author=Tancredi, G.|url=http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S1743921310001717}}</ref>'
	print '<ref name="mpc-tno">{{cite web|title=List Of Trans-Neptunian Objects|url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/t_tnos.html|website=Minor Planet Center}}</ref>'
	print '<ref name="mpc-sdo">{{cite web|title=List Of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects|url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/t_centaurs.html|website=Minor Planet Center}}</ref>'
	print '<ref name="johnstonsarchive-TNO-list">{{cite web|first=Wm. Robert|last=Johnston|title=List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects|url=http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnoslist.html|work=Johnston''s Archive|date=24 May 2019|accessdate=11 August 2019}}</ref>'
end
go


--******************************************************************************
-- some utils to play with
--******************************************************************************

if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'U_diam_h_albedo' )
	drop function U_diam_h_albedo
go
create function U_diam_h_albedo ( @h float, @albedo float )
	returns float
as begin
	return round( 1329 * power( cast(10 as float), -@h/5 ) / sqrt(@albedo/100.0), 0 )
end
go

if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'U_albedo_h_diam' )
	drop function U_albedo_h_diam
go
create function U_albedo_h_diam ( @h float, @diam float )
	returns float
as begin
	return round( 100 * square( 1329 * power( cast(10 as float), -@h/5 ) / @diam ), 2 )
end
go

if exists( select 1 from sys.objects where name = 'U_h_diam_albedo' )
	drop function U_h_diam_albedo
go
create function U_h_diam_albedo ( @diam float, @albedo float )
	returns float
as begin
	return round( -5.0 * log10( @diam * sqrt(@albedo/100) /1329.0 ), 2 )
end
go

Saturn's moons and HE

After re-reading the paper that suggested the Saturnian moons are not in HE, I've realized that the paper's results have been misinterpreted in this article. I'm not good at rewriting things, and I would still like the discuss this - from my interpretation of the paper (http://www.ciclops.org/media/sp/2011/6794_16344_0.pdf), I see that

Rhea - in HE.

Mimas - deviates by only small margins, but very clearly not in HE

Iapetus - very clearly not in HE.

Dione - not in HE, but this may not mean anything as they have internal oceans that can overcome HE forces

Enceladus - same as Dione.

Tethys - Close to/not inconsistent with an HE shape.

Given my re-reading of the article it seems as if Tethys may be the second smallest object in HE (behind Ceres) - certainly should be worth rewriting some things. Ardenau4 (talk) 06:55, 4 November 2020 (UTC)

Rhea is not "in" HE, but has a shape consistent with HE. That could mean that, being closer to Saturn than Iapetus, where tidal forces are stronger, it despun earlier, before it froze out. Iapetus freezing out so early suggests that Rhea is probably not in HE (though the paper does not discuss this).

If Dione has an internal ocean, then can we say anything about HE? Which "rigid-body forces" are overcome? (Or does compressing to liquid count?) And wouldn't the shape suggest it does not have an internal ocean? That the Enceladean ocean is not global?

— kwami (talk) 18:23, 4 November 2020 (UTC)

Right, but in this case did Rhea ever freeze out? Clearly the actual situation is not as clear as the article makes it out to be - it's worth a re-write, but unfortunately I'm bad at rewriting things. Again - is there even a distinction between being "in" HE (Ceres), and having an equilibrium shape (Rhea, Tethys)? Ardenau4 (talk) 02:41, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

There's not enough evidence to know if Rhea froze out or not, though it would be extraordinary if Iapetus froze out and Rhea did not. (Not that there aren't plenty of extraordinary things in the SS.)

As for "is in" being present tense, the IAU apparently means that, as apparently does Stern. Vesta was clearly once in HE, but is no longer, and since Dawn, AFAICT no-one's proposed that it's a DP. Similarly, we know that Phoebe was once in HE, but Stern doesn't count it among the satellite planets. So when the definition of a planemo says it "is" in HE, we have to conclude that we're to take that literally.

As you note, the real definition, on the geophysical side, seems to be that a DP/planet is round. That's how Stern uses it in practice, since he counts Iapetus and Mimas as satellite planets, along w a bunch of TNOs, most of which aren't even solid bodies. But no-one's admitted that in years. (Since not long after 2006, when Stern said "if it looks like a planet, it's a planet"?) So we're stuck playing stupid with fake definitions on that side.

Things aren't so bad on the IAU side, since they only said that Haumea and Makemake had to be DPs based on their understanding at the time, and so would be named by the joint committee that was set up to name DPs, and that if it turned out they were not DPs after all, they'd keep their names. So those two were announced as DPs, but it's up to practicing astronomers to determine whether they actually are, or whether any body is in HE or not. Since that's almost never a possibility, the definition is pretty much ignored except when someone wants to make headlines. — kwami (talk) 06:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Stern might not count Phoebe, but in the publication with Runyon et al. Vesta is counted as a planet. And so is Proteus. And so are non-solid TNOs like Varda. Which seems to make their real definition into simply a size-threshold at about Mimas... Double sharp (talk) 03:58, 20 August 2021 (UTC)

Runyon is so busy trying to prove he's right that he forgets that he needs to make sense. So Ceres is a rocky and metalic body that formed in the inner SS. 'Icy planets, most of which are probably dwarf planets' -- are the rest Classical planets? I agree that people should be able to use technical terms in a way that makes sense for their field (and of course they will, regardless of what the IAU says), but sounding like he can't count his toes does not make him very convincing. At least with this poster, the definition is coherent even if he ignores it -- in one of his other diatribes, even Jupiter did not qualify as a planet. — kwami (talk) 09:33, 22 August 2021 (UTC)

Even Jupiter did not qualify as a planet - That would definitely solve most of our problems. #AfD Renerpho (talk) 11:14, 22 August 2021 (UTC)

I see I accidentally linked the wrong thing by Runyon: in that poster Varda is a planet, but Vesta and Proteus are not. I meant to link to this one which includes Vesta and Proteus, sorry. Double sharp (talk) 12:08, 22 August 2021 (UTC)

Ah, yes, it's fun to try to parse that definition. If you're going to give a precise definition of a technical term, I would think that it would at least be coherent. But what would be the fun in that?

A planet ... has sufficient self-gravitation to assume a spheroidal shape adequately described by a triaxial ellipsoid regardless of its orbital parameters.

Okay, it's obvious what he means, but that's not even up to our non-GA standards. Taking "tri-axial ellipsoid" (since all ellipsoids are, by definition, tri-axial) to mean a scalene ellipsoid, like Mimas, as the phrase is typically used even in mathematical literature, a spheroid is not tri-axial. So, how exactly can a body assume a non-tri-axial shape that is "adequately" described as tri-axial? If it matches the first criterion, it fails the second, and if it matches the second, it fails the first. Ergo, planets do not exist.

His criticism of the IAU definition (apart from point 3) is just as bad. I wonder if he believes it himself.

And yeah, this was in 2017, after we'd seen Vesta up close, and AFAICT no-one counted it as a DP back then. And Proteus-Mimas were the original illustration of the likely sizes identifying HE vs non-HE bodies. So to put those in the list ... (just because they're larger than Mimas?)

I suspect the only purpose of these definitions, since Runyon et al. obviously don't pay any attention to them anyway, is to sound sufficiently sciency to impress a lay audience. In other words, they're devolving into pseudoscience. But, given that my insurance will cover ancient chiropcatic secrets that a "doctor" learned in a seance with the dead, perhaps the pseudoscience will impress the bureaucrats who decide their funding. — kwami (talk) 12:52, 22 August 2021 (UTC)

I wonder, at what mass would the shape of a blob of water in free-fall be controlled by self-gravitation? Put a film around it to keep it from boiling away, place it close enough to the Sun to keep it liquid, and we've engineered an entire planet! — kwami (talk) 13:19, 22 August 2021 (UTC)

Is there some reason why we still keep Brown's values?

He doesn't update it daily anymore (last update date was 23 Feb 2021, so eight months ago), and the values are even older than that. Eris is still 1 km larger than Pluto there, Gonggong still hasn't got its name, and 2002 MS4 is still 960 km. Also Varuna is far too large. Most of all, it's entirely based on the argument that the icy satellites of the giant planets are a good proxy for TNOs, when we now know that they are not. Because of his "200km-400km" limit, he must be considering the moons of Saturn and Uranus; but TNOs are rockier, colder, and don't get to experience tidal heating the way something like Enceladus does and probably Miranda once did. Double sharp (talk) 20:38, 24 October 2021 (UTC)

He hasn't updated it regularly for years. IMO it's now obsolete, and all it ever was, really, was a list of objects by size. I don't think the leads of any of our TNO articles should say any longer that the object might be a DP based on Brown's list, and if there weren't so many of those claims I'd remove them -- even though many of them are my work, from back when Brown's assessment was the best we had.

But Brown is one of the biggest names in the field, and it was his imagination that lead to the greatest of these discoveries. So I don't think we should completely remove him from this article. IMO we should keep him in the first table, where we have "Per IAU, Per Tancredi, Per Brown, Per Grundy" though IMO it would be a good idea to rearrange the columns so that the most recent assessment comes first. [I just did that, and also changed Grundy et al. to green checks down to Orcus, as they call them DPs even if all they really show is that they seem to be solid bodies.]

The 2nd table, though, under 'Largest candidates': I don't see why Brown's non-peer-reviewed list should be the only named authority we use there. Not any more. Once upon a time he was all we really had; now we have better sources. Not as extensive, but that's because they don't judge as many objects to be likely to be DPs. I've gone ahead and removed Brown's columns. (Should we also truncate at a larger size, or is 400km good?) Also Tancredi, because we list him in the previous table, and he's not particularly notable today either. Also the column 'Notes on shape': who were we citing for that? It's not like we actually know the shapes of many of these bodies.

But isn't someone actively maintaining that table, updating it from their own spreadsheet as Brown updates his list? If so, we should coordinate with them. — kwami (talk) 01:02, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

@Tbayboy: Per kwami above. Double sharp (talk) 15:18, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

I've started removing our old, default citations of Brown's site -- worked up from the bottom of the list to D = 650km -- but there are still old assumptions of albedos with guesstimated diameters -- like an albedo of 0.07 for a suspected Haumeid. — kwami (talk) 06:41, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

2021 presentation for MS4 with lots! of occultation cords results in 800±24km. Error bars attributed to surface features > 20km. As you noted, it could be small but dense. But its albedo is presumably too low.

2018 VG18 might be worth proofing. — kwami (talk) 08:12, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

Yes, of course Brown is important for having co-discovered so many of the large TNOs. You have to go down to Varda, 2013 FY27, and Ixion before you get discoveries he wasn't involved in. I agree that his view should be in the first table, even though it has been obsoleted by later research.

In their first paper, Grundy et al. use 400 km as the start of their "transition region" that they study. However, that might just be because it was a prominently used value in the past. They later write We speculate that 600 to 700 km diameter objects like Gǃkúnǁ'hòmdímà and 55637 could represent the upper limit to retain substantial internal pore space and that by the time an object reaches 900 km, most of its internal pore space has been lost. Brown in fact did use 600 km as one of the dividing lines for his categories, and even then gave an out that a primarily rocky object at 600 km would not necessarily round. (Well, we now know that it probably doesn't even need to be that rocky.) Since we now know that objects less than 600 km are highly unlikely to be solid bodies (and that that limit is probably too generous), and this figure has a bit of pre-Grundy history as well, I've changed the cut-off to 600 km. Otherwise, the list is dominated by objects in the 400–600 km range that are no longer serious candidates. (As for why 600 and not 700, when that lets in both the bodies they mention: I feel it's good to show their sizes, and anyway uncertainties mean some objects we list in the 600–700 km range might really be larger.)

What's the bar being used for those in bold italics in the 2nd table? The ones that are still pretty uncertain according to Grundy et al.'s criteria? If so, then I feel they should be consistent with the 1st table. Double sharp (talk) 16:49, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

@Kwamikagami: Forgot to ping you, sorry. Double sharp (talk) 18:38, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

I thought of it as a transitional category, to focus the reader on intermediate or indeterminate cases. I put Salacia in bold italics because I suspect it's still debatable. As you noted, Grundy et al. recently revised its density upward and called it "DP-sized" (it's dark, but some larger bodies are also dark, so we don't know that's critical), and it would be good to pay attention to what other sources might have to say. MS4, AW197 and FY27 could still be the size range of Salacia, and as you say are potentially more massive and more compressed and so better candidates. Not sure there's a great chance of that, but still an open question. (BTW, I think we should add a density column, even if it will be mostly empty near the bottom.) FY27 has a moon, so there's a good chance we'll know before long, but it may be that MS4 and AW197 are going to be undecidable for a long time. Though if we're lucky, we might get some solid conclusions on MS4 based on the shape determined by that incredible occultation event. Varda, Ixion and smaller bodies seem rather unlikely at this point, though of course that could always change.

I have no problem keeping this consistent with the first table, though we have less info on these. I should've at least explained what the bold and italics meant, but wasn't so sure myself. [Just added a blurb.]

Agreed, 600-km seems like a reasonable cut-off. It leaves us with a manageable list. Even if we knew they weren't DPs, I think it might be nice to keep them as the population of bodies that are likely to be partially compressed. I suspect such bodies will be more-or-less round, and still look like worlds, if not active ones apart from faults. But again, who knows!

I added 'see also Category:Possible dwarf planets' to keep the longer list handy for those who want more, but I'd imagine that will be a relatively small number of readers. — kwami (talk) 18:45, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

@Kwamikagami: Yup, agreed that there should be a density column. I added some text noting that the bold and italics are just for the uncertain large ones that are probably over the 700 km threshold. (I'd say Ixion and AZ84 are too close to it; though error bounds for FY27 are huge, the estimate is at least pretty far over it.) I do agree with your suspicion that such bodies will probably look like worlds, and also that we really don't know at this point. And also that most readers will not be too interested in going below 600 km all the way down to bodies like Dziewanna and Huya. :)

For those where we have a satellite and hence know the density, though, like Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdíma, shouldn't we note that current scientific consensus is that these actually cannot be DPs if our data is right? Maybe Varuna also given that old estimation. Double sharp (talk) 20:01, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

(Keyword "if our data is right". Apparently Varda might well be denser at 1.78±0.06 g/cm³, though other solutions are presented.) Double sharp (talk) 20:14, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

Yeah, we should be clear on that. I was being weasely because we could use a more direct source. I think it's a matter of being so obvious that ppl don't bother to state it clearly. — kwami (talk) 20:29, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

@Kwamikagami: I greyed out those rows. Also made Varda a borderline candidate again, on the grounds of that 2020 paper (although the smaller density may yet be right, still). Double sharp (talk) 20:42, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

IMO we might should restore bodies where 1-sigma crosses 600km. Several are now thought to be smaller than the high 500s we had in the table. But 2005 RM43 has occultation results of ≈644 km from 2020, and 2002 XW93 is still 565±72. 2014 AN55 and 2015 KH162 have a non-Brown guesstimate of 671, but I don't know if it's reliable enough for us to include. (Maybe no worse than several we have now, though both of them having the same estimated size is suspicious.) 2006 QH181 is 366–819 -- is that worth bothering with? Same 2010 RE64 at 350–780 -- 780km for 5% albedo, which isn't unreasonable for these bodies. 2008 ST291 and 2013 FZ27 as well, maybe. 2004 XR190 is >560 per 2020 occultation. 2007 JJ43 at 610+170−140. We have to cut off somewhere, but some of these may be notable. — kwami (talk) 21:12, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

@Kwamikagami: Makes sense, so I restored those where we have an actual value, not just a guesstimate. So not XR190 with just ">560", but indeed JJ43 has been put back. Double sharp (talk) 21:36, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

I think I might add a separate table for what the diameters would be (for different albedos) for the unmeasured bodies. Not listing each separately, though: lumping together all bodies at each 0.1 difference in magnitude. That should cover the bodies that might belong in the table without watering it down with a bunch that probably don't. — kwami (talk) 22:52, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

Thanks for that! Double sharp (talk) 08:32, 15 December 2021 (UTC)

Table, "identified by IAU"

What does "identified by IAU" mean? The table and preceding section cites the 2022–2023 annual report as evidence that IAU identifies Quaoar as a dwarf planet. The report does mention Quaoar, and calls it a dwarf planet, but that's mainly because the paper it quotes does so in its title. Should this be seen as endorsement, or is it mainly a report of what the literature is doing? Is IAU expected to not report literature that disagrees with its definition, to avoid confusion? I'd much prefer a secondary source here, rather than the interpretation of Wikipedia editors! For 2015 RR245, we seem to care just as much about what others (in this case, the AGU) are claiming about IAU, rather than what IAU itself is saying about the matter. That's not "identification by IAU", in my opinion.

I only find the column "identified by IAU" useful as a reference for the "official" dwarf planet status. Right now, it's not that. Renerpho (talk) 13:36, 11 February 2024 (UTC)

Completely agree, although I could not find Quaoar being mentioned through a CTRL-F in either the 2022 or 2023 annual IAU report. From what I can tell the claim of Quaoar's IAU recognition is completely baseless. 74.72.127.66 (talk) 02:37, 16 May 2025 (UTC)

User adding Category:Possible dwarf planets to too many TNO articles & Brown's list

Recently User:ThePurgatori been adding Category:Possible dwarf planets to an alarmingly high number of TNO articles, even those like 88611 Teharonhiawako which have diameters below 300 km, which is smaller than the smallest round moon Mimas (400 km). From what I've seen with their edits, they either don't give a source for the "possible dwarf planet" category or they cite only Mike Brown's list of dwarf planets, which hasn't been updated for almost 2 years.

I particularly have an issue with citing Mike Brown's list because his website is outdated (look at the 2002 MS₄ diameter!) and is informal. Brown's website is self-published, not peer-reviewed, and does not provide detailed explanations that back up his claims of dwarf planet likelihood for each object. I'm pretty sure Wikipedia has guidelines regarding these aspects (I know Wikipedia:Self-published sources is one of them), but I'll admit I don't know the specific pages to these. Besides that, Brown's list is the only source that makes claims about dwarf planet likelihood for obscure objects like (523678) 2013 XB26, which often have zero mentions in the scientific literature. Just because Brown is a discoverer of dwarf planets doesn't mean everything he says is necessarily true or reliable. In scientific papers, no other researchers are calling TNOs like 420356 Praamzius or 1996 TO66 dwarf planet candidates today, because they either: 1) too small or 2) too poorly known to say anything about them. If many people don't call a TNO a dwarf planet candidate, then we shouldn't too. Putting things like "p-DP" (possible dwarf planet) in a TNO's infobox, adding the category Category:Possible dwarf planets and template Template:Dwarf planets, or outright calling a TNO a possible dwarf planet in the lede sentence (take a look at 2015 RX245) is essentially prioritizing Mike Brown's opinion over everybody else's, which is considered giving him undue weight.

Personally, I consider Mike Brown's list of dwarf planets an unreliable source (specifically for articles of lesser-known and smaller TNOs. For large TNOs ranked as "certain" or "near-certain" in Brown's list, dwarf planet discussion is relevant) per the reasons I outlined above. Looking at some of these articles, it appears that the Mike Brown citations were systematically added to TNO articles by (then-active) User:Rfassbind back in 2017-2018, when Brown's list was regularly updated then. Should we do something about the inclusion of Brown's dwarf planet likelihood classification in smaller TNO articles like (533560) 2014 JM80, where discussion of dwarf planet classification is irrelevant or absent in scientific literature? Personally, I prefer that mentions of Brown's list be removed from articles of TNOs that are ranked "likely" and below. I'd like to hear your thoughts about this matter. Nrco0e (talk • contribs) 07:03, 22 January 2025 (UTC)

+1 I completely agree. Double sharp (talk) 03:24, 23 January 2025 (UTC)

+1 Considering that newer research works like Grundy's, cited by this article find that TNOs up to a fairly large radius tend to be porous and hence not in hydrostatic equilibrium nor display planetary activity, I agree with this proposal. AstroChara (talk) 18:25, 24 January 2025 (UTC)

• Support, some of the objects in the list like G!kunll'homdima are even known to be not dwarf planets, not even a spherical body. 21 Andromedae (talk) 12:03, 27 January 2025 (UTC)

  I'll remove the Brown and Tancredi columns from the list, and objects less than 700 km

  I'll follow those to their articles to remove the Brown ref, but likely won't get all of them — kwami (talk) 04:25, 8 February 2025 (UTC)

  Rv the rows if you like, of course, or delete move - it was just a first pass — kwami (talk) 04:36, 8 February 2025 (UTC)

Quaoar

The article claims that Quaoar was accepted as a DP by the IAU in a 2022-2023 annual report. This is simply not the case and Quaoar as far as I can tell was not mentioned in either IAU annual report, let alone reclassified.

While Quaoar has gotten the most attention out of the major DP candidates due to the discovery of its ring system, it is still inaccurate to say that the IAU classifies it alongside Makemake, Haumea, etc. 74.72.127.66 (talk) 02:49, 16 May 2025 (UTC)

Quaoar was labelled as a dwarf planet in an IAU Working Group annual report in 2022, but the report's original link is down. Luckily it has been archived[1], and indeed we see Unexpected ring discovered around dwarf planet Quaoar.

I do agree that stating the IAU has "accepted" Quaoar as a DP is not accurate here, though. It's not a formal reclassification and appears to be quoting a headline. For now, I've edited the article to say that the IAU has "labelled" Quaoar as a DP in the report, rather than "stated"—the latter implies intent on the IAU's part that likely was not there. The particular wording may be subject to subsequent debate though. ArkHyena (they/any) 06:22, 16 May 2025 (UTC)

Compare my comment at Talk:List of possible dwarf planets#Table, "identified by IAU" from February 2024: Renerpho (talk) 08:36, 16 May 2025 (UTC)

What does "identified by IAU" mean? The table and preceding section cites the 2022–2023 annual report as evidence that IAU identifies Quaoar as a dwarf planet. The report does mention Quaoar, and calls it a dwarf planet, but that's mainly because the paper it quotes does so in its title. Should this be seen as endorsement, or is it mainly a report of what the literature is doing? Is IAU expected to not report literature that disagrees with its definition, to avoid confusion? I'd much prefer a secondary source here, rather than the interpretation of Wikipedia editors! For 2015 RR245, we seem to care just as much about what others (in this case, the AGU) are claiming about IAU, rather than what IAU itself is saying about the matter. That's not "identification by IAU", in my opinion.

I only find the column "identified by IAU" useful as a reference for the "official" dwarf planet status. Right now, it's not that. Renerpho (talk) 13:36, 11 February 2024 (UTC)

Yeah, I agree with removing the 2022-2023 report's use for the table, but given how contentious that table has been recently I'll let this topic bake for a few more days in case anyone wants to raise a different opinion. ArkHyena (they/any) 09:14, 16 May 2025 (UTC)

What is the point of the first table in the "Likeliest dwarf planets" section?

I don't understand the point of the first table in the "Likeliest dwarf planets" section. It looks like it's supposed to tell us which objects are explicitly called dwarf planets by certain researchers, but what confuses me is the inclusion of a seemingly random assortment objects with unmeasured or small diameters, like 2012 VP113 and 1996 TL66. What's the point of including these when they aren't commonly accepted as dwarf planets by any of the researchers mentioned in the table? The first table is completely redundant since the second table also lists diameter, albedo, and density. Should the first table be removed? Nrco0e (talk • contribs) 06:20, 17 August 2025 (UTC)

i think it was coherent when it was created. it's not redundant because the 2nd table doesn't include evaluations. maybe we could cut it off below varda and remove any objects that have not been analyzed as dp's. — kwami (talk) 09:16, 17 August 2025 (UTC)

I think the purpose of the first table was to include a sample of large TNOs that may be described as dwarf planets, as well as some smaller objects that were formerly thought to fall in the DP category, while the second table simply lists the largest TNOs above some cutoff. However, I think these tables have largely become redundant. This article used to have a "unified" table which simply listed every TNO on Mike Brown's list, which not only listed their sizes but also evaluations by Brown, Tancredi, etc. which sort of served as a less-polished combination of the two tables we have right now. I wouldn't be opposed to bringing this table back but limiting the list to objects 600 km or larger, and also including high-H objects with some assumed albedo. Ardenau4 (talk) 22:32, 17 August 2025 (UTC)

i merged the data over to the 2nd table. didn't bother width the iau, as that's not an actual evaluation. for grundy, just copied over questionable and negative, as that was the evaluation. if this is acceptable, we can probably delete the 1st table. — kwami (talk) 02:09, 19 August 2025 (UTC)

I'm fine with that. It takes up less vertical space in the article, which I prefer. Nrco0e (talk • contribs) 02:26, 19 August 2025 (UTC)

okay, merged -- pls adjust or revert if this doesn't work — kwami (talk) 09:28, 19 August 2025 (UTC)

2017 OF201

It's strange that 2017 OF201's missing, considering it's 700 km in diameter according to it's wikipedia page. It should at least be in the largest measured candidates. I don't know how to add extra sections in tables, so can someone add it? Interstellar Tomas (talk) 12:00, 17 August 2025 (UTC)

It is in the table of brightest unmeasured candidates – the issue is precisely that its diameter has not yet been directly measured. 700 km is an estimation from its brightness. Double sharp (talk) 12:36, 17 August 2025 (UTC)

Quaoar IAU "dwarf planet"

@Kwamikagami: Not sure if this is worth adding, but I figured this might be of interest to you. The IAU WGSBN has approved two asteroid name citations (written by people not affiliated with the IAU) that call Quaoar a dwarf planet:

• https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?utf8=%E2%9C%93&object_id=54402
• https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?utf8=%E2%9C%93&object_id=54403

Nrco0e (talk • contribs) 22:59, 19 August 2025 (UTC)

@Double sharp: in case you're still collecting references that call non-iau dwarfs 'dwarfs'. — kwami (talk) 02:35, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

Thanks! Added to my list. Double sharp (talk) 08:00, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

thanks. we can add that to the quaoar article.

do you have access to Pinilla-Alonso et al. (2024)?

Emery et al. do not specify which 'smaller KBOs' they conclude are not dwarfs [e.g. is orcus in the list?], but they do say 'None of the smaller KBOs in Pinilla-Alonso et al. (2024) show prevalence of ethane in the spectra of the three objects reported here', which is how they're making that determination. if you could look up which objects on our table are in Pinilla-Alonso et al., we could mark them as not being dwarfs per Emery et al. — kwami (talk) 23:23, 19 August 2025 (UTC)

Yeah, I have access to the article. Can you access it via WP:Wikipedia Library?

Anyways, I don't see see how merely having ethane (C2H6) is a reliable discriminant between dwarfs and non-dwarfs. It's just a generic hydrocarbon. Pinilla-Alonso do not talk about ethane extensively, nor do they present spectra any of the dwarf planets and candidates. Though not relevant to dwarf planets, then mention "JWST observations of active Centaurs, small bodies with an origin in the trans-Neptunian belt, have succeeded in detecting the gas and solid phases of a diverse collection of volatile ices, such as CO2, CH4, CO, H2O2, C2H6 [ethane], OCS and CO3." Nrco0e (talk • contribs) 23:34, 19 August 2025 (UTC)

actually, i found a preprint online.

maybe i should read Emery et al. closer. it sounded like this was the distinction they were making; one of the authors overlaps between the papers, and i thought they concluded that 'smaller kbos' were not dps based on Pinilla-Alonso. several of those smaller bodies appear in our table. i just added x's to them.

if we don't mark the bodies that don't fit their criteria with red x's, are we justified in marking the ones that do with green checks? — kwami (talk) 01:43, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

In addition to 54402 and 54403, there's also the interesting https://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?utf8=✓&object_id=12641, named in 2014[2] and referring to a work from 2008 (before the naming of Makemake and Haumea).[3] I wouldn't take the approval of the name by the IAU as evidence for or against them approving of Ixion, Sedna, Orcus, and Quaoar being referred to as "dwarf planets". Not for a name approved in 2014, and not in 2025. Renerpho (talk) 05:30, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

i presume that it's John Broughton who requested the names for 54402 and 54403, and thus Broughton who considers quaoar to be a dwarf. nothing to do with the iau. — kwami (talk) 07:00, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

Yes, although the IAU (or, more precisely, one of its working groups) had to approve the names of those asteroids. That only proves that some members of the IAU are not vehemently opposed to the idea that these objects might be called "dwarf planets". That means... something, but not much. Renerpho (talk) 07:37, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

Double sharp and i were interested in citing astronomers who called objects dwarfs back when people were insisting that only the 5 named by the iau were dwarfs, and thus that wp had to restrict the term to those 5. that hasn't been an issue for a while. it's still interesting to see how the term is used, though. i mean, if mercury is a planet despite not meeting the iau definition of a planet, what are these official declarations actually doing. i think stern's def is probably still the best -- if it looks like a world, then it's a [dwarf] planet. — kwami (talk) 07:47, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

I wouldn't take naming citations as evidence for a specific astronomer using the term, because you don't know who actually wrote them. Renerpho (talk) 09:41, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

fair enough — kwami (talk) 10:17, 20 August 2025 (UTC)