TLR9

TLR9
識別號
别名	TLR9；, CD289, toll like receptor 9
外部ID	OMIM：605474 MGI：1932389 HomoloGene：68126 GeneCards：TLR9
為以下藥物的標靶
羟氯喹、​agatolimod sodium
基因位置（人类） 染色体 3號染色體 基因座 3p21.2 起始 52,221,080 bp 终止 52,225,645 bp
基因位置（小鼠） 染色体 小鼠9号染色体 基因座 9|9 F1 起始 106,099,797 bp 终止 106,104,082 bp
基因本體 分子功能 • siRNA binding • interleukin-1 receptor binding • transmembrane signaling receptor activity • 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity • protein homodimerization activity • unmethylated CpG binding • pattern recognition receptor activity 細胞組分 • 細胞質 • integral component of membrane • 核内体 • endoplasmic reticulum membrane • 膜 • early phagosome • Golgi membrane • 细胞膜 • 細胞外區域 • basolateral plasma membrane • apical plasma membrane • 内质网 • phagocytic vesicle • endolysosome membrane • 溶酶体 • endosome membrane • cytoplasmic vesicle • 細胞外空間 • 内吞溶酶体 生物學過程 • positive regulation of interleukin-18 production • positive regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway • positive regulation of inflammatory response • positive regulation of interleukin-12 production • axonogenesis • positive regulation of interleukin-10 production • immune system process • positive regulation of JUN kinase activity • negative regulation of interleukin-6 production • I-kappaB phosphorylation • positive regulation of JNK cascade • positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process • MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway • negative regulation of interleukin-8 production • positive regulation of gene expression • negative regulation of ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity • negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway • defense response to bacterium • maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium • positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production • positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity • positive regulation of interleukin-8 production • positive regulation of interleukin-6 production • positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production • positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling • positive regulation of chemokine production • tumor necrosis factor production • toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway • 先天免疫系統 • inflammatory response • response to molecule of bacterial origin • negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity • positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II • 訊息傳遞 • positive regulation of interferon-beta production • toll-like receptor signaling pathway • phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process • positive regulation of immunoglobulin production • positive regulation of B cell proliferation • regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway • positive regulation of MAPK cascade • regulation of B cell differentiation • positive regulation of B cell activation • positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling • 免疫反应 • I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling • defense response to virus Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
物種	人類	小鼠
Entrez	54106	81897
Ensembl	ENSG00000239732	ENSMUSG00000045322
UniProt	Q9NR96	Q9EQU3
mRNA​序列	NM_138688 ​NM_017442	NM_031178
蛋白序列	NP_059138	NP_112455
基因位置​（UCSC）	Chr 3: 52.22 – 52.23 Mb	Chr 9: 106.1 – 106.1 Mb
PubMed​查找
維基數據
檢視/編輯人類 檢視/編輯小鼠

Toll样受体9（英語：Toll-like receptor 9）是由人类基因 TLR9 编码的蛋白质，也被称为CD289（分化簇289，cluster of differentiation 289），是Toll样受体（TLR）家族的成员。

功能

TLR家族的受体在病原识别与先天免疫的激活中起着基础作用。TLRs are named for the high degree of conservation in structure and function seen between mammalian TLRs and the Drosophila transmembrane protein Toll. TLRs是呈現在細胞表面和胞內間室的跨膜蛋白，用以識別病原體呈現的病原相关分子模式（Pathogen-associated molecular patterns，PAMPs），然後啟動製造先天和获得性免疫所需的细胞因子的信號。 The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. 这一基因通常表达于富含免疫细胞的组织，比如脾、淋巴结、骨髓等。研究指出，在小鼠和人中的TLR9受体可响应细菌DNA中的未甲基化的CpG寡脱氧核苷酸序列来激活先天免疫应答。

TLR9可以识别DNA分子中的未甲基化的CpG序列，CpG位点在脊椎动物非常稀少（~1%），但在细菌或病毒基因组中很丰富。TLR9在免疫系统的多种细胞中有表达，如B淋巴细胞、单核细胞、自然杀伤细胞（NK）和浆细胞样树突状细胞。TLR9表达于细胞内，是核内体的组分之一，其功能为当细菌或病毒感染时结合其DNA上的富CpG基序来改变免疫系统的状态。TLR9的信号会导致细胞启动炎症反应，并分泌相关细胞因子，如I型干扰素和IL-12等。

临床意义

There are new immunomodulatory treatments undergoing testing which involve the administration of artificial DNA oligonucleotides containing the CpG motif. CpG DNA has applications in treating allergies such as asthma, immunostimulation against cancer, immunostimulation against pathogens, and as adjuvants in vaccines.

蛋白质相互作用

• TLR9 可以与RNF216交互作用发生。
• 它可以被CpG寡脱氧核苷酸激活，如阿托莫德。

延伸阅读

• Lien E, Ingalls RR. Toll-like receptors.. Crit. Care Med. 2002, 30 (1 Suppl): S1–11. PMID 11782555. doi:10.1097/00003246-200201001-00001. 
• Kaisho T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors as adjuvant receptors.. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2002, 1589 (1): 1–13. PMID 11909637. doi:10.1016/S0167-4889(01)00182-3. 

外部链接

• 醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：TLR9+protein,+human

TLR9引用了美国国家医学图书馆提供的資料，这些資料属于公共领域。