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National Immigration Administration

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Not to be confused with National Immigration Agency.
National Immigration Administration
(Exit and Entry Administration of the People's Republic of China)
国家移民管理局
（中华人民共和国出入境管理局）
National Emblem of China
National Immigration Administration emblem

National Immigration Administration flag
Agency overview
FormedApril 2, 2018
Preceding agency
  • Exit and Entry Administration of the Ministry of Public Security
JurisdictionPeople's Republic of China
HeadquartersBeijing
Parent agencyState Council via the Ministry of Public Security
Websiteen.nia.gov.cn Edit this at Wikidata
National Immigration Administration
Simplified Chinese国家移民管理局
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinGuójiā Yímín Guǎnlǐ Jú

The National Immigration Administration (NIA), alternatively known as the Exit and Entry Administration of the People's Republic of China (for the PRC-ROC border and Mainland China's regional border controls with Hong Kong and Macau), is a sub-ministry-level executive agency administrated by the Ministry of Public Security. The administration is responsible for coordinating and formulating immigration policies and their implementation, border control, administering foreigners’ stay, management on refugees and nationality, taking the lead in coordinating the administering of foreigners who illegally enter, stay or are employed in China, and the repatriation of illegal immigrants.[1][2] The NIA is also responsible for manning border checkpoints and have been involved in drug interdiction operations.[3]

History

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Prior to 2018, the Exit-Entry Administration of the Ministry of Public Security (known as the Sixth Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security), was in charge of public security entry-exit management. The public security departments and bureaus of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government had set up entry-exit administrations (divisions) responsible for the entry and exit administration of public security in their respective regions; most prefectures and cities and county-level public security agencies had heavy workloads and tasks. A special agency for entry and exit management was required to specifically perform various tasks for entry and exit management. The entry-exit administrative departments of the local public security organs at all levels accept the guidance of the entry-exit administrative departments of the higher-level public security organs, and at the same time accept the leadership of the public security organs at the same level.[citation needed]

The former People's Armed Police Border Defense Corps was an important armed law enforcement force deployed by the state in coastal areas and ports. It was subordinate to the Border Defense Administration of the Ministry of Public Security and implemented an active-duty armed police system. The border defense force was responsible for public security frontier defense corps in provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, public security frontier defense detachments in borders and coastal areas (cities, prefectures, leagues), public security frontier defense squads in counties (cities, banners), and border defenses in towns along the border and coastal areas. The administration was also responsible for police stations set up on border security checkpoints on the main arterial roads leading to the border management areas in the inland, maritime police detachments and brigades in coastal areas and border checkpoints at open ports. As of 2018, there were 1845 border police stations nationwide.[citation needed]

In July 1998, nine cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Xiamen, Haikou, and Shantou established the entry-exit border checkpoints, which were vertically led by the Ministry of Public Security.[4] In 2011, according to the Central Office document on the "approval on the adjustment of Beijing in seven vocational institutions specifications preparing Frontier Guard Inspection Station" (Central Office Document No. 54), Shenzhen FGIS and seven other professional Frontier Inspection Station Specifications adjusted from the deputy department level to the main department level with the institutional affiliation and staffing remaining unchanged.[5]

On April 1, 2021, with the approval of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, the National Immigration Management Agency will use its own flag and logo from April 2, 2021, onwards.[6]

Organizational structure

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The National Immigration Administration has an institution that Deputy Bureau level (副司局级), and each border inspection station and standing force are at Office level (正厅级). The National Immigration Service has the following subordinate bodies:[7]

Affiliated units

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  • Immigration Management Information Technology Research Institute (出入境管理信息技术研究所)
  • Immigration Services Center (移民事务服务中心)
  • Policing Security Center (警务保障中心)

Directly subordinate units

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Immigration Inspection General Stations

[8][9][10]

Reforms

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From 1 April 2019 onwards, all mainland citizens can apply and receive passports and exit and entry permits from the NIA offices anywhere in the country, instead of requiring citizens to go to their Hukou city/province to apply. Also, exit and entry permits to Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan can be applied to, received, and delivered within a few minutes on automatic machines.[11]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "China to set up state immigration administration". english.gov.cn. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  2. ^ Tone, Sixth (2018-03-14). "China Seeks to Standardize Immigration With New Bureau". Sixth Tone. Retrieved 2019-05-31.
  3. ^ "云南木康边检站3小时连抓两名网逃人员". Retrieved 2023-02-25.
  4. ^ "中国公安出入境管理机构设置与职责分工". 2015-01-01. Archived from the original on 2015-01-01. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  5. ^ "深圳等七职业化边检总站升格正厅建制 编制不变-新闻频道-手机搜狐". m.sohu.com. Archived from the original on 2019-04-19. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  6. ^ "国家移民管理机构启用队旗和标志". www.nia.gov.cn. Retrieved 2024-05-27.
  7. ^ "机构职责_国家移民管理局". www.nia.gov.cn. Retrieved 2025-03-07.
  8. ^ "S for S to visit Guangzhou and Shenzhen". HKSAR governemnt.
  9. ^ "Shanghai immigration inspection enhances services for intl travelers". Shanghai Municipal Government.
  10. ^ "May Day holiday boosts inbound and outbound travel in Hainan". China Daily. 2025-05-06.
  11. ^ "国家移民管理局：4月1日起申领出入境证件实行"全国通办"_中国政库_澎湃新闻-The Paper". www.thepaper.cn. Retrieved 2019-05-31.
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