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Armenia Portal
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Բարի գալուստ Հայաստանի պորտալ!
Location of Armenia

Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave Nakhchivan to the south. Yerevan is the capital, largest city and financial center.

The Armenian highlands have been home to the Hayasa-Azzi, Shupria and Nairi peoples. By at least 600 BC, an archaic form of Proto-Armenian, an Indo-European language, had diffused into the Armenian highlands. The first Armenian state of Urartu was established in 860 BC, and by the 6th century BC it was replaced by the Satrapy of Armenia. The Kingdom of Armenia reached its height under Tigranes the Great in the 1st century BC and in AD 301 became the first state in the world to adopt Christianity as its official religion. Armenia still recognises the Armenian Apostolic Church, the world's oldest national church, as the country's primary religious establishment. The ancient Armenian kingdom was split between the Byzantine and Sasanian Empires around the early 5th century. Under the Bagratuni dynasty, the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia was restored in the 9th century before falling in 1045. Cilician Armenia, an Armenian principality and later a kingdom, was located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea between the 11th and 14th centuries.

Between the 16th and 19th centuries, the traditional Armenian homeland composed of Eastern Armenia and Western Armenia came under the rule of the Ottoman and Persian empires, repeatedly ruled by either of the two over the centuries. By the 19th century, Eastern Armenia had been conquered by the Russian Empire while most of Western Armenia remained under Ottoman rule. During World War I up to 1.5 million Armenians were systematically exterminated in the Armenian genocide. In 1918, following the Russian Revolution, all non-Russian countries declared their independence after the Russian Empire ceased to exist, leading to the establishment of the First Republic of Armenia. By 1920, the state was incorporated into the Soviet Union as the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. Today's Republic of Armenia became independent in 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. (Full article...)

Selected article

 Education in Armenia is held in particular esteem in Armenian culture. Education developed the fastest out of the social services, while health and welfare services attempted to maintain the basic state-planned structure of the Soviet era, following Armenia's independence in 1991. Today, Armenia is trying to implement a new vision for its higher education system while pursuing the goals of the European Higher Education Area. The Ministry of Education and Science oversees education in the country.

K–12 education is a part of the education system and is required for 12 years. It consists of preschool, primary, middle, and high school education, with both government-run (public) and private institutions creating the educational landscape. (Full article...)

Selected biography

Khachaturian in 1971

Aram Ilyich Khachaturian (/ˈærəm ˌkɑːtʃəˈtʊəriən/; 6 June [O.S. 24 May] 1903 – 1 May 1978) was a Soviet Armenian composer and conductor. He is considered one of the leading Soviet composers.

Khachaturian was born and raised in Tbilisi (now the capital of Georgia). He moved to Moscow in 1921 following the Sovietization of the Caucasus. Without prior music training, he enrolled in the Gnessin Musical Institute, and subsequently studied at the Moscow Conservatory in the class of Nikolai Myaskovsky, among others. His first major work, the Piano Concerto (1936), popularized his name within and outside the Soviet Union. It was followed by the Violin Concerto (1940) and the Cello Concerto (1946). His other significant compositions include the Masquerade Suite (1941), the Anthem of the Armenian SSR (1944), three symphonies (1935, 1943, 1947), and around 25 film scores. Khachaturian is best known for his ballet music: Gayane (1942) and Spartacus (1954). His most popular piece, the "Sabre Dance" from Gayane, has been used extensively in popular culture and has been performed by a number of musicians worldwide. His style is "characterized by colorful harmonies, captivating rhythms, virtuosity, improvisations, and sensuous melodies". (Full article...)

General images

The following are images from various Armenia-related articles on Wikipedia.
  • Image 1Holy Mother of God Church (from Tatev Monastery)
    Holy Mother of God Church (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 2Ceiling and Muqarna vault of the gavit. (from Geghard)
    Ceiling and Muqarna vault of the gavit. (from Geghard)
  • Image 3The hole (from Noravank)
    The hole (from Noravank)
  • Image 4Photo by Alexander Roinashvili c. 1880. (from Tatev Monastery)
    Photo by Alexander Roinashvili c. 1880. (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 5Arched entrance to the caves adjacent to the monastery. (from Geghard)
    Arched entrance to the caves adjacent to the monastery. (from Geghard)
  • Image 6Column, tomb of Papak Proshyan, 1288. (from Geghard)
    Column, tomb of Papak Proshyan, 1288. (from Geghard)
  • Image 7The entrance of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
    The entrance of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
  • Image 8Plan of Geghard, with identification of the main structures. (from Geghard)
    Plan of Geghard, with identification of the main structures. (from Geghard)
  • Image 9Broken khachkar to the left of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
    Broken khachkar to the left of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
  • Image 10Noravank khachkars (from Noravank)
    Noravank khachkars (from Noravank)
  • Image 11Tatev Monastery (from Tatev Monastery)
    Tatev Monastery (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 12Swinging Column in 1839 (from Tatev Monastery)
    Swinging Column in 1839 (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 13Cross decoration on the walls of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
    Cross decoration on the walls of Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
  • Image 14Boundary agreement between the villages Khut, Shinhar and Halizur (Halidzor) owned by the Tatev Monastery. Persian manuscript, dated 13 November 1400 (from Tatev Monastery)
    Boundary agreement between the villages Khut, Shinhar and Halizur (Halidzor) owned by the Tatev Monastery. Persian manuscript, dated 13 November 1400 (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 15The Church of Saints Paul and Peter at sunset (from Tatev Monastery)
    The Church of Saints Paul and Peter at sunset (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 16The museum (from Noravank)
    The museum (from Noravank)
  • Image 17Swinging Column in Tatev (from Tatev Monastery)
    Swinging Column in Tatev (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 18Muqarna Vault of the First church in the rock, 13th century. (from Geghard)
    Muqarna Vault of the First church in the rock, 13th century. (from Geghard)
  • Image 19Panorama of Noravank monastery and Amaghu valley (from Noravank)
    Panorama of Noravank monastery and Amaghu valley (from Noravank)
  • Image 20The Upper Zhamatun (1288), tomb of Papak Proshyan and his wife Ruzukana (from Geghard)
    The Upper Zhamatun (1288), tomb of Papak Proshyan and his wife Ruzukana (from Geghard)
  • Image 21The monastery c. 1920 (from Tatev Monastery)
    The monastery c. 1920 (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 22An illustration of the monastery from 1881. (from Tatev Monastery)
    An illustration of the monastery from 1881. (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 23Tatev Monastery pillar (from Tatev Monastery)
    Tatev Monastery pillar (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 24Façade of Surb Astvatsatsin Church (from Noravank)
    Façade of Surb Astvatsatsin Church (from Noravank)
  • Image 25Emblem of the Proshyan family. (from Geghard)
    Emblem of the Proshyan family. (from Geghard)
  • Image 26Noravank horseman hunting a lion, late 13th to early 14th century (from Noravank)
    Noravank horseman hunting a lion, late 13th to early 14th century (from Noravank)
  • Image 27Geghard gavit (from Geghard)
    Geghard gavit (from Geghard)
  • Image 28Ornament on the ceiling of the Saint Grigor chapel made with the Vordan Karmir (Cochineal Red) pigment (from Noravank)
    Ornament on the ceiling of the Saint Grigor chapel made with the Vordan Karmir (Cochineal Red) pigment (from Noravank)
  • Image 29Khachkars inset in rock outcropping (from Geghard)
    Khachkars inset in rock outcropping (from Geghard)
  • Image 30The back of the Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
    The back of the Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
  • Image 31Bas-relief (from Noravank)
    Bas-relief (from Noravank)
  • Image 32View of the monastery and surroundings, 2025 (from Tatev Monastery)
    View of the monastery and surroundings, 2025 (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 33Grave of Elikum III Orbelian, son of Prince Tarsaich Orbelian (from Noravank)
    Grave of Elikum III Orbelian, son of Prince Tarsaich Orbelian (from Noravank)
  • Image 34The southern entrance of Surb Karapet church (from Noravank)
    The southern entrance of Surb Karapet church (from Noravank)
  • Image 35Approach to the monastery (from Noravank)
    Approach to the monastery (from Noravank)
  • Image 36Surb Astvatsatsin Church of Noravank (from Noravank)
    Surb Astvatsatsin Church of Noravank (from Noravank)
  • Image 37Cupola on arches. Proshyan chapel (1283). (from Geghard)
    Cupola on arches. Proshyan chapel (1283). (from Geghard)
  • Window tympanum of the Gavit
    Window tympanum of the Gavit. Interpretation is unclear: God the Father with the head of John the Baptist, Jesus or Adam in his hand and Jesus on the Cross (from Noravank)
  • Image 39Carved tombstones of Smbat and Elikum III Orbelian, inside the chapel of Surb Grigor (from Noravank)
    Carved tombstones of Smbat and Elikum III Orbelian, inside the chapel of Surb Grigor (from Noravank)
  • Image 40The main church, or "Kathogike" (from Geghard)
    The main church, or "Kathogike" (from Geghard)
  • Image 41Noravank (from Noravank)
    Noravank (from Noravank)
  • Image 42Column from the gavit (from Geghard)
    Column from the gavit (from Geghard)
  • Image 43The first rock-cut church, Zakarid period, circa 1240. (from Geghard)
    The first rock-cut church, Zakarid period, circa 1240. (from Geghard)
  • Image 44Engraved crosses on the cave church wall in the Geghard Monastery. (from Geghard)
    Engraved crosses on the cave church wall in the Geghard Monastery. (from Geghard)
  • Image 45Rock-cut chamber: tomb of Prosh Khaghbakian (1283). (from Geghard)
    Rock-cut chamber: tomb of Prosh Khaghbakian (1283). (from Geghard)
  • Image 46Aerial view (from Noravank)
    Aerial view (from Noravank)
  • Image 47The monastery in the early 20th century (from Noravank)
    The monastery in the early 20th century (from Noravank)
  • Image 48Tatev Monastery (from Tatev Monastery)
    Tatev Monastery (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 49The "Chapel of the Proshyans" in Rock-This is the rock-cut church past the zhamatun. It was dedicated by Prince Prosh in 1283. (from Geghard)
    The "Chapel of the Proshyans" in Rock-This is the rock-cut church past the zhamatun. It was dedicated by Prince Prosh in 1283. (from Geghard)
  • Image 50View of the interior (from Noravank)
    View of the interior (from Noravank)
  • Image 5117th-century service buildings (foreground) (from Geghard)
    17th-century service buildings (foreground) (from Geghard)
  • Image 52Cupola on arches. Proshyan chapel (1283). (from Geghard)
    Cupola on arches. Proshyan chapel (1283). (from Geghard)
  • Image 53Plan of Saints Paul and Peter Church (from Tatev Monastery)
    Plan of Saints Paul and Peter Church (from Tatev Monastery)
  • Image 54The façade of Surb Karapet Church with a depiction of God the Father (upper relief) (from Noravank)
    The façade of Surb Karapet Church with a depiction of God the Father (upper relief) (from Noravank)
  • Image 55Geghard in the snow (from Geghard)
    Geghard in the snow (from Geghard)
  • Image 56Entrance to the Proshyan chapel (1283). (from Geghard)
    Entrance to the Proshyan chapel (1283). (from Geghard)
  • Image 57Surb Karapet (St. John the Baptist) Church (from Noravank)
    Surb Karapet (St. John the Baptist) Church (from Noravank)
  • Image 58Mausoleum of Prince Prosh Khaghbakian (1283). The tombs are behind the twin arches. The entrance to the Proshyan chapel is to the right. (from Geghard)
    Mausoleum of Prince Prosh Khaghbakian (1283). The tombs are behind the twin arches. The entrance to the Proshyan chapel is to the right. (from Geghard)
  • Image 59Plan of Noravank (from Noravank)
    Plan of Noravank (from Noravank)
  • Image 60A detail of the Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
    A detail of the Astvatsatsin church (from Noravank)
  • Image 61St. Gregory the Illuminator's Church (from Tatev Monastery)
    St. Gregory the Illuminator's Church (from Tatev Monastery)

Selected picture

  • Image 1Armenian National Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet
    Armenian National Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet
  • Image 2Noravank Monastery
    Noravank Monastery

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