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Lists of executed people for religious offenses

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Lists of executed people for religious offenses, including heresy, apostasy, impiety, desecration and blasphemy. This list includes people executed legally and semi-legally but not people murdered extrajudicially.

List

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Afghanistan

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Name Date Crime Method
Sahibzada Abdul Latif 14 July 1903 Apostasy Stoning

Austria

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Name Date Crime Method
Franz Wunderlich[1] 1688 Desecration Beheading
Maria Anna Rossenberger (19)[1] 1697 Desecration Beheading
Anna Rosina[1] 1702 Desecration Beheading
Maria Francisca Rosenburgerin (19)[1] 12 May 1705 Desecration Beheading
Maria Catherina N. (24)[1] 17 February 1707 Desecration Beheading
Elisabeth Stainin (23)[1] 16 March 1708 Desecration Beheading
Hans Georg Fritsch (47)[1] June 1709 Blasphemy Beheading
Elizabeth N. (31)[1] 10 December 1709 Desecration Beheading
Maria Anna Kaufeuthner (28)[1] 1710 Desecration Beheading
Johann Posch (19)[1] 7 June 1712 Desecration Beheading
Anna Catherina Köpferin (18)[1] 12 July 1712 Desecration Beheading
Clara Dorothea Jancovitschin (23)[1] 30 August 1712 Desecration Beheading
Maria Susanna Grallin (19)[1] 27 September 1712 Desecration Beheading
Maria Magdalena Zechirlin (20)[1]
Maria Elisabeth N. (20)[1] 17 November 1712 Desecration Beheading
Benigna Rosina Weninger (17)[1] 23 November 1712 Desecration Beheading
Maria Magdalena N. (18)[1] 8 February 1713 Desecration Beheading
Stefan Maurer (16)[1] 9 August 1713 Desecration Beheading
Unnamed girl (15)[1] 31 August 1713 Desecration Beheading
Magdalena N. (19)[1] 20 October 1713 Desecration Beheading
Unnamed woman (26)[1] 2 March 1714 Desecration Beheading
Unnamed woman (20)[1] 24 March 1714 Desecration Beheading
Unnamed woman (19)[1] 8 August 1714 Desecration Beheading
Andreas Mühlbacher (17)[1] 27 March 1715 Desecration Beheading
Maria Anna Wälnerin (22)[1] 3 April 1715 Desecration Beheading
Adam Hirschbeck (15)[1] 18 June 1715 Desecration Beheading
Andreas Frisch (16)[1] 13 December 1715 Blasphemy Beheading
Anna Margaretha N. (26)[1] 25 October 1716 Desecration Beheading
Anna Maria Nitzlin[1] November 1718 Desecration Beheading
Unnamed woman 11 June 1720 Desecration Beheading

Belgium

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Czech Republic

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Name Date Crime Method
Jan Olivetsky 20 September 1546 Blasphemy Beaheading[2]

France

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Joan of Arc at the stake, 1431
Name Date Crime Method
Jean-François de la Barre 1 July 1766 Impiety and desecration Beaheading

Germany

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Burning of Jan Hus in Constance, 1415

Iran

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Name Date Crime Method
Hossein Soodmand[3] 3 December 1990 Apostasy Hanging
Bahman Samandari[4] 18 March 1992 Apostasy Unknown
Ruhollah Rohani[5] 21 July 1998 Apostasy Unknown
Seyed Ali Gharabat[3] 26 January 2011 Apostasy Hanging
Mohsen Amiraslani 24 September 2014 Blasphemy Hanging
Yousef Mehrdad 8 May 2023 Blasphemy Hanging
Sadrollah Fazeli Zare

Italy

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Name Date Crime Method
Antonio Rinaldeschi 1501 Desecration
Solomon Molcho 13 December 1532 Apostasy Burning at stake
Francesco Calcagno 23 December 1550 Blasphemy and homosexuality
Giordano Bruno 17 February 1600 Heresy Burning at stake

Netherlands

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Name Date Crime Method
Anna Utenhoven 17 July 1597 Heresy Burned at stake

Ottoman Empire

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Name Date Crime Method Notes
Unknown Armenian 1843 Apostasy Beaheading Accepted Islam, but later returned to Christianity.[7]
Unknown man 1852 Apostasy Beaheading Converted from Islam to Christianity, executed in Aleppo.[8]
Unknown man 1853 Apostasy Beaheading Converted from Islam to Christianity, executed in Adrianople.
Batto Sfez Affair 1857 Blasphemy Beaheading

Poland

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Main article: Polish Inquisition § List of executions of heretics from the judgment of the Inquisition courts
Name Date Crime Method
Mikołaj Grunberg 25 June 1453 Heresy Burning at stake
Adam from Radziejów[9] Late September 1499 Heresy Burning at stake
Katarzyna Weiglowa 19 April 1539 Apostasy Burning at stake
Iwan Tyszkiewicz 1611 Blasphemy Burning at stake
Franco de Franco 30 June 1611 Blasphemy Quartering
Kazimierz Łyszczyński 30 March 1689 Atheism Burning at stake

Portugal

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Name Date Crime Method
Ana Rodrigues (settler) 1593 Judaism Burning at stake
Isaac de Castro Tartas 15 December 1647 Judaism Burning at stake
Gabriel Malagrida 21 September 1671 Heresy Strangulation
António José da Silva 18 October 1739 Judaism Strangulation

Spain

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Muslim Spain

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Main article: Martyrs of Córdoba
Name Date Crime Method
Perfectus 18 April 850 Blasphemy Beheading
Sisenandus of Beja 16 July 851 Blasphemy Beheading

Christian Spain

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Name Date Crime Method
Miguel de Almazán February 1486 Judaism Burning at stake
Hernando Alonso 17 October 1528 Judaism Burning at stake
María de Bohórquez 1559 Heresy Burning at stake
Francisca Nuñez de Carabajal 8 December 1569 Apostasy Burning at stake
Luis de Carvajal the Younger 8 December 1596 Judaism Garrote
Tomás Treviño de Sobremonte 14 April 1649 Judaism Burning at stake
Maria Barbara Carillo 18 May 1721 Judaism Burning at stake
Cayetano Ripoll 26 July 1826 Heresy Burning at stake

Somalia

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Name Date Crime Method
Abdirahman Ahmed 15 January 2009 Apostasy
Mohamud Mursal Muse[10] 2015 Blasphemy
Hassan Tohow Fidow 2021 Blasphemy Firing squad[10]

Sweden

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Name Date Crime Method
Botulf Botulfsson April 1311 Heresy Burned at stake
Ragvald Odenskarl 27 October 1484 Paganism Burned at stake
Eric Clauesson 1492 Paganism Burned at stake
82 people 7–9 November 1520 Heresy Beheaded
Lars Nilsson 1693 Paganism Burned at stake

Switzerland

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United Kingdom

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Catholic Britain

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Burning of William Sawtre, 1401
Name Date Jurisdiction Modern country Crime Method
Adam Duff O'Toole 11 April 1328 Kingdom of England Ireland Heresy Burning at stake
Hellen Stirk 27 January 1544 Kingdom of Scotland United Kingdom Impiety Drowning
Burning of Latimer and Ridley, Oxford, 1555

Protestant Britain

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Name Date Jurisdiction Modern country Crime Method
Thomas Aikenhead 8 January 1697 Kingdom of Scotland United Kingdom Blasphemy Burning at stake
Burning of Anne Askew and John Lascelles, 1546

Eastern Orthodox countries

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The "baptism by fire" of Old Believer leader Avvakum in 1682

Other countries

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Name Date Jurisdiction Modern country Crime Method
Socrates 399 BC Classical Athens Greece Impiety Poison
al-Hallaj 26 March 922 Abbasid Caliphate Iraq Heresy Beheading
Thomas of Tolentino 8 April 1321 Delhi Sultanate India Blasphemy Beheading
Marina of Omura 11 November 1634 Japan Japan Sheltering priests Burning at stake
Mahmoud Mohammed Taha 18 January 1985 Sudan Sudan Apostasy and blasphemy Beheading
Sadeq Mallallah 3 September 1992 Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Apostasy and blasphemy Beheading

Sublists

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Kathy Stuart: Suicide by Proxy in Early Modern Germany, 2023
  2. ^ 1547: Jan Olivetsky, Moravian publisher
  3. ^ a b Apostasy in The Islam Republic of Iran
  4. ^ One Person’s Story Bahman Samandari
  5. ^ One Person’s Story Ruhollah Rohani
  6. ^ Fiume, Giovanna; Il santo moro: i processi di canonizzazione di Benedetto da Palermo (1594-1807), 2000.
  7. ^ Apostasy in islam
  8. ^ Assessing the Legacy of the Ottoman Reform of 1856: Possibilities, Impossibilities, and Situational Changes in Religious Freedom
  9. ^ KOŚCIOŁY I DUCHOWIEŃSTWO ŚREDNIOWIECZNEGO RADZIEJOWA
  10. ^ a b Al-Shabaab executes old Man for alleged Blasphemy, 5 August 2021
  11. ^ Bloch, Isaac (1906). "Antoine, Nicolas". Jewish Encyclopedia. Kopelman Foundation. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  12. ^ Foxe, John (1831). Book of Martyrs: Or, A History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Triumphant Deaths, of the Primitive as Well as Protestant Martyrs : from the Commencement of Christianity, to the Latest Periods of Pagan and Popish Persecution ... A. B. Roff. p. 443 – via Internet Archive. stephen cotton.

References

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